■■]-■:
■ •

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/SUog

JOURNAL ^£ .

OF

THE PROCEEDINGS

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

ZOOLOGY.

VOL. I.

LONDON:
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS & ROBERTS,

AND

WILLIAMS AND NORGATE.

1857.

IJS51-57J

it

'

•RINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

LIST OF PAPERS.

Page

Bell, Thomas, Esq., Pres. L.S.

Remarks on some Habits of Argyroneta aquatica 2

Couch, Jonathan, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

On the Occurrence of Sepia biserialis in Cornwall 100

Hanbury, Daniel, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

Notice of a Specimen of Insect-wax from China 103

Hicks, John Braxton, Esq., M.D. Lond., F.L.S. &c.

On a New Organ in Insects. (With a Plate.) 136

Newman, Edward, Esq., F.L.S.

Note on a supposed species of Pelopaus 39

Note on Lepidosiren annectens, Owen 73

Newport, the late George, Esq., F.L.S.

On the Natural History of the Glowworm (Lampyris noctiluca). 40

Ralph, Thomas Shearman, Esq., A.L.S.

On the Katepo, a supposed Poisonous Spider of New Zealand.
Extract from a Letter to R. Kippist, ;Esq., Libr. L.S., dated
14 Wellington, New Zealand, 18th April 1855." 1

Vinen, Edward Hart, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

On the Quantity of Tannin in the Galls of Cynips Quercus-
petioli 72

Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Singapore and
Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New

Species. (With two Plates.) 4

Catalogue of the Homopterous Insects collected at Singapore
and Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of
New Species. (With two Plates.) 82

IV

Page

Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo,
by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. (With
a Plate.) 105

Catalogue of the Homopterous Insects collected at Sarawak,
Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New
Species. (With two Plates.) 141

Westwood, J. O., Esq., F.L.S. &c.

Description of a New Species of Paussus from Central Western

Africa 74

Notice of the u Borer," a Caterpillar very injurious to the Sugar-

Cane 102

Note on Insects producing Wax from Port Natal and China. ... 104

Yarrell, William, Esq., V.P.L.S. &c.

On the Influence of the Sexual Organ in Modifying External
Character 76

Index 177

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON

November 6th, 1855.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Mr. "Ward, E.L.S., exhibited a fine growing specimen of Holcus
saccharatus, Ard., raised in a closed case in January, and planted
out on a bank in his garden when about 10 inches high.

Mr. "Westwood, E.L.S., presented a fruit of Luffa JEgyptiaca,
Mill., a plant cultivated in all warm countries, and commonly-
called the Towel-gourd. The specimen presented was dried, like
those so frequently seen in collections, with the pulp washed out ;
but was remarkable as being part of a cargo imported from the
West Indies for the purpose of paper-making. The beautiful net-
work fibre is also bleached and made into picture-frames, basket-
work, reticules, &c.

Mr. "Westwood also presented an abnormal growth of the Aspa-
ragus officinalis, L., from his garden at Hammersmith, in which
the flattened stem, not thicker than a card, had attained a width

of an inch and a half.

i

Bead an Extract from a Letter addressed by Thomas Shearman
Ealph, Esq., A.L.S., to Mr. Kippist, " On the Katepo, a supposed
Linn. Proc. a

1 PROCEEDINGS OE THE

poisonous Spider of New Zealand." (See " Zoological Proceed-
ings," p. 1.)

The reading of Mr. Ralph's letter was followed by a conver-
sation on the habits of spiders generally, and especially on those of
Argyroneta aquatica.

Mr. Ralph also presented specimens of several microscopic
objects, including the tongue and tooth of a leathery species of
Chiton, and the sting of a Mosquito opened out. The latter he
describes as follows: "A sheath, which is open anteriorly, and
has also the property of being bent at a right angle to allow of the
deep insertion of the sucking-tube, which is yellow, is furnished on
either side with two fine lancet-shaped instruments, having their
tips serrated, and also with a third, apparently placed anterior to
the sucking-tube, and constituting a true lancet, by means of
which the first puncture is made ; the tube and jaws enter together,
the latter following up the work of the lancet."

November 20th, 1855.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eead "Remarks on some habits of Argyroneta aquatica" by the
President. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 3.)

Read also a Paper " On some new species of Ohamcelauciece"
by Dr. C. F. Meisner. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 35.)

Dr. Meisner's Paper was followed by a " Notice of two appa-
rently undescribed species of Genetyllis, from S.W. Australia," by
Richard Kippist, Esq., Libr. L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings,"
p. 48.)

December 4th, 1855.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Francis Champion, Esq., Daniel Hanbury, Esq., Robert
Hulme, Esq., John Lee, Esq., LL.D., Lester Lester, Esq., and
James Townley, Esq., were elected Fellows.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ill

Eead Extracts from two Letters addressed to the President by
Henry Evans, Esq., of Darley Abbey, near Derby, giving an account
of his experience in shooting Seals on the coast of Ireland, and
noticing the occurrence in the neighbourhood of Eoundstone, near
Clifden, of the Harp- Seal, Phoca Groenlandica, L.

Eead also " Observations upon Mystropetalum andCynomovium"
being a continuation of Dr. J. D. Hooker's Memoir " On the
Structure and Affinities of Balanophorece" read during the last
Session, and ordered for publication in the " Transactions."

December 18th, 1855.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

"William Archer, Jun., Esq., and William Dickinson, Esq., were
elected Fellows.

Mr. W. Pamplin, A.L.S., exhibited some living specimens of
the Water- spider (Argyroneta aquatica).

Prof. Bentley, F.L.S., exhibited the following specimens : — 1st.
A fasciated branch of the Larix europwa, Dec. 2nd. A cluster of
flowers of the Tanacetum vulgar e, in which some of the plants had
acquired an abnormal development apparently from the attack of
insects. 3rd. A monstrosity of the Papaver bracteatum, Lindl.,
in which the stamens showed a gradual transition into pistils.
This he considered a very interesting specimen, as no such trans-
itions occur naturally between these organs, although such are
common between stamens and petals. In this specimen the ab-
normal bodies in some cases exhibited partially developed anthers
containing pollen on their outer surface, while their inner bore
numerous ovules. Prof. Bentley stated that he had observed the
flowers of the plant from which his specimen had been taken to
exhibit the above peculiarity for two seasons successively ; and he
thought therefore that it was probable such a variety would
become permanent.

Dr. J. D. Hooker, F.L.S., read a " Note on some species of
West Indian Seeds washed up on the coast of South Wales."

a 2

IV PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

Bead a Paper " On a new genus of Terns ;" by Thomas Moore,
Esq., E.L.S. Ac

The reading was commenced of a Paper " On the Natural His-
tory of the Glowworm (Lampyris noctiluca, L.) ;" by the late
George Newport, Esq., E.E.S., E.L.S. &c. Prepared from the
Authdr's MS. by Prof. Ellis of University College. (See " Zoolo-
gical Proceedings," p. 40.)

January 15th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Nathaniel H. Mason, Esq., John E. Mummery, Esq., and E. J.
Shuttleworth, Esq., were elected Fellows.

The Eev. C. A. Johns, E.L.S., exhibited a drawing, and a spe-
cimen in spirit, of the Sjphteria militarise found by him in June
last, growing upon a chrysalis among dead leaves, in Buckley Yale,
Devon.

Mr. "William Matchwick, with the permission of the President,
exhibited specimens of the fruit, and a tracing of the leaf, of
Paulownia imperialis, gathered by him on the 18th ult. in the
neighbourhood of the Champs Elysees, Paris, where the fruit had
ripened in the open air, on a tree about 20 ft. high.

Mr. W. W. Saunders, E.B.S., E.L.S. &c, exhibited several spe-
cimens of a kind of insect- wax, and of several vegetable substances,
collected by Mr. E. "W. Plant in Natal ; and read the following
extract from Mr. Plant's letter relating to them, dated Natal,
15th August 1855 :—

" Loose in the box you will find some berries (Atumber). The
outer covering contains tannin of great strength, and excellent ink
is made of them. The kernel yields oil, but of its quality or
quantity I cannot speak. I have also sent a small parcel of
insect-wax (Gian), which, if it does not compete with that of
China, may have peculiarities of its own worth knowing. It is in
extensive use among the Kaffirs for a very singular purpose.
Every man taking a wife is distinguished by wearing a coronet,

LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. V

formed by twisting the hair on the crown of his head into an oval
ring by means of this wax, which, when finished, has much the
appearance of a ring of india-rubber, and as it is never covered
either from heat or moisture, and the man is never afterwards
without this ornament, the wax must have some very enduring
properties.

" There is also included a sample of three or four kinds of
indigenous medicines. The first is a species of Polygala, which
has been used with success by some of our doctors as a substitute
for the Madix serpentaria of the West. No. 2 is our sarsaparilla.
No. 3 I take to be colocynth. No. 4 is called by the natives
Maundi, and it is from the Amatinga country, where it is held as
a specific for the relief of sun-stroke. No. 5 (Tambesi) is the
tooth-ache plant, known, I believe, on the Cape frontiers. I am
assured by those who have used it, that a piece of the root rubbed
upon the gums will loosen any tooth, so that the vilest may be
removed."

Eead, a " Note on Lepidosiren annectens ;" by Edward New-
man, Esq., E.L.S.

Eead also, a "Note on a supposed species of Pelopaus ;" by
E. Newman, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 39.)

Eead further, " A Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected
by Mr. Wallace in the Malay Peninsula;" by Francis Walker,
Esq., E.L.S. ; with a Preface by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.E.S.,
E.L.S. &c. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 4.)

February 5th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Henry Christy, Esq., and Alexander Goodman More, Esq., were
elected Fellows.

Eead, a "Notice of the habits of Mypus Sulzeri, Latr. ;" by
Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S. &c. ; intended for publication else-
where.

VL PROCEEDINGS OE THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Read also, a " Note on a Fungus found imbedded in the Fens
of Cambridgeshire ;" by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, F.L.S. &c. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," p. 52.)

Eead further, the commencement of a Paper, entitled " Notes
on Loganiacece ;" by Greorge Bentham, Esq., F.L.S. &c. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," p. 53.)

February 19th, 1856.

Eobert Brown, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.

Albert Hambrough, Esq., and the Eev. Charles Popham Miles,
were elected Fellows.

Eead, a " Note on the quantity of Tannin in the Grail of Cynips
Quercus-JPetioli'" by Edward Hart Vinen, Esq., MJX, F.L.S.

Eead also, a " Description of a new species of JPaussus from
Tropical Africa;" by John O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead further, the completion of Mr. Bentham's " Notes on
Loganiacece" the reading of which was commenced at the last
Meeting.

vu

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

RECEIVED FROM JUNE 20, 1855, TO DECEMBER 31, 1855.

[Continued from page 345 of Vol. XXI. of the Society's Transactions.]

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies.

Amsterdam : — Kon. Akademie van "Wetenschappen.
Verhandelingen, deel 2. Amsterdam, 1855, 4to.
Verslagen en Mededeelingen, deel 2, stuk 3, and deel 3,

stuk 1 & 2. lb. 1854-55, 8vo.
Kon. Besluit tot Vorming der Akademie. lb. 1855, 4to.
Catalogus der Boekerij van de Akademie. lste Afl. lb.
1855, 8vo. The Academy.

Batavia : — Bataviaasch Grenootschap van Kunsten en Weten-
schappen.
Verhandelingen, deel 25. Batavia, 1853, 4to.
Tijdschriffc voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Yolkenkunde,
jahrgang 1. lb. 1852-54, 8vo. The Society.

Berlin : —

Konigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Abhandlungen, aus dem Jahre 1854. Berlin, 1855, 4to.
Monatsbericht ; Jan.-Juni 1855. lb. 1855, 8vo.

The Academy.

Verein zur Beforderung des Grartenbaues in den K. Preus-

sischen Staaten. Verhandlungen, Neue Beihe, jahrg. 2,

Juli-Dec. 1854. Berlin, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Bonn : — Naturhistorischer Yerein. Yerhandlungen, jahrg. 1-5,

7-11, & 12, heft 1 & 2. Bonn, 1844-55, 8vo.

The Society.

Vlll ADDITIONS TO THE LIBBABY.

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies (continued),
Boston, U.S. :—

American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Proceedings, vol. 3,
sheets 14-23, 1854-55, 8vo. The Academy.

Society of Natural History. Proceedings, vol. 4, sheets 25
& 26, and vol. 5, sheets 1-11. Boston, 1854-55, 8vo.

The Society.
Brussels : — Aeademie B. des Sciences, &c.

Memoires, tomes 28 & 29. Bruxelles, 1854-55, 4to.
Memoires couronnes, &c. Collection in 8vo : tome 6, ptie 2.

lb. 1855, 8vo.
Bulletins, tome 21, ptie 2, and tome 22, ptie 1. lb. 1854-55,

8vo.
Annuaire. 21 e annee. lb. 1855, 12mo.
Bibliographie Academique ; ou Liste des Ouvrages publies

par les Membres, &c. lb. 1855, 12mo.
Observations des Phenomenes periodiques. 4to.

The Academy.
Copenhagen : — Kong. Danske Yidenskabernes Selskab. Over-
sigt i aar. 1854. Rjobenhavn, 8vo. The Society.

Dublin : — Boyal Irish Academy.

Transactions, vol. 22, part 6. Dublin, 1855, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 6, part 2. lb. 1855, 8vo.

The Academy.
Edinburgh : — Boyal Society.

Transactions, vol. 21, part 2. Edinburgh, 1855, 4to.
Proceedings, no. 45. lb. 1855, 8vo. The Society.

India: — Agricultural and Horticultural Society of. Journal,
vol. 8, part 5. Calcutta, 1854, 8vo.

The Hon. East India Company.

Lausanne : — Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. Bulletin,

no. 33. Lausanne, 1854, 8vo. The Society.

Liverpool : — Literary and Philosophical Society. Proceedings,

no. 9. Liverpool, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

London : —

Art-Union. Eeport of the Council for 1855 ; with a List of
the Members. London, 1855, 8vo.
Almanack for 1856. 12mo. The Abt-Union.

British Association.

Report of the 24th Meeting. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Association.

additions to the libeaey. ix

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies (continued).
London: — British Association (continued').

Beport of the Meeting held in the Council Hall of Glasgow,
Nov. 22, 1855, for concluding the transactions connected
with the recent Meeting of the British Association in
that city. Glasgow, 1855, 8vo.

W. Gouelie, Esq., E.L.S.
British Museum.
i4^/#$"& >i Catalogue of Mammalia, parts 1-^ 4850-52, 12mo.

Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds. 1855,

12mo.
List of Birds, part 2, sect. 1, and 3, sect. 1. 1848-55, 12mo.
Catalogue of Reptiles, parts 2 & 3. 1845-49, 12mo.
Catalogue of Amphibia, part 2. 1850, 12mo.
List of Fish, part 1. 1851, 12mo.

List of Lepidopterous Insects, parts 2 & 3. 1847-48, 12mo.
Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects, part 1. Papilionida?.

1852, 4to.
List of Lepidopterous Insects, parts 1-5. 1854-55, 12mo.
* List of Hymenopterous Insects, part 2. Additions to Chal-
cididse. 1848, 12mo.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects, parts 1-3. 1853-55,
12mo.
_,___ v List of Dipterous Insects, parts 1-4, & 7. 1848-55, 12mo.

List of Homopterous Insects, parts 1-4. 1850-52, 12mo.
List of Hemipterous Insects, parts 1 & 2. 1851-52, 12mo.
Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects, parts 2-6. 1847-

52, 12mo.
Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects, part 7. 1853, 12mo.
\List of the Coleopterous Insects, part 1. 1851, 12mo.
List of Crustacea. 1847, 12mo.
Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects, parts 1-3. 1852-53,

12mo.
Catalogue of Mollusca, parts 2 & 4. 1850-53, 12mo.
Catalogue of Bivalve Mollusca, part 1. 1850, 12mo.
Catalogue of Conchifera, parts 1 & 2. 1853-54, 12mo.
Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells, part 1.

1850, 12mo.
List of Mollusca and Shells, collected, &c, by MM. Eydoux

and Souleyet. 1855, 12mo.
List of Shells of the Canaries. 1854, 12mo.

x additions to the libbary.

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies {continued).
London: — British Mnseum {continued).
List of Shells of Cuba. 1854, 12mo.
List of Shells of South America. 1854, 12mo.
Catalogue of Phaneropneumona. 1852, 12mo.
Catalogue of Pulmonata, part 1. 1855, 12mo.
Catalogue of Entozoa. 1853, 12mo.

List of British Animals, parts 1-7 & 9-16. 1848-54, 12mo.
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera, part 1. Apidae. 1855,

12mo.
Catalogue of Eecent Echinida, part 1. 1855, 12mo.
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa, parts 1 & 2. Cheilostomata.
1852-54, 12mo. The Trustees.

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 3,
parts 5 & 6. London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Geological Society. Quarterly Journal, nos. 43 & 44. London,
1845, 8vo. The Society.

Medical and Chirurgical Society. Transactions, vol. 38.
London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Society. *

Philosophical Transactions, part 2 for 1854, and part 1 for

1855. London, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 13-15. lb. 1855, 8vo.
List of the Members, Nov. 30, 1854. 4to. The Society.
Eoyal Agricultural Society of England. Journal, vol. 16,
part 1. London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 15, parts 1 & 2.
London, 1853-55, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal College of Surgeons. Descriptive and Illustrated
Catalogue of the Histological Series contained in its
Museum, vol. 2. London, 1855, 4to. The College.
Eoyal Institution.

Notices of the Meetings, part 5. London, 1855, 8vo.
List of the Members, &c. ; with the Eeport of the Visitors
for 1854. lb. 1855, 8vo. The Institution.

Society of Arts. Journal, nos. 135-162. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Society.
Zoological Society.

Proceedings, nos. 259-293. London, 1853-55, 8vo.
Eeports of the Council and Auditors, April 30, 1855. lb.
1855, 8vo. The Society.

additions to the library. xi

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (continued).

Malvern Naturalists' Field Club. Transactions, part 1.

Worcester, 1855, 8vo. Edwin Lees, Esq., E.L.S.

Manchester: — Literary and Philosophical Society. Memoirs,

2nd series, vol. 12. London, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Moscow : — Societe Imp. des Naturalistes. Bulletin, tome 26,

nos. 3 & 4, and tome 27, no. 1. Moscou, 1853-54, 8vo.

The Society.
New Orleans : — Academy of Sciences.

Constitution and Bye-laws. New Orleans, 1854, 8vo.
Proceedings, vol. 1, no. 1. 1854, 8vo. The Academy.
Paris : — Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Archives, tome 7, livr. 3
& 4, and tome 8, livr. 1 & 2. Paris, 1855, 4to.

The Administration of the Museum.
Philadelphia : —

Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal, new series, vol. 3, part 1. Philadelphia, 1855, 4to.
Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 2-7. lb. 1854-55, 8vo.

The Academy.
American Philosophical Society. Proceedings, nos. 51 & 52.
1854, 8vo. The Society.

Stockholm : — Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademien.

Handlingar for 1853. Eorra Afdel. Stockholm, 1855, 8vo.
Ofversigt. Arg. 11. lb. 1855, 8vo.
Berattelse om Eramstegen i Insekternas, Myriapodernas,
och Arachnidernas Naturalhistoria for 1851 och 1852 ;
af C. H. Boheman. lb. 1854, 8vo.
Ars-berattelser om Botaniska Arbeten, &c, for 1845-48 ; af
J. E. Wikstrom. Delen 2. lb. 1855, 8vo.

The Academy.
Vienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der "Wissenschaften.

Denkschriften. Mathematisch - naturwissenschaftliche

Classe, band 1-9. Wien, 1850-55, 4to.
Sitzungsberichte. Mathem.-nat. Classe, band 1-15, and

band 16, heft 1. lb. 1848-55, 8vo.
Almanach. Jahrg. 1-5. lb. 1851-55, 8vo.
Jahrbiicher der K. K. Central- Anstalt fur Meteorologie, &c,

von Karl Kreil. Band 3. lb. 1855, 4to.
Sy sterna Helminthum ; auctore C. M. Diesing. voll. 1 & 2.
lb. 1850-51, 8vo.

Xll ADDITIONS TO THE UBEAEY.

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (continued).

Vienna: — Kaiserl. Akademie der "Wissenschaften (continued).
Genera et Species Plantarum Fossilium, auctore F. Unger.

lb. 1850, 8vo.
Versuch einer Geschichte der Pflanzenwelt, von Dr. F.

Unger. lb. 1852, 8vo.
Eecueil d'ltineraires dans la Turquie d' Europe ; par Ami

Boue. Tomes 2. lb. 1854, 8vo.
Vegetations-verhaltnisse von Iglau; von Alois Pokorny.

lb. 1852, 8vo.
Grotten und Hohlen von Adelsberg, Lueg, Planina und
Laas ; von Adolf Schmidl. lb. 1854, 8vo.

Tafeln, oblong 4to. The Academy.

K. K. Geologische Reichsanstalt. Jahrbuch. Jahrg. 5, nos. 3

& 4. Wien, 1854, 8vo. The Institute.

Zoologisch-botanischer Yerein. Verhandlungen, band 3 & 4.

"Wien, 1853-54, 8vo. The Association.

Washington : — Smithsonian Institution.

Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 7. "Washington, 1855,

4to.
Annual Eeports (8 & 9) of the Board of Regents, lb.

1854-55, 8vo.
Report on the Pishes of the New Jersey Coast ; by S. P.

Baird. lb. 1855, 8vo.
Descriptions of new Marine Invertebrata, from the Chinese
and Japanese Seas ; by "William Stimpson. 1855, 8vo.

The Institution.

"Wiirzburg : — Physicalisch-medicinische Gesellschaffc. Verhand-

lingen, band 1-5, and band 6, heft 1. "Wiirzburg, 1850-

55, 8vo. The Society.

Baker (J. G.) Flowering Plants and Ferns of Great Britain.

London, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Bate (C. S.) On the Homologies of the Carapace, and on the

Structure and Functions of the Antennae in Crustacea. London,

1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Bekker (E.) Der Stachel der Lowen an dessen Schweif-ende.

Darmstadt, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Burmeister (H.) Handbuch der Entomologie, band 4, abth. 2.

Berlin, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

additions to the libbaby. xu1

Titles. Donobs.

Burmeister (H.) Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens,

theil 1, and theil 2, heft 1. Berlin, 1854-55, 8vo. The Authoe.
Cullen (W.) Lectures on the Practice of Physic ; digested by

W. Withering, 1768. MS. fol.

Henby Lee, Esq., M.D., F.L.S.
Dana (J. D.) United States Exploring Expedition during the

years 1838-42, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N.,

vol. 13. — Crustacea, parts 1 & 2, 4to (with folio Atlas of

plates). Philadelphia, 1852. The Authoe.

Darwin (C.) Monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia ; with figures

of all the species. — Balanidse, &c. London, 1854, 8vo.

Eichabd Kippist, Libr. L.S.
DeCandolle (A.) Geographie Botanique raisonnee. 2 tomes.

Paris, 1855, 8vo. - The Aijthob.

Dowden (E.) Walks after Wild Flowers ; or the Botany of the

Bohereens. London, 1852, 12mo. The Authoe.

Ellesmere (Earl of) Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the

Geographical Society, May 28, 1855. London, 1855, 8vo.

Dr. Nobton Shaw.
Harvey (W. H.) Manual of the British Algae. London, 1841,

8vo.
Henslow (J. S.) List of British Plants growing wild in the parish

of Hitcham, Suffolk. 1 sheet. The Authoe.

Hooker (J. D.) and Pitch (W. H.) Illustrations of Himalayan

Plants, chiefly selected from drawings made for the late J. F.

Cathcart, Esq. London, 1855, fol. Dr. Hooejeb.

Hooker (J. D.) and Thomson (T.) Flora Indica, vol. 1. London,

1855, 8vo. The Authobs.

Horsfield (T.) Brief Notices of several new or little-known spe-
cies of Mammalia, lately discovered in Nepal by B. H. Hodgson,

Esq. London, 1855, 8vo. The Authoe.

Jekel (H.) Insecta Saundersiana : or Characters of undescribed

Insects in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. — Coleo-

ptera, part 1. London, 1855, 8vo.

W. W. Saundebs, Esq., F.L.S.
Jessen (C. F. G.) Prasiolae, generis Algarum, monographia.

Kiliae, 1848, 4to. The Authoe.

Johnson (C.) and Sowerby (J. E.) Ferns of Great Britain, part 5.

London, 1854, 8vo. * J. E. Soweeby, Esq.

Fern-Allies, parts 1 & 2. London, 1855, 8vo.

J. E. Soweeby, Esq.

xiv additions to the libeaey.

Titles. Donoes.

Jones (J. P.) and Kingston (J. F.) Flora Devoniensis. London,
1829, 8vo. "William Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.

Journals i —

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-

nique. 4eme serie, tome 3. Paris, 1855, 8vo.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2nd series, nos. 91-96.
London, 1855, 8vo.

Richabd Tatloe, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir "W. J. Hooker, K.H., F.E.S.

and L.S. 3rd series, nos. 127-132. London, 1855, 8vo.

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany; edited by

Sir "W. J. Hooker, K.H. Ac. Nos. 78-83. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Publishes, Lovell Reeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Linnsea ; herausgegeben von D.F.L.von Schlechtendal. Band 25,

heft 3-6, and band 26, heft 1 & 6. Halle, 1852-54, 8vo.

The Editoe.
Literary Gazette, nos. 2005-2032. London, 1855, 4to.

The Publishes, Lovell Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Naturalist ; edited by B. R. Morris, Esq., M.D. Nos. 54 & 55.

London, 1855, 8vo. R. Hobson, Esq., M.D.

Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob Bell,

Esq., F.L.S. Nos. 169-174. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Editoe.
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th series,
nos. 62-68. London, 1855, 8vo.

Richaed Tatloe, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Phytolegist : new series, nos. 3-8. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Publishee, W. Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; by Edwin Lan-
kester, M.D., and George Busk, Esq. Nos. 12 & 13. Lon-
don, 1855, 8vo. The Miceoscopical Society.
Zoologist ; edited by Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S. Nos. 153-
158. London, 1855, 8vo. The Editoe.
Kolliker (A.) Ueber den Bau der Cutispapillen und die sogenann-
ten Tastkorperchen R. Wagners. 8vo. The Authoe.

Beitrage zur Anatomie und Physiologie der menschlichen

Retina. Leipzig, 1854, 8vo. The Authoe.

Ueber die letzten Endigungen des Nervus Cochleare, und

die Functionen der Schnecke. Wiirzburg, 1854, 4to.

The Authoe.

additions to the library. xv

Titles. Donors.

Lubbock (J.) On the Freshwater Entomostraca of South America.
(From Trans. Ent. Soc, N.S., vol. 3.) 1855, 8vo.

The Author.
Moore (T.) Thejerns of Great Britain and Ireland ("Nature-
printed"), parts 4-9. London, 1855, fol.

Henry Bradbury, Esq.

Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants, part 12. lb. 1855, 8vo.

The Author.

Miiller (F.) Definitions of rare, or hitherto undescribed Australian

Plants. Melbourne, 1855, 8vo. The Author.

Newman (E.) History of British Ferns (3rd edition). London, 8vo.

The Author.

Quetelet (A.) Sur la Relation entre les Temperatures et la Duree

de la Vegetation des Plantes. (Extr. du Bull. Acad. E. Belg.,

tome 22.) 8vo. The Author.

Eeeve (L.) Oonchologia Iconica, Monographs of the genera

Donax, Lutraria, Mesodesma, Natica, and Patella. London, 4to.

The Author.
Sowerby (G. B.) Thesaurus Conchyliorum, part 16. London,

1855, 8vo.

Spengler (L.) On the Effects of the Thermal Waters of Ems.

London, 1854, 12mo. The Author.

Stainton (H. T.) Ed.— The Entomologist's Annual for 1856.

London, 1855, 8vo. The Editor.

Stainton (H. T.), Zeller (Prof.), and Douglas (J. W.) Natural

History of the Tineina, vol. 1. London, 1855, 8vo.

H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Ville (G.) Eecherches experimentales sur la Vegetation. Paris,

1855, 8vo. The Author.

Weddell (H. A.) Sur les Cystolithes; ou Concretions calcaires

des Urticees, &c. 8vo. The Author.

DONATIONS

TO THE

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

Exclusive of Presents of single Specimens of Animals, Plants, &c.

[Continued from page 352 of Vol. XXI. of the Society's Transactions.]

Donations. Donors.

Photographs, by Mr. Grlaisher, of ten species of British Ferns.

Edwaed Newman, Esq., F.L.S.

Coloured Drawings (sixty-three), by native artists, of Indian
Animals and Plants, prepared for the late Sir Elijah Impey.
Mrs. Saeah Impet, through Sir Peobt T. Cautley, C.B., F.L.S.

Specimens of the male and female Katepo, or poisonous Spider of
New Zealand ; together with their Nest, and Microscopic Pre-
parations of the Skin ; the Tongue of a species of Chiton ; and
a remarkable Cocoon and Grail found on two species of Euca-
lyptus at Melbourne. T. S. Ealph, Esq., A.L.S.

An extensive Collection of Dried Plants (consisting of about 800
species), formed in the Upper Himalaya and Tibet, by J. D.
Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E. & L.S., and Thomas Thomson, Esq.,
M.D., E.B. & L.S. Drs. Hooe^je and Thomson.

Dried Specimens of above 200 species of Plants ; collected, chiefly
in the Australian Alps, by Dr. Ferdinand Muller.

Dr. F. Mullee.

Twenty-five species of Chamwlauciece, new to the Society's Herba-
rium, collected by Mr. James Drummond, A.L.S., during a
Journey to the North of Swan Biver, "W. Australia, in 1850-51.
W. "W. Satindees, Esq., F.B. & L.S.

A Fruit of Lttffa cegyptiaca with the pulp washed out, — part of a
cargo imported from the "West Indies for paper-making ; and an
abnormal Stem of Asparagus, 1\ inch wide.

J. O. "Westwood, Esq., F.L.S.

Dried Specimens of Anemone Coronaria, Anemone ranunculoides,
Cer otocephalus falcatus, Rhododendron ferrugineum, and Cypri-
pedium Calceolus, from Switzerland, &c.

T. C. Janson ; Esq., F.L.S.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XVU

March 4th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Eead, a " Note on some Larvae voided by Children," by Edward
Newman, Esq., F.L.S.

Eead also, a " Notice on the occurrence of Sepia biserialis in
Cornwall," by Jonathan Couch, Esq., F.L.S. (See "Zoological
Proceedings," p. 99.)

Bead further, a Memoir " On the Development of the Ovule of
Santalim album, with some remarks on the phenomena of impreg-
nation in Plants generally," by Arthur Henfrey, Esq., F.B.S.,
F.L.S. &c. (See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 69.)

March 18th, 1856.

W. Yarrell, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.

Henry Adams, Esq., was elected a Fellow.

Mr. Longmulr, jun., exhibited a photograph oiNumenius borealis,
shot in Kincardineshire in September last.

Eead, " Eemarks on the Influence of the Sexual Organ in mo-
difying external characters in Animals," by "William Yarrell, Esq ,
V.P.L.S. &c. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 76.)

Eead also, a Paper entitled " Eemarks on the covering of the
Seed in Clusiacece, Magnoliacece, &c, and on the development of
the raphe in general;" by John Miers, Esq., F.E.S., F.L.S. &c.
(See " Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 81.)

April 1st, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

James Alexander Brewer, Esq., and Thomas Hawkes Tanner,
Esq., M.D., were elected Fellows.

Eead, a " Note on the recent Discoveries in regard to the
Microgonidia of Freshwater Algae ;" by the Eev. M. J. Berkeley,
M.A., F.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 145.)

Eead also, a " Note on some collections of Arctic Plants, chiefly
made by Dr. Lyall, Dr. Anderson, Herr Miertsching, and Mr. Eae,
during the Expeditions in search of Sir John Franklin ;" by J. D.

Linn. Proc b

Xviii PEOCEEDINGS OE THE

Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S. Ac. (See " Botanical Pro-
ceedings," p. 114.)

Bead further, a Paper " On the Botany of Eaoul Island, one of
the Kermadec Group, in the South Pacific Ocean;" by J. D.
Hooker, Esq., M.D., E.E.S., E.L.S. &c. (See "Botanical Pro-
ceedings," p. 125.)

April 15th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Erederick Currey, Esq., M.A., was elected a Eellow.

Eead, an Extract of a Letter from E. Spruce, Esq., addressed to
G. Bentham, Esq., E.L.S., giving an account of Tarapota in Peru,
from whence the Letter is dated, and of its vegetation.

Eead also, a " Note on Oholaria Virginica, L. ; by Asa Gray,
M.D., E.M.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 129.)

Eead also, a " Note on the Chinese Insect-wax," by Daniel
Hanbury, Esq., E.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," p. 103.)

Eead also, a " Note on "Wax-producing Insects from Port Natal
and China," by J. O. Westwood, Esq., E.L.S. &c. (See " Zoolo-
gical Proceedings," p. 103.)

Eead further, the Commencement of a Memoir " On several
instances of the anomalous development of the Eaphe in Seeds,
and the probable causes of such deviations from the usual course
of structure, especially in reference to Stemonurus (Urcmdra of
Thwaites);" by John Miers, Esq., E.E.S., E.L.S. &c. (See
" Transactions," vol. xxii. p. 97.)

May 6th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

John Samuel Gaskoin, Esq., E.L.S., exhibited some of the so-
called " Jumping-seeds," described by Sir W. J. Hooker and J. O.
Westwood, Esq., in the " Kew Journal of Botany ;" the motion of
which is due to the larva of a small insect enclosed in the seed.

Eead, a Paper " On the Action of Sea- water on the Germination
of Seeds;" by Charles Darwin, Esq., E.E.S., E.L.S. &c. (See
" Botanical Proceedings," p. 130.)

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIX

Bead also, a Note " On the Vitality of Seeds after prolonged
submersion in the Sea ;" by S. James A. Salter, Esq., M.B. Lond.,
F.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical Proceedings," p. 140.)

. Bead further, a Paper " On the Homopterous Insects of Sin-
gapore and Malacca ;" by Francis "Walker, Esq., F.L.S. &c. (See
"Zoological Proceedings," p. 82.)

May 24th, 1856.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

This day, the Anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus, and that
appointed by the Charter for the Election of Council and Officers,
the President opened the business of the Meeting with the fol-
lowing Address : —

Gentlemen,
In reviewing the events of the past year, in connexion with the
objects of the Linnean Society, there are, perhaps, few striking
facts to record of particular interest to the Society itself, or bear-
ing, in any marked degree, upon the advance of Natural History
in general. There has been no very important discovery enunci-
ated, of a character to impugn former theories or systems, or to
establish new ones ; no new foundation or institution inaugurated,
by which Natural Science will be materially extended or diffused.
But, on the other hand, the general progress of this branch of
knowledge has been steadily going on ; and, if the year which has
elapsed since I last addressed you may not hereafter constitute
one of those bright, red-letter periods which will live in history as
the turning-point of some important department of discovery, yet
the accumulation of new facts, tending to the elucidation of various
doubtful questions, and the settlement of previously debated
theories, will be found sufficient at least to preclude any feeling
of dissatisfaction or disappointment. Within our own sphere, I
may appeal to the numerous valuable papers which have been
read at our meetings, and have already been, or are about to be,
published in our Transactions and Proceedings, and to the con-
tinued, perhaps I may say the increased interest of our meetings —
to show that our energies are at least undiminished ; and our
efficacy, as the principal medium of the advancement of natural
science in this country, unimpaired. The general appreciation of
the character of the Society in this point of view, is evidenced by

12

XX PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the almost unprecedented number of naturalists who have been
enrolled in our list of Fellows during the present session, — amount-
ng to no fewer than 20, — besides those whose certificates are still
suspended.

It is with much regret and sorrow that I turn to the painful
side of the account, and find it my duty to refer to the annual
diminution of our numbers by death, besides several who have,
from various causes, withdrawn from us ; but although there were
many, amongst those who have been removed from us by the
inevitable fate of man, whose loss as good men and most valuable
members of society, and some of them ardent cultivators of natural
science, we must deeply deplore, — and I have myself to mourn the
loss of one who was the constant and faithful friend of nearly fifty
years, — yet few of those of whom we have been thus deprived had
occupied a conspicuous place in the scientific world, or contributed
in particular to our own Transactions, or taken any active part in
the affairs of the Society.

At the last anniversary I had the pleasure of announcing to you,
that the Council had unanimously resolved upon a modification of
your publications, which should afford the opportunity of a more
extensive and more speedy issue of such papers, read at your
meetings, as might not require to appear in the quarto form of your
Transactions. This resolution has now been carried into effect, as
far as the brief period which has since elapsed has permitted. It
would be premature as yet to declare, that all the anticipations
of advantage from this design have been realized. It will require
at least another year to ascertain its full results, and whether the
present plan shall be exactly followed, or whether any modification
of it may prove desirable. I may, however, be permitted even
now. to state, that I have not heard one word of dissatisfaction
expressed by any one ; but, on the contrary, I have received from
many quarters the assurance of the cordial welcome with which
the new publication has been received, and of the general approval
of the form in which it has been issued. The only condition with
which I have heard this approval connected is, that the quarto
Transactions should never be infringed upon byits humbler and less
pretentious handmaid. I need not say, that in this view I most
heartily concur ; nor could I feel the satisfaction which I now do
at the present working and future prospects of the Journal of our
Proceedings, did I not confidently expect that it will not interfere
with the regular appearance, or diminish the value and importance
of those Transactions, which have been so long identified with the

LINNEA.N SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXI

Society, and to which its past and present prestige has been so
mainly due. There will, I sincerely believe, be material enough
for both forms. Papers of great value will, I doubt not, continue
to be communicated, of a nature which requires speedy publication,
without the necessity of quarto illustrations. Exclusive of these
two considerations, however, it must be confessed that there is
some difficulty in laying down any very definite rule as to the
nature of those papers requiring each particular form of publica-
tion respectively, and it must be left to the consideration of the
Council to determine the question in the case of each individual
paper. With all these difficulties, the circumstance of bringing
home to every Fellow of the Society, within reach of the post,
an important portion of our Transactions, at stated and not
distant periods, without trouble or expense to the recipients, has
hitherto been most satisfactory, and will, I am confident, tend,
when the system is rendered fully effective by experience and
habit, to increase the numbers and importance of the Society, by
bringing into our ranks many zealous cultivators of natural history,
who, from their remote residence, would not otherwise have been
induced to join us. "With regard to one element of the plan, the
sale of the Journal out of the Society, I have to state, that com-
paratively few of the separate parts of Zoology and Botany have
been disposed of; the sale of the entire work has been somewhat
greater.

I cannot take leave of this subject without adverting to the
effective manner in which the new scheme has been commenced.
For this, and for innumerable other good offices, — I may say, for
the general conduct of the affairs of the Society, — we are deeply
indebted to the talent, the devoted zeal, and the disinterested
labours of our excellent and esteemed Secretary. I cannot, in his
presence, enlarge on the obligations which we are constantly and
unceasingly under to Mr. Bennett. It would, I know, be painful
to him, and you are all too well acquainted with his great services,
— requited only by his own sense of usefulness, and by our grati-
tude, which I know he values, — to require that they should be
dwelt upon by me.

It is with much pleasure also, and with sincere acknowledgement,
that I feel called on to advert to the able and cheerful manner
in which he has been seconded in this work by Mr. Kippist.
Without such zeal and ability it would* have been impossible to
have commenced and carried out a new and untried plan such
as this.

XX11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

The only drawback to the satisfaction which we must feel at the
utility and advantages on which I have been dwelling, is the con-
siderable expense which, in its outset, must necessarily be in-
curred ; and on this subject I cannot but observe, that without
some such relief from our present expenditure as we have been
hopefully anticipating, from a prospect of house-accommodation to
which I shall presently more particularly ask your attention, I
cannot see how the expenses of the Journal are to be met, unless
the advantages which its free distribution involves should prove a
sufficient stimulus to many naturalists to enter the Society. I
have, however, one circumstance to state, which is, so far as it
goes, encouraging, and that is, that when the whole expenses of
the Journal, as far as it is now published, are paid, the balance of
our annual receipts and expenditure, small though it be, is in
favour of the Society.

This result was not, I believe, anticipated ; on the contrary,
it was fully expected that we should have had to call for ex-
tensive assistance for the issue of even the first part. I should
not, perhaps, have thought it necessary to advert at all to the state
of the finances but for this circumstance, as the statement of the
income and expenditure is now before you ; but as I have referred
to the subject, I cannot but congratulate the Society upon the
favourable results of the audit, and especially on the large sum
which appears in the item of admission-fees, and the small com-
parative number of new compositions. The latter source of in-
come has a good temporary appearance on our books ; but when
it is recollected that the average term of membership is thirty-six
years, the annual subscription is obviously the more advantageous
to the Society.

I have sometimes thought, that, constituted as we are, and with
aims and objects so noble, we have perhaps too much restricted
our labours to the conventional routine of our meetings and the
publication of our Transactions. I hope I shall not be misunder-
stood here. I should be the last to ask for, or to sanction any,
even the slightest encroachment upon those long and wisely
established means* of carrying out our objects. But there may be
other methods of usefulness, by which our sphere of operation
may be enlarged, by more extensive association with the outer
world, if I may so speak, and by becoming the centre of the
interests of Natural History throughout the country. And on re-
flecting upon the various directions in which the Linnean Society

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XX1U

may thus legitimately exercise its influence, there is one which
appears to me at the present moment deserving of some con-
sideration.

When the Society was first instituted, its objects, as you will
find them expressly stated in our Charter, were " for the cultiva-
tion of the science of Natural History in all its branches, and
more especially of the Natural History of Great Britain and
Ireland." Now, although it is very certain that the publication
of numerous periodical works, having this particular design in
view, has rendered it less necessary for the Society to expend its
resources upon the mere local Elora and Eauna of various districts
of our own country, whilst the rapid advance of zoological and
botanical science has rendered the prosecution of the higher
branches our primary aim, — and I need only appeal to our publi-
cations to show the extent to which this purpose has been, and
still continues to be, carried out, — it has occurred to me that in
one particular, hitherto unattempted, we may, without entrench-
ing upon our higher duties, assist materially in increasing and
extending the knowledge of the natural products of the country.

It was the observation of the most accomplished and fascinating
writer on local natural history that England has ever seen, that if
the natural productions of each district had their local historian,
our knowledge of the natural history of the country would
become more perfect than by any other means; and every one
knows how beautifully and how perfectly the author of that sen-
timent carried it into practice. It is indeed the only means by
which this end can be obtained ; and it is therefore with much
pleasure that I advert to the numerous local institutions, now
springing up in various directions, in some instances in connexion
with mechanics' institutes, with schools, or other establishments
for the education or instruction of the middle classes, the principal
design of which is to allocate in a provincial museum the natural
products of the county or of a more circumscribed district, and
frequently associated with a collection of local antiquities. I have
thought it might be useful to point out some circumstances which
would conduce to the proper design of such institutions, and at
the same time render them the means of greatly extending our
acquaintance with indigenous zoology and botany. The primary
object then of these institutions should be the collection and pre-
servation of the animals, plants, and palaeontological specimens
which are found m jfche district ; and to this should be added a
full and accurate record of their habitats and of any other inter-

XXIV PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

esting circumstances connected with them, whether of soil, of
geological position, of meteorological phenomena, the period of
the year when obtained, peculiarities in their habits, and in short
any facts which may bear upon their history. If in addition to
this first consideration it happens that instruction is to be given,
by lectures or other means, in the study of Natural History gene-
rally, a typical collection may be added, which should be con-
sidered as entirely distinct from the local one, and as having a
totally different object. Upon this, however, it is not my purpose
to dwell at present, further than to call attention to the plan
which has been so energetically and intelligently carried out by
my friend Professor Henslow, whose exertions in this behalf are
already well known and appreciated. I would refer particularly
to the Ipswich Museum as a practical example of what may be
done in this respect, and to the lists which Mr. Henslow has
furnished to the British Association, and which are probably now
before you. — To recur to the local collections. My friend Pro-
fessor Phillips, in a recent address to the Malvern Field-Natural-
ists*' Club, alluding to the formation of such a museum, has very
strongly, and with great propriety urged the rejection, by an
absolute rule, of all offers of specimens excepting such as are con-
nected with the locality. The consequence of the neglect of this
salutary caution is the accumulation of masses of specimens from
all parts of the world, many of which might be available if suitably
placed, but are a mere useless incumbrance in a local museum.
They not only occupy space which might be more beneficially
employed, but they take off the attention and waste the time of
those who resort to the museum for information, and of those
whose duty it is to take care of the contents and keep the records.
Now, it has appeared to me that in many instances the utility
of such collections might be extended beyond the bounds of the
locality in which they are placed, by the communication to the
Linnean Society (by reports either periodical or at indefinite
times) of their new acquisitions, or of the observations recorded
by the curators or naturalists respectively attached to them in the
manner which I have before recommended. These, or selections
from them, might be printed, when considered of sufficient value,
in our Journal ; and thus many an interesting fact would be per-
manently recorded and made universally known, which would
otherwise be lost ; and great encouragement would be held out to
many a young naturalist in the country, by being placed in such
a relation to this Society.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

A circumstance has recently occurred in reference to the most
important and interesting portion of our property, the Linnean
Collections, of which I think it may be agreeable to you to be
informed. It was proposed in the Council that a Committee
should be appointed to examine into the present condition of
those collections, — as to what they respectively consist of, — where
they are now respectively deposited, — in what state they now are,
and whether any suggestions may occur to the Committee with
reference to their preservation and exhibition to the Fellows of
the Society and the visitors. The Committee consisted of the
President, the Secretary, Mr. Bentham, and Mr. "Wilson Saunders,
and they afterwards obtained the assistance of Mr. Hanley with
reference to the Shells, and of Mr. Tarrell to the Pishes.

It has appeared to me that this subject was a perfectly legiti-
mate one to form an element in my address, as it cannot but be
very interesting to all who have the character of the Society at
heart, and are anxious for the preservation and proper use of the
invaluable collections in question. Instead, therefore, of merely
embodying in my address a brief abstract of the acts of the Com-
mittee, as I at first intended, I will, with your permission, read
the Eeport which they delivered to the Council, in extenso.

" Report presented to the Council, May 6, 1856.

" The Committee of Council, consisting of the President, Mr.
Bentham, Mr. Wilson Saunders, and the Secretary, appointed on
the 1st of April, 1856, ' to examine the Books, Manuscripts and
Collections, forming the Library and Museum of Linnaeus, and
to report to the Council

" ' What they respectively consist of,

" \ Where they are now respectively deposited,

" ' In what state they are respectively, and

" ' Whether any suggestions may occur to the Committee with
reference to their preservation and exhibition to the Fellows of
the Society and Visitors,' report as follows : —

" The Committee have held several meetings, viz. on the 7th,
10th and 15th of April, and on the 1st of May, and carefully
examined into the several matters referred to them. The result
of their investigations may best be stated under the general heads
of Books, Manuscripts, Plants, Insects, Shells, Fishes, and Mis-
cellaneous Zoological Specimens. *

"1. Boohs.

" The Books are for the most part placed on the shelves of the

XXVI PBOCEEDINGS OF THE

General Library of the Society. They are all marked iu the hand
of the late Sir James Edward Smith as derived ' E Bibliotheca
Linnaei propria.' There is no separate catalogue of them ; but
they are entered in the General Catalogue of the Library, with
the exception of a few miscellaneous volumes not relating to
natural history, chiefly medical theses.

" The remaining portion of the Books, which must be regarded as
the most important, as containing MS. notes by Linnaeus himself,
and as connected with his Herbarium and other collections, are
contained in a case placed in the meeting-room near the Linnean
Herbarium.

" The Committee consider it to be highly desirable that the
Natural-History Library of Linnaeus should be separated from the
rest of the Society's books :

" That a list should be made of the volumes so separated :

" That for the future these volumes be not lent out to the Fel-
lows without the special permission of the Council.

" 2. Manuscripts.

" The Manuscripts are contained in a large chest in the south-
western room of the second floor of the Society's house, and are
in an excellent state of preservation. They are at present tied
up in bundles ; but the Committee consider it desirable that, when
the Society is able to afford it, the correspondence should be
mounted on guards and bound in volumes.

"3. Plants.

" The Herbarium is contained in three upright narrow cabinets
formerly belonging to Linnaeus, and in which it has remained up
to the present time : these cabinets are placed in the meeting-
room of the Society. The plants are in excellent condition, and
well protected in conformity with directions given by the Council
on the recommendation of a committee in 1836. The Committee
recommend that these cabinets should be conspicuously distin-
guished by means of a framework or in some other way.

" 4. Insects.

" The Insects are in a good and secure cabinet placed in the
south-western room of the second floor, and are in an excellent
state of preservation. While in the possession of the first Pre-
sident of the Society, the late Sir J. E. Smith, a number of addi-
tional insects were incorporated with those of Linnaeus ; and the

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXvii

Committee recommend that, as soon as the opportunity offers, these
insects be separated from the Linnean, and the two collections be
arranged in distinct parts of the cabinet.

"5. Shells.

" In the examination of the collection of Shells the Committee
requested and obtained the valuable assistance of Mr. Hanley.

" The Shells are contained in a distinct cabinet placed in the same
room with the manuscripts and insects. The Committee regret to
state that serious injury has resulted to the Linnean collection of
shells from the careless mode in which they have been occasionally
referred to by visitors, and from the attempt of a former sub-
curator to arrange them according to a modern method. Many of
the specimens have thus been displaced from their original recep-
tacles, and other difficulties have been created to the complete
identification of the Linnean species, and their discrimination
from the specimens added by Sir J. E. Smith.

" On Mr. Hanley' s recommendation, the Committee resolved
that it is highly desirable

" That the Linnean collection should, as far as possible, be se-
parated from the specimens subsequently added :

" That all the specimens which can be undoubtedly identified
as Linnean should be attached to boards with the Linnean name
added, and any useful memoranda relating to them.

" Mr. Hanley kindly offered his assistance in carrying out these
recommendations, and stated it as his opinion that the present
cabinet would be sufficient for the purpose, and that very little
expense would be incurred.

" 6. Fishes.

" With the valuable assistance of Mr. Yarrell, who consented to
join the Committee for the purpose, the Committee proceeded to
examine the collection of Fishes, which are at present contained in
the drawers of a cabinet in the large south attic, and consist of
half-skins pasted upon paper, and generally in fair condition.
Many of these undoubtedly belonged to Linnaeus ; some appear
to have formed part of the collections of his son ; and others were
probably added by Sir J. E. Smith.

" Mr. Yarrell recommended that they should be pasted on card-
board in such a manner as to retain all the original papers and
the writing upon them ; and the Committee resolved

" That it be recommended to the Council to accept the kind
offer of Mr. Yarrell to superintend the operation :

XXV111 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

" That the specimens when so laid down be systematically ar-
ranged, and placed in drawers in a more easily accessible situation.

" 7. Miscellaneous Zoological Specimens.

" These chiefly consist of a few Reptiles and Crustacea, contained
in some of the drawers of the shell-cabinet, or in those of the
cabinet of the large attic, which the President undertook to exa-
mine, and to separate whatever can be identified as Linnean.

" While examining the miscellaneous specimens in the south
attic, the Committee observed several bundles of Swedish acade-
mical announcements, and anatomical and other dissertations not
immediately connected with natural history. They recommend
that these parcels be securely placed in brown-paper covers,
labelled with a general statement of their contents. Twelve
copies of Broussonnet's ' Descriptiones et Icones Piscium,' which
are duplicates to the Library, are recommended to be sold.

"In the Linnean shell-cabinet the Committee find a large
number of bad or injured specimens of Lichens on Stones, chiefly
British, and forming no part of the Linnean Collection. These
appear to be utterly worthless, and the Committee recommend
that they be thrown away."

It cannot but be most gratifying to learn that these collections,
to which so peculiar a value attaches, should have been found by
the Committee in so perfect a state. It was indeed far beyond
the expectations of those who were deputed to examine them.

I have now, Gentlemen, to call your attention to a matter to
which I have already alluded, and which, if our present anticipa-
tions are fulfilled, must be productive of the most advantageous
results to this Society, and I may add, ultimately to the advance
of natural knowledge in this country. You are all too well aware
that, while other Societies formed for the cultivation of various
branches of science, the Royal, the Geological, the Astronomical,
and the Geographical Societies, had received, one after another,
the substantial support of the Government, in having commodious
apartments assigned to them, — three of them being located in that
great central official building, Somerset House, — -the Linnean
Society, the representative of the natural-history sciences in this
country, the oldest offspring of the great parent of British science,
and certainly not the least useful and important of such bodies,
remained unaided and unsanctioned by the authorities of the
Government, dependent wholly upon its own resources, shackled

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. XXIX

and crippled by the expenses of rent and other requirements, from
which others were exempt. It is not necessary for me now to
inquire into the causes of this neglect. It were vain now to search
for the occasion of the remarkable fact, that while we had for our
Presidents in succession, a noble Duke of great Parliamentary
influence — another noble Lord, whose connexions have been closely
associated with the Government at various times — a venerable
Prelate, the brother of a cabinet minister, — no favourable reply
could be obtained to our applications for house-accommodation.
Such, however, was the case ; and we were obliged to toil on,
encumbered with a debt, incurred, not by foolish or unnecessary
extravagance, but by the acquisition of a priceless library and col-
lection of natural objects, by which circumstance we became the
depositary of a sacred and most interesting trust, and while others
were, so to speak, basking in the sunshine of official favour, we
were thrown upon our own curtailed and inadequate resources.
But, Gentlemen, we have no reason to despond. What we have
done, we have done for ourselves ; and we may well look with
complacency upon our acquisitions, upon our publications, upon
our acknowledged usefulness, and upon the character we hold in
this and in every other country where natural knowledge is culti-
vated, and feel an honest pride in the reflection that we have done
all this unpatronized and unassisted.

Affairs were in this anomalous position when, some years since,
a scheme, emanating from several Fellows of the Royal Society,
and Members of the Philosophical Club of that Society, was pro-
posed and repeatedly discussed at the meetings of the Club, the
object of which was to bring about the juxtaposition of scientific
Societies, in some commodious and suitable building, worthy of
British science, to be provided by the country for that purpose.
The only principle upon which such a design could either with
justice or with any probability of success be carried out is, juxta-
position, but with separate property and independent action — and
this was the principle which I have always advocated, and the
only one to which my humble sanction could ever have been given.

Such was the object of a movement which, after many alterna-
tions of energy and repose, has at length obtained a partial recog-
nition of the great principle which it was its object to promote.
It would be taking up your time unnecessarily were I to retrace
all the intermediate steps which have <been taken, and the varying
phases which the question has assumed. I would however state,
that the deputation which waited upon Lord Aberdeen, when his

XXX PROCEEDINGS OF THE

lordship was Prime Minister, received from him the assurance of
his entire concurrence in the object ; and on the particular claims
of the Linnean Society being strongly brought before him, he at
once acknowledged the justice of those claims, and the anomalous
nature of our position. From this time the object of the move-
ment assumed a more definite form ; and as it would be impossible
to obtain separate accommodation in any one building for all the
Societies which profess to cultivate every minor branch of science,
the claims were limited to those chartered Societies which might be
considered as representing the larger departments of scientific
research. "Within this category would be included the Royal, the
Linnean, the Geological, the Astronomical, and the Chemical
Societies, This definite object was very strongly urged upon the
late Sir "William Molesworth, at an interview with which we were
favoured by him, and his parting words were, " "Well ! it appears
quite clear that those five Societies ought to be accommodated" —
and yet, a few days afterwards, in the House of Commons, that
gentleman stated, in answer to a question put to him, that it was
only those Societies which were located in Somerset House which
were to be provided for. And this has, up to nearly the present
moment, been the difficulty. Science has not been generally
recognized for its own sake, but only as its accommodation could
be provided for at the least possible expense or trouble to the
Government, and for the sake of obtaining possession of the
apartments occupied by the Societies in Somerset House. Here
then the Linneans were again ignored !

At length it was announced that Burlington House was pur-
chased by the Government for the express purpose of affording
ample accommodation to science and literature, within the walls of
one great building. A deputation then waited upon Lord Palmer-
ston, who readily recognized the claims of the five Societies ; and
without pledging himself to any final adjustment of the question,
expressed with his usual urbanity his general concurrence with
the principle urged by the deputation.

From some cause or other which I have never fully understood,
the Royal Society, upon whose agency the rest of the Societies
depended, failed to press their advantage, and the University op
London not only applied successfully for the accommodation which
had been promised to the scientific Societies, but actually took
and still holds possession of a portion of the house. But more
recently a strong representation was made by Lord Wrottesley to
the Government on the part of the five Societies, and a meeting

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXI

was held at the rooms of the Eoyal Society of the representatives
of those bodies. A letter was there read from Mr. Wilson, the
Secretary to the Treasury, in reply to that of Lord Wrottesley,
but again recognizing only the Societies which are located in
Somerset House, and appointing a meeting of their representatives
at the Treasury. I must here inform you, that since the eastern
detached wing of Burlington House has been occupied by the
University, there is only room for three Societies, at the most, in
the main building and the western wing. To the surprise of the
gentlemen present, Mr. "Wilson assured them that the Govern-
ment did not wish to turn them out of Somerset House, where
they might still remain if they preferred it. Accordingly the
Society of Antiquaries, the Geological, and the Astronomical
Societies expressed their desire to remain as they were, and the
Eoyal only expressed their readiness to move into the new
quarters. I considered it my duty to inform your Council of
these circumstances, and as the events were now following each
other too rapidly for me to communicate every successive step to
them, and receive their sanction, they came to a resolution, — " That
it is the opinion of the Council that it is highly desirable to obtain
rooms in Burlington House, and that the President be requested
to take such steps as may appear to him best calculated to secure
that object." I accordingly acted upon this resolution. On
receiving immediately afterwards an intimation that the officers of
the Eoyal Society had a fresh appointment to meet Mr. Wilson,
and wished to know whether the Linnean Society and the Che-
mical Society would be ready to accept apartments in Burlington
House with the Eoyal, I immediately sought an interview with
the President of the Chemical Society, who I found had received
a similar carte blanche from his Council to that with which I had
been favoured, and we sent in our cordial acquiescence in the
proposed union.

I have now, Gentlemen, merely to record so much of the result
of the interview between Lord Wrottesley the President, Col.
Sabine the Treasurer, and Dr. Sharpey the Senior Secretary of the
Eoyal Society, with Mr. Wilson, as bears upon our prospects. I
am not at liberty, as I conceive, to say more than was communi-
cated to me in the presence of others ; and this simply amounts to
the statement on the part of the officers of the Eoyal Society that
the Linnean and Chemical Societies were most willing to accom-
pany the Eoyal to Burlington House, and the distinct expression
of Mr. Wilson's readiness to accede to this arrangement. I have
waited, as you will readily believe, with intense anxiety for a com-

XXX11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

muiiication from Lord Wrottesley, to the effect that the Treasury
minute has been passed, recognizing and confirming Mr. Wilson's
expressed accordance with our desire.

I had last evening completed writing this address, when
Dr. Sharpey, the Secretary of the Eoyal Society, called upon me
from Lord Wrottesley, bringing with him the official Treasury
minute, which I shall have the extreme satisfaction of reading to
you, confirming the appropriation of Burlington House to the
Royal Society, on condition of their providing suitable accommo-
dation for the Linnean and Chemical Societies. You will find one
or two points mentioned which will require some explanation, and
this I shall be enabled to give you.

" Treasury Chambers, May 22, 1856.

" My Loed, — I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury to acquaint your Lordship, with reference to
the views set forth in your letter to the Duke of Argyle on the
30th ult., which has been laid before the Board, that Her
Majesty's Government are not at present in a position to enable
them to state any definite views with respect to the project for
the juxtaposition of the principal scientific Societies in a" building
to be erected in a convenient and central locality. I have to state
that their Lordships are, however, prepared so far to concede to
the views advanced by your Lordship on behalf of a large number
of persons connected with Science, as to allow the temporary
location of the Linnean and Chemical Societies in conjunction
with the Eoyal Society in the present building of Burlington
House, on the following conditions, viz. : —

" 1st. That the removal of the Eoyal Society from Somerset
House shall not prejudice the position of the other Societies
located in that building, in regard to the terms on which they are
permitted to occupy their present apartments.

" 2ndly. That the Eoyal Society shall be put in possession of the
main building of Burlington House, on the understanding that
they will, in communication with the Linnean and Chemical
Societies, assign suitable accommodation therein for those bodies.

" 3rdly. A common library to be formed for the use of the three
Societies, on the understanding that suitable arrangements shall
be made for the admission thereto, for the purposes of reference
and study, of men of letters and science, on orders given by Fellows
of the three Societies.

" 4thly. The Societies to be allowed the use of the Hall, which it
is proposed to construct in the west wing of Burlington House,
at such times as it may not be required by the Senate of the Uni-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXX1U

versity of London, it being distinctly understood that this permis-
sion is to be so exercised as not in any way to interfere with the
convenience of the University.

"Sthly. The collection of portraits belonging to the Eoyal Society
to be hung on the walls of the proposed Hall, and to be open to
the inspection of the public under such regulations as may be
convenient, and subject especially to the provisions in the previous
clause.

" 6thly. That the adoption of this temporary arrangement shall
not in any respect be held to weaken the claims of the Royal
Society to permanent accommodation.

" I have the honour to be, &c. &c,

(Signed) " James Wilson,"
" To the President of the Royal Society.'"

The points in this letter to which I have alluded as requiring
explanation, are the temporary character of the occupation, and
the union of the libraries. With respect to the first, nothing
more is intended than that, upon the completion of the larger
building, which is as yet only contemplated, our Society, in com-
mon with others engaged in the pursuits of science, will have
ample accommodation in that building. The intention of the
passage which refers to the union of the libraries is understood to
be the admission to each library, for the purposes of consultation
and perusal, of all the Members of the three Societies ; the privi-
lege of borrowing the books being restricted, as at present, to the
Members of the Society to which the books respectively belong.

I cannot take leave of this subject and close my address without
expressing my sense of the sincerity and earnestness with which
the authorities of the Royal Society have advocated our cause, and
the anxious desire they have expressed to commence with us the
practical development of the great principle of juxtaposition. To
us the success of the present effort is all-important. The immu-
nity from rent, the close association with our brethren in scientific
pursuits, the approximation of our libraries, and, let me add, the
prestige attached to such a locality, must act as a powerful aid to
our already growing prosperity, and enable us to carry out, unen-
cumbered, our great mission, — the advancement of natural science,
with all its advantages, the amelioration of the condition of man,
the elevation of his character, intellectual' and moral, and especially
the promotion of the glory of the Creator, by extending the know-
ledge of his works.

Linn. Pboc. c

XXXIV PROCEEDINGS OE THE

OBITTIAEY NOTICES.

The Secretary then proceeded to read the following obituary-
notices of deceased Fellows : —

John Adamson, Esq., F.S.A., F.E. G.S. Sfc., was descended from
a family of respectability in the county of Durham. His father,
Cuthbert Adamson, in 1773, accompanied the Hon. Capt. Phipps
as second Lieutenant of the Racehorse, in his celebrated Yoyage of
Discovery towards the North Pole ; and was afterwards stationed
at Newcastle in charge of the impress service of that port. Mr.
Adamson was born in Gateshead on the 13th of September 1787,
and after receiving his education at the Grammar School of New-
castle, was sent to Lisbon, where his elder brother had been for
some time established in business as a merchant. The unsettled
aspect of public affairs, however, induced him to return to England,
and completely altered his views in life. He was soon after ar-
ticled to Mr. Thomas Davidson, an eminent legal practitioner, and
Clerk of the Peace for the county of Northumberland. In 1811,
at the age of 24, he was so fortunate as to obtain the appointment
of Under-Sheriff of Newcastle, which office he retained for five-
and-twenty years; and the advantageous position which he had
thus early attained laid the foundation for his subsequent success
in his profession. From his youth he cultivated a taste for lite-
rature, antiquities, and natural history. He became a Member of
the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle in 1811, and
was one of its Secretaries from 1825 to the time of his death. His
taste for Portuguese literature, acquired during his brief visit to
that country in 1803, was evinced by the publication in 1808 of a
translation of Nicola Luiz's tragedy of Donna Ignez de Castro ;
and still more strongly by his ' Memoirs of the Life and Writings
of Camoens,' published in 1820 ; which obtained for him the title of
a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences at Lisbon,
and induced the Queen of Portugal, at a subsequent period, to
confer upon him the Orders of Knighthood of Christ, and of the
Tower and Sword. In 1842 he commenced a work entitled i Lusi-
tania Illustrata; or Notices on the History, Antiquities, Lite-
rature, &c. of Portugal,' of which two parts only were published.
He had, in 1831, printed for private circulation, under the title of
' Bibliotheca Lusitana,' a catalogue of the books in his library
relating to Portugal ; but this ample and probably unrivalled col-
lection was, with few exceptions, together with nearly the whole
remainder of his choice and valuable library, destroyed by fire in
1849. A very remarkable collection, however, of the works of

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXV

Camoens, together with other rare and curious selections from his
library, have been sold by auction in London within the last two
days.

During the earlier part of his life, Mr. Adamson was an enthu-
siastic collector of coins. He was one of the founders of the local
Antiquarian Society, and, as its Treasurer and Secretary, contributed
greatly to promote its objects. He also became a Fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries, and contributed papers to the ' Archseologia,'
as well as to the ' ArchaBologia ^Eliana,' of which the most important
related to the discovery, at Hexham in 1832, of a number of the
Anglo-Saxon coins called Stycas. In Natural History he chiefly
attached himself to Conchology, and formed a valuable cabinet of
shells amounting to upwards of 3000 species ; but despairing of
being able to keep pace with the great influx of new species of
modern introduction, he determined a few years since to part with
this collection. He had previously, in 1823, issued from the New-
castle press for private distribution, a little work entitled ' Concho-
logical Tables,' the principal object of which was to show at a
glance, on the authority of the best writers, the number of species
in each genus which a collector might hope to procure. He was
a Member of the Natural History Society of Newcastle, and,
besides other donations to various institutions, he gave a collec-
tion of fossils to the Museum at Newcastle, and a- collection of
minerals to the University of Durham. He became a Fellow of
the Linnean Society in 1823, and was elected Corresponding
Member of numerous Antiquarian and Literary Societies on the
continent of Europe, and Honorary Member of the Antiquarian
Societies of Edinburgh, Perth and Cambridge, and of the Literary
and Philosophical Society of Halifax. In the month of July last
he lost his wife, by whom he had seven children, five of whom
survive him. His friends had long noticed his failing health, but
he continued attentive to his business until a few days before his
death, which took place on the 27th of last September, when he
had just completed his 68th year.

John Allcard, Esq., of Burton- Closes, near Bakewell, in the
county of Derby, a member of the well-known firm of Overend,
G-urney and Co., became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1844,
and died at his house in Connaught Place "West, Hyde Park,
London, on the 9th of April of the present year, in the 78th year of
his age. He was a very zealous and successful cultivator of ferns,
and especially of tree-ferns, of which his collection at Stratford,
near London, might some years ago be considered as unrivalled.

c2

XXXVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE

The Right Hon. William Bagot, Baron Bagot, D.C.L. Sfc, was
the third but eldest surviving son of William, first Lord Bagot,
and was born in Bruton Street, London, on the 11th September
1773. He was educated at Westminster School, and afterwards
at Magdalen College, Oxford, from which University he received
the degree of D.C.L. in 1834. In 1798 he succeeded his father
in the peerage, and in the same year he was elected a Fellow of
the Linnean Society. He took no active part in politics, but
attached himself to literary and scientific pursuits, especially to
agriculture and natural history, and became a Fellow of the
Society of Antiquaries, and also of the Horticultural and Zoolo-
gical Societies. In the year 1824 his Lordship printed ! Memo-
rials of the Bagot Family, compiled in 1823.' He was twice
married, and died at his seat, Blithfield, near Stafford, on the 12th
of February in the present year, leaving a numerous family by
his second wife. His connexion with the Linnean Society ex-
tended over the long period of fifty-eight years.

Lewis Weston Dillwyn, JEsq., was descended from an old Bre-
conshire family, and was born at Ipswich in the year 1778. His
father, William Dillwyn, was a member of the Society of Friends,
whose immediate ancestors had emigrated to America in the com-
pany of William Penn, and who was himself early and intimately
associated with Clarkson and Wilberforce in the agitation for the
Abolition of Negro Slavery.

Mr. Dillwyn received his early education at a Friends' school
at Tottenham, where he had for the associate of his boyish days
our old and valued Fellow, Mr. Joseph Woods, together with
whom he was sent for a time to Folkestone on account of the then
weak state of his health. In the year 1798 he went to Dover,
where he succeeded his school-companion Mr, Woods as the
inmate of a friend of the name of Beck. " During his residence
at Dover," says Mr. Woods, in a communication on the subject,
" I paid him a visit, and well recollect the pleasure we had in
rambling over the country, and finding many plants which were
then unknown to us. I apprehend that it was during this re-
sidence at Dover that he first applied himself to botany, but what
fixed his attention to that science I do not know. Probably his
intimacy with the three brothers Forster had something to do
with it." The fruit of his researches at Dover appeared in a list
of plants, read at the Linnean Society in March 1801, and in
October of the same year he contributed a notice of the discovery
of the Sisymbrium murale, L., in the neighbourhood of E-amsgate,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

which was published in the sixth volume of our ' Transactions.'
At the beginning of 1801 he resided with his father at Waltham-
stow, but in the following year his father purchased the Cambrian
Pottery at Swansea, at the head of which extensive establishment
he was thenceforward placed, although he did not absolutely
settle there until the year 1803. His principal botanical work,
' The Natural History of British Confervae,' was commenced in
1802, when he was only 24 years of age ; and ' The Botanist's
Guide through England and Wales,' in two vols. 8vo, the joint
production of himself and Mr. Dawson Turner, was published in
1805. In the establishment which he conducted he found means
of turning to good account his studies as a naturalist, and the
porcelain of the Cambrian Pottery speedily acquired great ce-
lebrity for the faithful and exquisite paintings of birds, butterflies,
shells and flowers with which it was ornamented, and which,
together with the beauty of the material itself, render the
" Swansea China" an article of great value in the eyes of con-
noisseurs. It was brought to its highest state of perfection about
the year 1814, but was soon after laid aside, and earthenware
again became, as it now is, the sole product of the Cambrian
Pottery.

In 1809 Mr. Dillwyn completed his work on ' British Con-
fervae,' which formed, at the period of its publication, a most
valuable contribution to a very neglected branch of the natural
history of the British Islands. Shortly afterwards he married the
daughter of John Llewelyn, Esq., of Penllergare, in the county
of Glamorgan, on whose death, his eldest son, John Dillwyn
Llewelyn, became heir to the extensive estates of his maternal
grandfather, and for some years afterwards, as his son's guardian,
Mr. Dillwyn resided at Penllergare. Previous, however, to this
removal, he published, in 1817, ' A descriptive Catalogue of
Recent Shells, arranged according to the Linnean Method,' in
two vols. 8vo, a work of great labour and research, which he
dedicated to Sir Joseph Banks, with whom he had long been on
terms of friendly intimacy, and to the free use of whose extensive
library he declares himself in the preface indebted for the means
of producing it in so complete a form. This work was followed,
in 1823, by ' An Index to the Historia Conchyliorum of Lister,
with occasional Remarks,' printed in folio, at the Clarendon
Press, at the expense of the University of Oxford, which, on this
occasion, offered to Mr. Dillwyn the honorary degree of D.C.L.,
an honour which he, however, declined. In 1823 also he com^

XXXV111 PROCEEDINGS OP THE

municated to the Eoyal Society a paper " On Fossil Shells," which
was printed in the ' Philosophical Transactions,' and was suc-
ceeded by a second paper on the same subject in the following
year. In 1827 he communicated to the Linnean Society a notice
of the occurrence of lanthina fragilis, Lam., in the neighbourhood
of Swansea, which is published in the 16th volume of our ' Trans-
actions.' Two short paper s, one in the third volume of the
' Zoological Journal,' on the Cyprsese described by Mr. Gray, and
the other in the ' Proceedings ' of the Zoological Society, " On
the Capture of a specimen of Labrus maculatus in Swansea Bay,"
were published in 1828 and 1829. His ' Earer Plants of Swansea,'
and his ' Memoranda relating to Coleopterous Insects found in
the neighbourhood of Swansea,' both privately printed, were also
widely distributed by him in the same years.

In 1832, on the election which followed the passing of the
Reform Bill, Mr. Dillwyn was returned to the House of Commons
for the county of Glamorgan, of which he had for many years
been an active Magistrate, occasionally presiding as Chairman of
the Quarter Sessions, and for which he had also served the office
of High Sheriff in 1818. The freedom of the borough of Swansea
was unanimously presented to him in 1834, " as a mark of great
personal respect," and from 1835 to 1840 he served as Mayor and
Alderman of the borough. In his capacity of a Member of Par-
liament, from which he retired at the election of 1841, his votes
were given with more than usual independence of party trammels.
His portrait appears, in company with those of his friends, Mr.
Talbot and Mr. Vivian, in Sir G-eorge Hayter's celebrated picture,
and has since been separately lithographed by Eddis.

During the period of his parliamentary career his visits to
London were necessarily more frequent and of longer duration ;
but his time was not wholly swallowed up by his attention to
public affairs. He was busily engaged in the libraries of the
Athenaeum, of the British Museum, and of the Eoyal and Linnean
Societies, in preparing \ A Eeview of the references to the Hortus
Malabaricus of Henry Van Eheede Draakenstein,' which he
printed in 1839. In the country too he occupied himself on a
volume entitled ' Contributions towards a History of Swansea,'
300 copies of which work, printed in 1840, he presented to the
managers of a bazaar for the benefit of the Swansea Infirmary,
for which valuable institution the sale of these copies is believed
to have produced the sum of £150. In 1843 he printed ' Hortus
Collinsonianus : an Account of the Plants cultivated by Peter Col-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX

linson, arranged alphabetically according to their modern names,
from the Catalogue of his Garden and other Manuscripts,' which
forms a useful commentary on the state of English gardens in the
middle of the last century. It was of course with no small delight
that Mr. Dillwyn welcomed the meeting of the British Asso-
ciation at Swansea in 1848. As one of the Vice-Presidents of
the Meeting, and President of the Section of Zoology and Natural
History, he took a warm interest and an active part in all the
discussions that arose ; and at his residence of Sketty Hall, to
which he had some years previously removed, he received with
hospitable welcome several of the most distinguished members of
the Association. To celebrate the occasion, he dedicated to Lord
Northampton and the Council a work ' On the Flora and Fauna
of Swansea,' which issued from the local press on the first day of
the Meeting, and was received by the members as a pleasing con-
tribution to their local information.

This was the last of his publications : his health gradually gave
way, and for several years before his death he had ceased to
mingle in the busy world, or to take any active interest in its
affairs. He died on the 31st of August last, at Sketty Hall, at
the age of 77, leaving two sons (both Fellows of our Society,
and both distinguished cultivators of natural history) and two
daughters. Mr. Dillwyn was thoroughly honourable and upright
in all his dealings, a steady man of business, a liberal and active
country gentleman, a warm friend, and a zealous and enlightened
contributor to natural science. With his contemporary natural-
ists, and especially with Sir James Smith, Mr. Dawson Turner,
Mr. Edward Forster, Mr. Borrer, Mr. Woods and Mr. Brown, he
was on terms of affectionate intimacy ; and those of a later gene-
ration looked up to him with feelings of grateful respect. He
became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1800, and of the Eoyal
Society in 1804 ; and this Society may fairly regard it as a subject
of cordial congratulation to have retained for five-and-fifty years
the fellowship of so valuable a member and so estimable a man,

George Don, Esq., was born at Forfar, on the 17th of May
179S. He was the eldest son of the zealous British botanist of
the same name, well known as the discoverer of many of the most
interesting plants of the Scottish Highlands, and a constant cor-
respondent of the late Sir James Edward Smith, who in his
' English Flora' (under Rosa Doniana) * speaks of him as " one of
the most indefatigable, as well as accurate of botanists ; who loved
the science for its own sake, and braved every difficulty in its ser-

Xl PROCEEDINGS OF THE

vice." On the death of his father, in 1814, Mr. Don, in conjunc-
tion with his younger brother, David, made an attempt to carry
on the nursery which their father had established at Forfar ; but
the business was shortly after given up, the elder brother removing
in 1815 to Edinburgh, where he was for a time employed in the
establishment of Messrs. Dickson and Co. In the following year
he came to London, and after a short engagement at the Portman
Nursery, succeeded in obtaining employment at the Chelsea Bo-
tanic Garden, then under the charge of Mr. Anderson, with whom
he remained as foreman till 1821, when he entered the service of
the Horticultural Society, and was shortly after despatched as their
collector to Tropical Africa, South America, &c. During this
voyage, which occupied something more than a year (from Decem-
ber 1821 till February 1823), he visited Madeira, Sierra Leone,
St. Thomas's, Eahia, Sb. Salvador, Maranham, Trinidad, Jamaica,
Havana, &c, and his activity in collecting and sending home
living plants, seeds, and dried specimens, obtained for him the
highest encomiums of the then Secretary of the Horticultural
Society, Mr. Sabine. Many of these plants afterwards flowered at
Chiswick, and were described by Professor Lindley in the Horticul-
tural Transactions, &c. Mr. Don's attention having been parti-
cularly directed to the introduction of tropical fruits and the pro-
curing of accurate information respecting them, and his visit to
Sierra Leone occurring at a time when many of its fruits (then
chiefly known from Dr. Afzelius's Report to the African Society)
were in perfection, he was enabled to collect materials for a very
interesting account of them, which appeared in the 5th volume of
the Horticultural Society's ' Transactions,' under the title " Some
Accounts of the Edible Fruits of Sierra Leone, drawn up by
Joseph Sabine, Esq., Secretary, from the Journal and personal
communication of Mr. George Don, A.L.S." At the recent
sale of the Herbarium of the Horticultural Society, specimens of
the plants obtained by Mr. Don during this expedition, and which
are valuable, not merely in connexion with his own botanical
labours, but likewise as being, in part, typical of the species
described by Messrs. Bentham, Hooker, &c, in the ' Flora Mgri-
tiana,' were purchased for the Herbarium of the British Museum.
His brother David having succeeded Mr. Brown, on his resigna-
tion in 1822, as Librarian to the Linnean Society, George was for
some years domiciled with him. During the earlier part of that
period, he appears to have been occupied upon a revision of the
genus Comhrvtum. which was read before the Linnean Society in

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xli

March 1826, and published in the 15th volume of its ' Trans-
actions.' About the same time Mr. Don also communicated to
the Wernerian Society a Monograph of the genus Allium, which
is published in the 6th volume of the Memoirs of that Society.
Prom 1828 to 1837 his time was principally occupied upon the
' General System of Gardening and Botany,' or as it was after-
wards called, the ' History of Dichlamydeous Plants,' consisting
of four 4to volumes, averaging about 880 pages each. The original
intention was, that the work should include all the known species
of plants, and that the whole should be comprised in four volumes ;
but this being found impracticable, and the publishers receiving
little encouragement to proceed, it was abruptly closed at the 4th
volume without its having extended beyond the Dichlamydece. He
shortly afterwards entered into an engagement to supply the
botanical articles of the ' Encyclopaedia Metropolitana,' which he
continued to do till the close of the work, great part of the intro-
ductory treatise having been furnished by him, as well as the
articles •in the alphabetical series, from the middle of the 11th
volume to the end of the 12th. In 1842-3 he was employed by
the Board of Woods and Forests in naming the trees and shrubs
in Kensington Gardens and the Parks, by means of which the
names of a very considerable number of species and varieties of
woody plants have become familiar to the visitors. He likewise
rendered much assistance to the late Mr. Loudon in the prepara-
tion of the various botanical works in which that gentleman was
engaged during the last ten or twelve years of his life ; and the last
of his botanical labours was the preparation of a supplement to
Loudon's 'Encyclopaedia of Plants,' which made its appearance
only a few months before his death. He had been suffering at in-
tervals during the last two years from disease of the heart, which
had latterly prevented him from being present at any of our
meetings, at which he had for many years previously been a con-
stant attendant, having been elected an Associate in 1822, and a
Fellow in 1831. He died at Camp den Hill, Kensington, on the
25th of February last, in the 58th year of his age.

Alexander Erskine, Esq., of Balhall, in the county of Forfar,
and Longhaven, Aberdeenshire, became a Fellow of the Linnean
Society in 1804, and was also a Fellow of the Horticultural Society.
He died, at his residence in Bryanstone Square, on the 17th of
November last, in the 81st year of his age, having been for more
than fifty years a Fellow of our Society.

John Harris, Esq., of Exeter, Surgeon, was admitted a Fellow

Xlii PROCEEDINGS OE THE

of the Linnean Society in 1813, and died at Exeter on the 30th of
June last year, at the age of 73.

Samuel Holker Haslam, Esq., became a Eellow of the Linnean
Society in 1836. He was warmly attached to literary and scientific
pursuits, spoke fluently both French and German, was conversant
with Italian, and made considerable collections of plants and insects,
both of which he presented, about two years ago, to the Natural
History Society of Kendal. He died at his residence, Woodhouse,
Milnthorpe, Westmoreland, on the 13th of April in the present
year.

Henry Jenner, Esq., M.D., was the son of the Rev. Henry
Jenner, M.A., Eector of Bockhampton in Gloucestershire, and
Domestic Chaplain to the Earl of Aylesbury. In 1783 he was
apprenticed to his uncle, the celebrated Dr. Edward Jenner, and
being of an inquiring disposition and greatly attached to natural
history, assisted him, not only in his professional avocations,
but also in his natural-history studies. In this way he took a
share in the investigation in relation to the Habits of the Quckoo,
published by his uncle in the 'Philosophical Transactions' for
1788. He became a Eellow of the Linnean Society in 1799, and
had consequently been a Member for the long period of 57 years.
His death took place in March of the present year at Berkeley,
in Gloucestershire, where he had continued to reside.

Joseph Neeld, Esq., F.S.A., of Grittleton, in the county of
Wilts, a Deputy-Lieutenant of Wiltshire, M.P. for the borough of
Chippenham, and High-Steward of Malmesbury, was a grand-
nephew of the late Philip Bundell, of Ludgate Hill, at whose
death in 1827 he became possessed, as residuary legatee, of
property little short of a million sterling. In the subsequent
year he purchased the estate of Grittleton, to which he has since
made large additions, of which Mr. Britton has lately given a par-
ticular account. A new mansion, on a scale and of a character fitted
to rank with the most magnificent seats in the country, is in pro-
gress of erection; the farm-houses, cottages, and churches have been
rebuilt, and the whole domain has been placed under a general
system of amelioration and improved cultivation. In Parliament,
Mr. Neeld was a steady supporter of the Conservative party : he
married, in 1831, a sister of the present Earl of Shaftesbury, but
having no issue, his great estates devolve upon his brother John.
He became a Eellow of the Linnean Society in 1829, and died on
the 24th of March in the present year, at the age of 67.

Bear-Admiral the Hon. William Henry Percy, sixth son of Alger-

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xliii

non, first Earl of Beverley, was born on the 24th of March 1788.
He entered the Navy in 1801 as first-class volunteer on board the
Lion, 64, and became in the next year Midshipman of the Medusa,
32. In that ship, after sharing in the capture of several Spanish
frigates and merchantmen of great value, he sailed with the
Marquis Cornwallis for the East Indies, and returned from the
Ganges to the Lizard, a distance of 13,831 miles, in the sur-
prisingly short period of 84 days. He next served on board of
several vessels on the Home Station, and became in 1807 Lieute-
nant of the Decade frigate, and afterwards of the Hibernia. In
1810 he obtained the rank of Commander, and was appointed to
the Mermaid, 28, which was engaged in the conveyance of troops
to Portugal and Spain. He was posted in 1812, and in 1814
commanded the Hermes, 20, which vessel, after twenty-five of her
crew had been killed, and twenty-four wounded, in an unsuccess-
ful attack on Eort Bowyer, Mobile, was set on fire and destroyed
to prevent her falling into the hands of the Americans. On the
court-martial which ensued, Captain Percy, who had also on this
occasion under his command the Canon, 20, and Sophia and
Childers, of 18 guns each, was honourably acquitted of all blame.

He sat in two Parliaments, from 1818 to 1826, for the borough
of Stamford, and was appointed a Commissioner of Excise in 1828,
from which office he retired in 1849, having previously, in 1846,
accepted the rank of Rear- Admiral. His fellowship of the Linnean
Society dates from 1823, and he died, unmarried, at the house of
his brother, the present Earl of Beverley, in Portman Square, on
the 5th of last October, in the 68th year of his age.

Henry Perkins, Esq., of Hanworth Park, in the county of
Middlesex, one of the celebrated firm of Barclay, Perkins and
Co., became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in the year 1825,
and was also a Fellow of the Geological and Horticultural
Societies. He died at Dover, on the 15th of April of the present
year, at the age of 78.

John Beeves, Esq., F.B.S. Sfc, was the youngest son of the
Rev. Jonathan Reeves of Westham, near London, and was born
on the 1st of May 1774. Left an orphan at an early age, he
was educated at Christ's Hospital, and afterwards entered the
counting-house of a tea-broker, where he acquired so thorough a
knowledge of teas, as to recommend him in 1808 to the office of
Inspector of Tea in England in the service of the Honourable
East India Company. In 1812 he proceeded to China as Assist-
ant, and subsequently became Chief Inspector of Tea in the East

Xliv PBOCEEDINGS OE THE

India Company's establishment at Canton. From the time of his
arrival in China, he devoted his leisure to investigating the
resources of the country, and to the pursuit of various branches
of science, making it his principal object to procure specimens of
the natural productions of the country, and especially those which
promised to be either useful or ornamental, and to transmit them
to England to such individuals or societies as appeared most likely
to turn them to account. His principal correspondent for some
years after his first arrival in China was Sir Joseph Banks. He
formed no collections of his own, neither did he keep any record
of his proceedings in this respect ; so that were it not for the
knowledge possessed by many among us of the extent of his con-
tributions to our gardens and museums, there would be some risk
of our obligations to his memory remaining unacknowledged and
forgotten. During the whole period of his residence in China,
from 1812 to 1831, he contributed largely to English horticulture,
and to the Horticultural Society in particular, not only by his
own direct shipments of plants, but also by collecting plants
during the spring and summer, establishing them well in pots
previous to the shipping season, and then commending them to the
care of the captains of the Company's ships, to whom he was also
always ready to recommend the most desirable plants for transpor-
tation to England. It was in this way, to instance one case among
many, that the Wistaria Sinensis first found its way to England. It
was in the latter part of his stay in China that he made the fine
collection of fishes, which, together with his drawings, furnished
the groundwork of Sir John Richardson's valuable Eeport " On
the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan," published in the
' Eeports of the British Association ' for 1845. As the history
of these drawings and collections strikingly illustrates his activity
in collecting, and disinterestedness in distributing his materials,
I cannot do better than quote the observations of Sir John
Bichardson in regard to them. " For upwards of fifteen years,"
says that gentleman, " materials for an ample account of the
fishes of China have existed in England. John Reeves, Esq., who
was long resident at Macao, with an enlightened munificence,
caused beautiful coloured drawings, mostly of the natural size,
to be made of no fewer than 340 species of fish, which are brought
to the markets of Canton. These drawings are executed with a
correctness and finish which will be sought for in vain in the older
works on ichthyology, and which are not surpassed in the plates
of any large European work of the present day. The brilliancy

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlv

and effect of the colouring, and correctness of profile, render them
excellent portraits of the fish they are intended to represent.
Mr. Reeves had four copies of these drawings made. One set,
which he presented to General Hardwicke, is bound up with that
officer's large collection of sketches of Indian Fish, in four folio
volumes, in the British Museum. Another copy, left by Mr.
Beeves at Macao with Mr. Beale, formed the groundwork of the
enumeration of Chinese fishes in Bridgeman's ' Chrestomathy.'
A third copy, which he liberally lent to me, is the foundation
of this Report. Mr. Reeves has also deposited in the British
Museum specimens of Chinese fish, both dried and preserved in
spirits, part of them the very examples which are figured in his
drawings. His son, John Russell Reeves, Esq., [also, let me add,
a valuable Fellow of our Society,] has likewise presented various
fish procured at Macao to the British Museum ; among which are
several species not figured in his father's drawings." Mr. Reeves's
contributions to the British Museum were not limited to the
Natural-History departments, but included also the Library and
the department of Antiquities, to the latter of which in particular
he gave, from his large collection of Chinese coins, all such as
were thought desirable for the national cabinet. At an early
period of his residence in China, he collected, at the request of
Dr. Morison, the Chinese names of the stars and constellations,
which were published at that time, and are usually bound up with
Dr. Morison' s Chinese Dictionary.

Mr. Reeves became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1817,
and of the Royal Society in the same year ; he was also a Fellow
of the Horticultural Society, the Royal Astronomical, the Asiatic,
and the Zoological Societies, and of the Society of Arts ; and most
of these institutions are indebted to him for valuable contributions
to their collections. From the time of his return to England, in
1831, he resided at Clapham, where he died on the 22nd of March
in the present year, having nearly completed his 82nd year.

Samuel Mootsey, Esq., for many years Lecturer on Chemistry
and Botany in the Medical School of Bristol, was born on the
12th of February 1788, at Colchester, where his father was the
proprietor of extensive oil-mills. At an early age he was placed
under the charge of his grandmother at Halstead in the county
of Essex, and attended the grammar-school of that place for some
years ; after which he was removed to a boarding-school at Harlow
in the same county. In 1803 he was apprenticed to a chemist at
Southampton, and eagerly attached himself to the study of che-

Xlvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

mistry and botany, and to the acquisition of different languages,
which occupied a large share of his attention during the remainder
of his life. Soon after the expiration of his apprenticeship he
wrote to Dr. Maton, to whom he was then personally unknown,
stating his anxious desire to become a Fellow of the Linnean
Society, and so strongly was Dr. Maton impressed in his favour
by the terms of his letter, that he readily undertook to propose
him. In the following year he was elected, and passing some
time in London, was introduced by Dr. Maton to Sir Joseph
Banks, Sir James E. Smith, and other eminent men of science, and
derived great advantage from the permission readily granted him
by Sir J. Banks to make use of his library and herbarium. In the
year 1812, Mr. Rootsey established himself at Bristol as a chemist
and druggist, and soon after commenced his Lectures on Chemistry
and Botany, the latter of which he continued until within a short
period of his death. In 1815 he published " A General Dispen-
satory, or Arrangement of the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edin-
burgh and Dublin," which he dedicated to Dr. Maton ; and in
1818, a " Syllabus of a Course of Botanical Lectures," delivered
to his pupils at Bristol. He also published a new system of No-
tation in Music, and various other works. A tour in Sweden in
1824 made him acquainted with Westring, from whom he obtained
the copper-plates of his Essays on Lichens and the Dyes afforded
by them, of which he proposed publishing an English translation ;
but unfortunately this intention was never carried out. He also
made the acquaintance of Broling and Afzelius ; and his MS.
Journal of his tour is stated to contain some highly interesting
facts and observations relating to natural history. In it he
mentions, among other subjects on which he was engaged, a new
projection of the World, his theory of vocal intervals in Music,
his mode of studying the Chinese Characters, his system of Phar-
macy, his Mineralogical Sliding-Eule, &c. &c. In 1826 he
published a revised and corrected edition of Donne's ' Mechanical
Geometry ; ' and besides the separate publications already men-
tioned, he communicated to the Philosophical and Literary Insti-
tution of Bristol, of which he was an Honorary Member, nume-
rous Papers on a variety of subjects, and to the Medico-Botanical
Society a Paper " On the Medical Botany of Shakespeare," which
was published in their ' Transactions ' for 1832. From the year
1834 he was chiefly occupied in lecturing on various subjects, but
more particularly on Botany, in Bristol, Bath, Swansea, Neath, and
other towns in the Western district ; but of late years his health

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlvii

had been gradually failing, and he died on the 4th of September
last, after a short illness, in the 68th year of his age.

Thomas Salter, Esq., was the descendant of a highly respectable
Quaker-family in Somersetshire, and became at an early age the
pupil of the late Thomas Bell, Esq. of Poole, the father of our
excellent President. In 1809 he entered at St. Thomas's Hos-
pital, and in 1810 he was admitted a Member of the Eoyal College
of Surgeons, the Council of which, on the grant of their new
Charter in 1844, conferred on him the title of Fellow. On his
return to Poole, after the completion of his medical studies in
London, he was admitted into partnership by Mr. Bell, whose
only daughter he married. Prom that time, until the day of his
death, he continued to practise his profession in Poole, where he
acquired a high degree of influence, not only by the success of his
medical practice, but also by his social qualities, the cheerfulness
of his disposition, and the atmosphere of pleasant comfort which
his presence diffused even in the chamber of sickness and of suf-
fering. Through the whole of this lengthened period he prose-
cuted his profession in all its scientific bearings, and constantly
kept pace with advancing discovery, reading all the most import-
ant medical works as they appeared, and preparing with his
own hands anatomical and pathological specimens. The medical
library which he has left behind him is one of the largest, and his
medical museum by far the most important in the county of
Dorset. He also contributed many valuable Papers to medical
literature, most of which were published in the Transactions of
the different medical societies ; and educated more than twenty
pupils, many of whom, including his three surviving sons, hold a
distinguished position in the ranks of the profession : two of his
sons are Fellows of our Society. His youngest son, Mr. Morgan
Salter, unhappily volunteered to take the medical charge of H.M.S.
Prince, and perished from the wreck of that ill-fated ship in the
great storm at Balaklava. Mr. Salter's death, which was no doubt
hastened by this sad event, from the shock of which he never
recovered, took place suddenly. On his way to visit some sick
poor, on the night of the 20th of February, the extreme coldness
of the air appears partially to have arrested his circulation, which
his heart was apparently too feeble to restore. He sought refuge
in the house of a friend, where he died before any assistance could
arrive, from no actual disease, but from sudden and complete
prostration of the system. In early life he devoted his few leisure
hours to the study of geology, botany and chemistry, and he has

xlviii PROCEEDINGS OF THE

left a choice and numerous collection of fossils accumulated at
that period. In 1824 he became a Fellow of the Linnean Society,
and in 1827 of the Medico- Chirurgical : he held also the Commis-
sion of a Justice of Peace for the town of Poole. Although it
was his express desire that his funeral should be quiet and un-
ostentatious, some hundreds of the most respectable inhabitants of
the town attended to do honour to his memory, and the closing of
shops and private houses in the route through which the funeral
was to pass, evinced the deep respect in which he was held. He
died at the age of 70.

The Most Noble Edward Adolphus, Duke of Somerset, K.Q.,
Vice- Admiral of the Coast of Somersetshire, D.C.L., F.B.S., F.S.A.,
and a Trustee of the Hunterian Museum, was born at Monkton-
Farley in Wiltshire, on the 24th of February 1775. "While in
his nineteenth year he succeeded to the title and estates. He was
a Member of Christ Church College, Oxford, where the degree of
M.A. was conferred upon him in 1794, and that of D.C.L. in 1810.
From an early age he evinced an attachment to science : he was
elected F.R.S. in 1797 ; in 1816 he became F.S.A., and in 1820
F.L.S. For some years he was President of the Eoyal Institu-
tion ; and from 1801 to 1838 he was likewise President of the
Literary Fund, to which he contributed largely during forty-six
years. From 1826 to 1831 he was a Vice-President of the Zoolo-
gical Society. At the anniversary of 1834, on the resignation of
Lord Stanley, he was elected President of the Linnean Society,
and continued to hold that office till the end of 1837, when he
resigned and was succeeded in it by the late Lord Bishop of Nor-
wich. His uniform courtesy of manners and amiability of temper,
combined with the hospitable and friendly reception which he
gave to men of literature and science, and the extent of his infor-
mation on a wide range of subjects, will cause his memory to be
cherished and respected by all who were admitted to the privilege
of meeting him in social intercourse. In science he chiefly
attached himself to mathematical studies, and published, in 1842,
" A Treatise in which the Elementary Properties of the Ellipse
are deduced from the Properties of the Circle, and geometrically
demonstrated," of which a second edition was printed in the fol-
lowing year ; and the investigation was still further pursued in
another treatise, entitled " Alternate Circles and their Connexion
with the Ellipse," published in 1850. His Grace was twice mar-
ried, first to a daughter of the Duke of Hamilton, and secondly to
the eldest daughter of Sir Michael Shaw Stewart, Bart., who,

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlix

together with seven of his children by his first wife, survives him.
He died on the 15th of August last, at his residence in Park Lane,
and was buried in the cemetery at Kensal Green. His eldest
son, the present Duke, has filled several important offices in the
State, and is a Trustee of the British Museum.

William Swmnson, Esq., F.B.S., Hon. M.G.P.S. 8fc, was born
on the 8th of October 1789. His father was then Secretary of
the Board of Customs in London, and subsequently filled the im-
portant office of Collector of the Port of Liverpool. At the early
age of 14, he was appointed a Junior Clerk in the same branch of
the service ; but a love of natural history had been so strongly
implanted in him, when a mere child, by the inspection of his
father's collections of British insects and shells, that it became
impossible to reconcile his ardent disposition to the formal routine
of official life at home. To gratify his inclination for studying the
natural history of other countries, his father therefore obtained
for him an appointment in the Commissariat, and in this new
capacity, after a short stay at Malta, he arrived in Sicily in the
spring of 1807. During the eight succeeding years he was chiefly
stationed in that island, and no serious operations being under-
taken by the corps to which h© was attached, he had abundant
opportunities of adding to his collections of plants, insects, shells
and fishes, and leisure to make a multitude of drawings and
sketches of natural objects. During this period he made an ex-
cursion to Greece, and also visited Naples, Genoa and Tuscany.
In 1815 he returned to England, bringing with him large collec-
tions in natural history ; and resolving henceforward to devote
himself to no other pursuit, he relinquished the certain prospect
of rapid advancement in his profession, and retired upon half-pay.
His great object was to visit some distant part of the world which
had been little investigated by naturalists, and he first fixed upon
Southern Africa ; but on hearing of the successful journey of Dr.
Burchell in that region, which he supposed to have nearly ex-
hausted its natural productions, he determined on penetrating
into the interior of Northern Brazil. "With this view, in company
with Mr.'Koster, the narrative of whose first journey in Brazil
had just been published, he left England late in the autumn of
1816. But his attempts to traverse the Continent, or even to
penetrate far into the interior, were frustrated by the revolution
of 1817, and he was compelled to content himself with collecting
in the neighbourhood of Olinda, in the district of the Rio San
Erancisco, and afterwards in that of Rio de Janeiro. On his

Linn. Peoc. d

1 PBOCEEDIFGS OE THE

return to Liverpool he proposed to publish a Narrative of his
Travels, but a short abstract of them given in the f Edinburgh
Philosophical Journal ' having attracted little attention, he aban-
doned the idea, and determined to confine himself to the publica-
tion of his zoological materials. Accordingly having familiarized
himself with the then novel art of lithography, he commenced a
series of plates, drawn by himself, and issued periodically, under
the title of > Zoological Illustrations,' the first series of which,
consisting of three vols., were published between the years 1820
and 1823. In order more efficiently to superintend this publi-
cation, and also another in which he soon afterwards engaged,
under the title of ' Exotic Conchology,' he removed to London ;
but, in 1825, in pursuance of an engagement long previously
formed, he married the daughter of John Parkes, Esq. of War-
wick, and took up his residence in that town. In 1826 he lost
his father, and soon after entered into engagements with Messrs.
Longman for the publication of an ' Encyclopaedia of Zoology/
which was intended to form a companion volume to Loudon's
1 Encyclopaedia of Agriculture and Gardening.' On reconsidering
the subject, however, the publishers determined to combine this
intended work with their projected ' Cabinet Cyclopaedia,' and
eleven volumes of the 1 Cabinet Cyclopaedia of Natural History,'
from the pen of Mr. Swainson, successively made their appearance
between 1834 and 1840, embracing ' A Preliminary Discourse on
the Study of Natural History,' ' A Treatise on the Geography and
Classification of Animals,' f A Treatise on the Natural History and
Classification of Quadrupeds ;' of ' Birds,' 2 vols. ; of ' Fishes,
Amphibia, and Reptiles,' 2 vols. ; of ' Shells and Shell-fish,' 2 vols. ;
and volumes on ' The Habits and Instincts of Animals,' on 'Animals
in Menageries,' on ' Taxidermy, Bibliography, and Biography,' and,
in conjunction with Mr. Shuckard, ' On the History and Natural
Arrangement of Insects.' Previous to commencing this laborious
undertaking, Mr. Swainson had again changed his residence from
"Warwick to Tittenhanger Green, in the neighbourhood of St.
Albans, where he found himself sufficiently removed from the
distractions of a residence in London, and at the same time suffi-
ciently near the metropolis, to avail himself frequently of its
libraries and collections. Here also he prepared and published a
second series of his ' Zoological Illustrations,' consisting, like the
first, of three vols. 8vo ; two volumes on ' The Birds of "Western
Africa,' and one on ' The Flycatchers,' forming part of Lizars's
1 Naturalist's Cabinet' : extensive contributions to the volume of

LIKffEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. ll

Sir John Richardson's ' Fauna Boreali- Americana,' illustrating the
Birds ; the zoological portion of Murray's ' Encyclopaedia of Geo-
graphy ;' ' Elements of Conchology, for the use of Students and
Travellers ;' and five parts of a work entitled ' Ornithological
Drawings : Series 1, Birds of Brazil.' In 1828 Mr. Swainson
passed several weeks in Paris, busied in studying the collections
of the French Museum, and adding to his large collection of
natural-history drawings. In 1835 he was left a widower with
five children ; and marrying again some years afterwards, he de-
termined on emigrating, with his family, to New Zealand, on the
climate of which, principally with reference to its sanative cha-
racter, he published a little work in 1840. In that year he
embarked on board a vessel, from the unseaworthiness of which he
unfortunately lost a large portion of his collections ; while, on his
arrival in New Zealand, he soon found that he had been misled
by exaggerated representations. He did not, however, suffer
himself to be dejected by these losses and disappointments. From
Rio de Janeiro, at which the vessel had touched to refit, he had
brought with him numerous vegetable productions, which he
thought would be suitable to the climate of New Zealand, and he
set himself energetically to work to establish himself in his new
abode. Of his pursuits as regards natural history during this
period few traces have reached England, although it cannot be
doubted that here, as elsewhere, a large portion of his attention
must have been devoted to his favourite pursuit. We only know
that he had his full share of those losses and privations which
usually fall to the lot of the earlier settlers in a new colony, aggra-
vated by the storms and earthquakes to which New Zealand ap-
pears to be peculiarly subject. In 1851 he visited Sydney ; and in
1853, he was engaged, under the authority of the governments of
Van Diemen's Land and Victoria, in an examination of the tim-
ber-trees of those colonies. Soon afterwards he returned to his
residence at Fern Grove, River Hutt, New Zealand, where he died,
it is supposed of an apoplectic seizure, after a week or ten days'
illness, on the 7th of December last, in the 67th year of his age.
His entry into the Linnean Society dates from 1816, and into
the Royal Society from 1820 ; and he was also an Honorary or
Corresponding Member of numerous scientific societies both in
Europe and America. Of his five children by his first wife, four
sons survive him ; and of these, two are settled in New Zealand.
By his second wife he had three children, all daughters, who, with
their mother, also survive him. In addition to the extensive series

d2

Hi PEOCEEDINOS OF THE

of separate works above mentioned, he was author of ' Instructions
for Collecting and Preserving Subjects of Natural History and
Botany,' Liverpool, 1808 and 1820, subsequently enlarged into 'The
Naturalist's Guide for Collecting,' &c, London, 1822 and 1824 ;
and of numerous Papers in Scientific Transactions and Journals,
among the most important of which are the following : —

1. On the genus Picus of Linnaeus, &c. — Mem. Wern. Soc. iii.
p. 288.

2. On two new Birds of the genus Pteroglossus of Illiger. —
Journ. Boy. Inst. ix. p. 266.

3. On two new and remarkable freshwater Shells, Melania
setosa and TTnio gigas. — Ibid. xvii. p. 13.

4. On several new Shells belonging to the Linnean genus Voluta.
— Ibid. xvii. p. 28

5. Monograph of the genus Ancillaria. — Ibid, xviii. p. 272.

6. On Psittacus Meldii, a new species of Parrot from Australia.
— Ibid. xix. p. 198.

7. Monograph of the genus Tachyphonus. — Ibid. xx. p. 60.

8. On the Tyrant Shrikes of America. — Ibid. xx. p. 267.

9. On the Importance of preserving Pacts connected with the
Natural History of Animals. — Ibid, xxiii. p. 83.

10. The Characters of Acliatinella, a new group of Terrestrial
Shells.— Ibid. xxv. p. 81.

11. On those Birds which exhibit the typical perfection of
Anatidce. — Ibid. ser. 2. ii. p. 11.

12. An Inquiry into the Natural Affinities of the Laniadae. —
Zool. Journ. i. p. 289.

13. On the Characters and Natural Affinities of several new
Birds from Australia. — Ibid. i. p. 443.

14. Characters and Descriptions of several Birds belonging to
the genus Thamnophilus, Vig. — Ibid. ii. p. 84.

15. On two new genera of Birds, Formicivora and Drymopliila,
with Descriptions of several Species. — Ibid. ii. p. 145.

16. On the genus Psaris of Cuvier. — Ibid. ii. p. 354.

17. On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology not hitherto
defined.— _ZW. iii. p. 158, & p. 343.

18. On the Analogies of the Mitranw. — Proc. Zool. Soc. iii.
p. 197.

19. On Hemipodius nivosus, a new Bird from Africa. — Phil. Mag.
Ix. p. 353.

20. On Iridina, a genus of Freshwater Bivalve Shells. — Ibid.
lxi. p. 112.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. liii

21. The Characters of several rare and undescribed Shells. —
Phil. Mag. lxi. p. 375, & lxii. p. 401.

22. On the Natural Affinities of the Lepidoptera Diurna of
Latreille. — Ibid. ser. 2. i. p. 180.

23. Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock,
F.L.S., and W. Bullock, Jun.— Ibid. ser. 2. i. p. 364, & p. 433.

24. On the Nut-hatch (JSitta Puropcea). — Mag, Nat. Hist. i.
p. 328.

25. On the Natural History and Eelations of the Family of
Cuculidce.—Mag. Zool. fy Pot. i. p. 213, & p. 430.

The titles of this long list of publications sufficiently indicate
the wide scope of his zoological acquirements. He became deeply
imbued, at an early period, with Mr. W. S. MacLeay's views on
the circular succession of affinities, and the strict numerical re-
lations of the several groups ; and carried out these principles,
with some peculiar modifications of his own, through nearly all
the classes of the animal kingdom. As a zoological draughtsman
he also attained high distinction, combining the skill of a practised
artist with the accuracy of a well-instructed naturalist, and thus
giving to his representations of animals a double interest as
accurate copies of nature embellished by a refined taste in art.

The Pev. William Webb, P.P., Master of Clare Hall in the
University of Cambridge, was the son of "William Webb, M.A.,
Master of Bishop Vesey's Grammar-school at Sutton-Coldfield,
near Birmingham, and a magistrate of the county of "Warwick.
He was born at Sutton-Coldfield in February 1775, and educated
at home until sent to Clare Hall in 1793, where he took his
degrees of B.A. 1797, M.A. 1800, B.D. 1808, and D.D. 1816.
He became Fellow and Tutor of his College, and in 1815 was
unanimously elected Master, which office he filled for the long
period of forty-one years, during which he was twice Vice- Chan-
cellor of the University. Previous to his election as Master, he
held for a short time the living of Fornham near Bury St. Ed-
munds, and subsequently that of Litlington near Cambridge. At
this place, during his incumbency, in the year 1821, a Roman
cemetery was opened, which yielded an extraordinary store of
sepulchral vessels. These are now preserved in the library at
Clare Hall, and are described in two papers in the ' Archaeologia,'
vols. 25 and 26, accompanied by plates from drawings made by
Mrs. "Webb. By this lady, to whom he was married in 1815,
during his short connexion with the rectory of Fornham, he had
several children, one of whom, a son, alone survives. Dr. "Webb

liv PROCEEDINGS OE THE

is stated to have rendered great services both to his College and
to the University. He collected a very valuable library of topo-
graphical, antiquarian and botanical works, as well as a consider-
able number of articles of virtu, which have been sold by auction
since his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society
in 1815, and died at Litlington, on the 4th of January in the
present year, in the 81st year of his age.

The only death which it is my duty to record as having occurred
among our Foreign Members during the past year, is that of

Johcmn Christoph Friedrich Klug, Doctor of Medicine and Phi-
losophy, for the last thirty-eight years Extraordinary Professor in
the University of Berlin, and one of the Directors of the Eoyal
Zoological Museum of that capital. Information of the death of
this distinguished entomologist has been so recently communi-
cated to me, that I have not yet had the opportunity of making
myself sufficiently acquainted with the particulars of his life to
give even an imperfect sketch of his career. He was born at
Berlin on the 5th of May 1775, and educated at the University
of Halle, where he printed, in 1797, his inaugural dissertation,
entitled ' Historia Instrument orum ad Polyporum extirpationem.'
His entomological publications commenced with a valuable ' Mo-
nographia Siricum Germanise,' published at Berlin in 4to, 1803 ;
and this has been followed by a long succession of monographs
(chiefly on the stinging Hymenoptera) and other works, extending
nearly to the present time. Of these thirty-five are enumerated
in the ' Bibliographia Zoologise et Geologise ' of the Eay Society.
As Keeper of one of the most extensive and best-arranged collec-
tions of insects in Europe, he had ample opportunities of con-
tributing to entomological science, not only by his own labours,
but also by the assistance which he was ever ready to afford in
facilitating the labours of others.

The Secretary also announced that nineteen Fellows had been
elected since the last Anniversary.

At the Election which subsequently took place, Thomas Bell,
Esq. was re-elected President ; William Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ;
John Joseph Bennett, Esq., Secretary ; and Eichard Taylor, Esq.,
Under-Secretary. The following Five Fellows were elected into
the Council in the room of others going out : — Bobert Bentley,
Esq. ; L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. ; Eichard Owen, Esq. ; Joseph Woods,
Esq. y and James Yates, Esq.

LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON. lv

The President nominated Francis Boott, Esq., M.D. ; Robert
Brown, Esq. ; Richard Owen, Esq. ; and William Tarrell, Esq.,
Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year.

The President proposed the Election of His Majesty Don Pedro,
King of Portugal, as one of the Honorary Members; which,
having been put to the Society by open vote, was carried unani-
mously.

June 3rd, 1856.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Mr. William Penny was elected an Associate.

J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S., made some observations on a
Lepidopterous Insect infesting the Sugar-canes of the Island of
Mauritius, and greatly diminishing the saccharine products (see
" Zoological Proceedings," p. 101) ; and a Conversation followed
among the Members present on the best means of destroying the
insect and thereby preventing its ravages.

Read, a " Note on the development oiFtmgi upon Patna Opium;"
by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., E.L.S. &c. (See " Botanical
Proceedings," p. 143.)

June 17th, 1856.

Special General Meeting.

Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The Meeting having been specially summoned "to consider
a proposal from Her Majesty's Government to give Apartments
to the Linnean Society in Burlington House," contained in a
Letter addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to the President
of the Royal Society, and printed at p. xxxii, it was moved by
Joseph Dalton Hooker, Esq., M.D., seconded by John Eorster,
Esq., and resolved unanimously : —

That the Council be authorized to place itself in communication
with the Councils of the Royal and Chemical Societies, with
the view of carrying out the proposal of the Government, as
to the occupation of Burlington House.

lvi PBOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

June 17th, 1856.
Ordinary Meeting.
Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair.
Joseph Wainwright, Esq. was elected a Fellow.

Bead, a Paper " On a New Organ in Insects ;" by J. B. Hicks,
Esq., M.D., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings,' » p. 136.)

Read also, a Paper " On a New Species of P««;" by Fre-
derick Currey, Esq., F.L.S.

Read further, " Notes on some rare or undescribed Fungi lately
found in the vicinity of Malvern, Worcestershire;" by Edwin
Lees, Esq., F,L.S.

lvii

ADDITIONS

TO THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

RECEIVED FROM JANUARY 1, 1856, TO JUNE 30, 1856.

[Continued from page xv.]

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies.

Basel : — Naturforschende G-esellschaft. Verhandlungen, heft 2.
Basel, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Batavia: — Natuurkundige Yereeniging voor Nederlandsch
Indie. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift. Meuwe Serie, deel 5, afl.
5 & 6, & deel 6, an. 3-6. Batavia, 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Berlin : — Yerein znr Beforderung des Gartenbaues in den K.
prenssischen Staaten. Yerhandlnngen. band 16-19, bd.
20, heft 1, & band 21. Berlin, 1842-53, 4to.

: Neue Eeihe, jahrg. 3. lb. 1855, 8vo. The Society.

Bombay : — Hon. East India Company's Observatory. Mag-
netieal and Meteorological Observations made at, in the
years 1852 & 1853. Bombay, 1855, 4to. The Company.

Breslau: — Imperial Academy "Naturae Curiosorum." Nova
Acta, torn. 24, suppl. & torn. 25, pars 1. Yratislaviae et
Bonnse, 1854-55, 4to. The Academy.

Calcutta : — Asiatic Society. Asiatic Besearches, vol. 18. Cal-
cutta, 1833, 4to. The Society.

Charleston, S. C. : — Elliott Society of Natural History. Pro-
ceedings, No. 1. 1853, 8vo. The Society.

Cherbourg : — Societe Imp. des Sciences Naturelles. Memoires,
torn. 2. Cherbourg, 1854, 8vo. The Society.

Dublin: — Geological Society. Journal, vol. 7, parts 1 & 2.
Dublin, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Erankfort : — Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gresellschaft.
Abhandlungen. band 1, lief. 2. Erankfort-a-M., 1855, 4to.
Schadel abnormen Eorms, in geometrischen Abbildungen,
&c.,vonDr.J.C.G.Luc85. lb. 1855, fol. The Society.

lviii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBEAEY.

Titles. Donoes.

Academies and Societies (continued).

G-eneva : — Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle. Me-
moires, tom.14, part. 1. Geneve, 1855, 4to. The Society.
Gottingen : — Konigl. Gesellschaft der "Wissenschaften.
Abhandlungen, band 6. Gottingen, 1856, 4to.
Nachrichten, &c, vom Jahre 1855 (Nos. 1-18.). lb. 8vo.

The Society.
Hobart Town : — Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land.

Papers and Proceedings, vol. 2, part 3. Hobart Town,

1854, 8vo.
Tasmanian Contributions to the Exhibition of Industry at
Paris, 1855, fol.
The Society, through Joseph Milligabt, Esq. E.L.S.
Liege: — Societe des Sciences. Memoires, tome 10. Liege,
1855, 8vo. The Society.

London : —
British Museum, Catalogues of the Collections in.

List of the Specimens of Birds, part 4. London, 1856,12mo.
Catalogue of Shield Reptiles, part 1. lb. 1855, 4to.
List of Lepidopterous Insects, parts 6 & 7. lb. 1855-56,

12mo.
Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects, part 8. lb. 1855, 12mo.
Catalogue of the Crustacea, part 1. lb. 1855, 12mo.
List of the Mollusca, part 1. lb. 1855, 12mo.
List of the Specimens of British Animals, part 17. lb.
1855, 12mo. The Tetjstees.

Entomological Society. Transactions. New Series, vol. 3,
parts 7 & 8. London, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Exhibition of the "Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851.
Eirst Report of the Commissioners. London, 1852.

William Matchwick, Esq.

Third ditto. lb. 1856, 8vo. The Commissionees.

Geological Society. Quarterly Journal, nos. 45 & 46. London,
1856, 8vo. The Society.

Royal Society.

Philosophical Transactions, part 2 for 1855. London, 1855,

4to.
Proceedings, vol. 7, nos. 16-20. lb. 1856, 8vo.
List of the Members, Nov. 30, 1855, 4to. The Society.
Royal Agricultural Society. Journal, vol. 16, part 2. Lon-
don, 1856, 8vo. The Society.

additions to the libbaey. hi

Titles. Donobs.

Academies and Societies {continued).

Royal Asiatic Society. Journal, vol. 16, part 2. London,
1856, 8vo. The Society.

Eoyal Astronomical Society.

Memoirs, vol. 24. London, 1856, 4to.
Monthly Notices, vol. 15. lb. 1855, 8vo. The Society.
Eoyal Geographical Society.

Journal, vol. 25. London, 1855, 8vo.
Proceedings, nos. 1-3. lb. 1856, 8vo. The Society.

Society of Arts. Journal, nos. 163-188. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Society.
Zoological Society.

Proceedings, nos. 296-298- London, 1855, 8vo.
Illustrations to ditto, for 1850-52, 8vo. The Society.

Madrid : — Real Academia de Ciencias.

Memorias. 3 ra serie. Ciencias Jtfaturales, tomo 1, pte. 3.
Madrid, 1853, 4to.

l ra serie. Ciencias HJxactas, tomo 1, pte. 1. lb.

1853, 4to.
Eesumen de las Actas, &c. lb. 1851-53, 4to.

The Academy.
Munich : — Konigl. Bayerische Akademie der "Wissenschaften.
Abhandlungen der mathem.-physikal. Classe, bd. 7, abth. 3.

Miinchen, 1855, 4to.
G-elehrte Aiizeigen, bande 40 & 41. lb. 1855, 4to.
Almanach fur das Jahr 1855. lb. 8vo.
Verzeichniss von Yerlagsschriften der Akademie, 8vo.
Eeden gehalten von Pr. von Thiersch, Nov. 28, 1854?
Marz 28, 1855, & Nov. 28, 1855. Miinchen, 1855,
4to.
Denkrede auf Dr. Thad. Siber & Dr. GJ-. S. Ohm, vorge-
tragen am 28 Marz, 1855, von Dr. Lamont. lb. 1855, 4to.
Ueber die Grliederung der Bevolkerung des Konigreichs
Bayern, von Dr. von Hermann. lb. 1855, 4to.

The Academy.
Neustadt a.-d.-H. : — Pollichia (ein naturwissenschaftliche Yerein
der Bayerischen Pfalz.) . Jahresberichte 12 & 13. Neu-
stadt a.-d.-H., 1854-55, 8vo. The Association.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne : — Tyneside Naturalists' Pield Club.

Transactions, vol. 2. part 4, and vol. 3, part 1. Newcastle,
1854-55, 8vo. The Club.

ix additions to the library.

Titles. Donors.

Academies and Societies (continued).
Paris : —

Societe Botanique. Bulletin, tome 1, nos. 2-7, tome 2,
nos. 1-11, and tome 3, no. 1. Paris, 1854-56, 8vo.

The Society.
Academie des Sciences de l'lnstitut de France. Comptes
rendus, tomes 40 & 41. Paris, 1855, 4to. The Academy.
Philadelphia : — Academy of Natural Sciences.

Journal, new series, vol. 2, part 4. Philadelphia, 1854, fol.
Proceedings, vol. 2, no. 2, vol. 6, nos. 7-12, and vol. 7, no. 1.
lb. 1853-54, 8vo. The Academy.

Stettin : — Entomologischer Verein.

Entomologische Zeitung, jahrgang 16. Stettin, 1855, 8vo.
Linnaea Entomologica, band 10. Berlin, 1855, 8vo.

The Association.
Turin: — Eeale Accademia delle Scienze. Memorie, Serie 2,
tomo 15. Torino, 1855, 4to. The Academy.

Vienna : —

Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaffcen. Sitzungsberichte,
Mathem.-naturw. Classe. Band 16, heft 2, and band 17,
heft 1-3. Wien, 1855, 8vo. The Academy.

K. K. Geologische Reichsanstalt.

Abhandlungen, band 2. "Wien, 1855, 4to.
Jahrbuch, jahrg. 6, nos.l & 2. lb. 1855, 8vo.The Institute.
Wurzburg : — Physicalisch-medicinische G-esellschaft. Verhand-
lungen, band 6, hefte 2 & 3. Wurzburg, 1855-56, 8vo.

The Society.

Alder (J.) and Hancock (A.) Monograph of the British Nudi-
branchiate Mollusca, pts. 1-4. London, 1845-48, fol.

R. Kippist, Esq., Libr. L.S.

Backhouse (J. jun.) Monograph of the British Hieracia. York,
1856, 8vo. The Author.

Baily (E.) Journal of a Tour in unsettled parts of North America
in 1796 & 1797. London, 1856, 8vo. Miss Baily.

Belcher (Sir E.) The last of the Arctic Voyages ; being a Nar-
rative of the Expedition in H.M.S. "Assistance," in search of
Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-54 ; with Notes on
the Natural History, by Sir J. Bichardson, Professor Owen, T.
Bell, J. W. Salter, and L. Reeve. 2 vols. London, 1855, 8vo.
The Publisher, L. Reeve, Esq., F.L.S.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY, lxi

Titles. Donors.

Bentley (E.) On a monstrosity of the Papaver bracteatum, 1856,
8vo. The Author.

On the distinctive characters of the roots of Aconitum Na-

pellus and Cochlearia Armoracia. 1856, 8vo. The Author.
Brewer (J. A.) New Mora of the Neighbourhood of Beigate,
Surrey. London, 1856, 8vo. The Author.
Burchell (W. J.) Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. 2
vols. London, 1822-24, 4to. The Author.
Dallas (~W. S.) Natural History of the Animal Kingdom. Lon-
don, 1856, 8vo. The Author.
Dana (J. D.) Second Supplement to his Mineralogy, 1856, 8vo.
Science and the Bible : a Beview of " The Six Days of Cre-
ation," by Prof. T. Lewis. Andover (Mass.), 1856, 8vo.

The Author.
Ferguson (W.) America, by Biver and Bail. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Author.
Hanley (S.) Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia : the Shells of Linnaeus, de-
termined from his MSS. and Collections. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Author.

Headland (F. "W".) On poisoning by the root of Aconitum JVa~

pellus. London, 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Hooker (J. D.) Botany of the Antarctic Voyage : Division 3.

Flora of Tasmania ; parts 1 & 2. London, 1855-56, 4to.

The Author and Publisher.

Johnson (C.) and Sowerby (J. E.) Fern-Allies of Great Britain,

parts 3-6. London, 1856, 8vo. J. E. Sowerby, Esq.

Johnston (G.) History of British Zoophytes. London, 1838, 8vo.

William Tarrell, Esq., V.P.L.S.

History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. Edinburgh,

1842, 8vo. T. C. Janson, Esq., F.L.S.

Jones (T. B.) Notes- on the Palaeozoic Bivalved Entomostraca.
no. 3. 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Journals : —

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Parties Zoologique et Bota-

nique. 4eme serie, tome 4, nos. 1-5. Paris, 1855, 8vo.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 2nd series, nos. 97-
102. London, 1856, 8vo.

Bichard Taylor, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Botanical Magazine ; edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H., F.B.S.
and L.S. 3rd series, nos. 133-138. London, 1856, 8vo.

llii ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Titles. Donors.

Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany; edited by

Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H. &c. Nos. 84-89. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Publisher, L. Reeve, Esq., F.L.S.

LinnaBa; herausgegebenvonD.F.L.vonSchlechtendal. Band 26,

heft 3, and band 27, heft. 2-4. HaUe, 1853-55, 8vo.

The Editor.

Literary Gazette, nos. 2033-2040, and New Series, nos. 1-18.

London, 1856, 4to. The Publisher, L. Eeeve, Esq., F.L.S.

Medical Independent, and Monthly Review of Medicine and

Surgery; by Drs. Goadby, Kane, and Robinson, nos. 1-3,

Detroit, U.S., 1856, 8vo. Henry Goadby, M.D., F.L.S.

Nya Botaniska Notiser, nos. 9-12 for 1854, and nos. 1-12 for

1855. Utgifne af K. P. Thedenius. Stockholm, 1854-56, 8vo.

The Editor.

Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions ; edited by Jacob Bell,

Esq.,:P.L.S. Nos. 175-180. London, 1856, 8vo. The Editor.

Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4th series,

nos. 69-74. London, 1856, 8vo.

Richard Taylor, Esq., Under-Sec. L.S.
Phytolegist : new series, nos. 9-14. London, 1856, 8vo.

The Publisher, W. Pamplin, Esq., A.L.S.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; by Edwin Lan-
kester, M.D., and George Busk, Esq. Nos. 14 & 15. Lon-
don, 1856, 8vo. The Microscopical Society.
Zoologist ; edited by Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S. Nos. 159-
164. London, 1856, 8vo. The Editor.
Kirby (Rev. W.) and Spence (W.) Introduction to Entomology.
7th edition. London, 1856, 8vo.

William Spence, Esq., F.R. &L.S.
Lindley (J.) Folia Orchidacea, vol. 1. London, 1852-55, 8vo.

The Author.

Lowe (E. J.) Natural History of Ferns, British and Exotic, parts

1-14. London, 1855-56, 8vo. The Author.

Lucae (J. C. G.) Symmetria et Asymmetria Organorum Animali-

tatis ; imprimis Cranii. Marburgi, 1839, 4to. The Author.

Lyell (Sir C.) On the successive changes of the Temple of Serapis.

1856, 8vo. • The Author.

Macarthur (Sir W.) and Moore (C.) Catalogue des Collections de

bois indigenes de la Colonie "New South Wales," Australia.

Paris (1855), 4to. William Matchwick, Esq.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. lxiii

Titles. Donors.

Macgillivray (W.) Natural History of the Dee-side and Braemar ;

edited by Edwin Lankester, M.D., F.R.S. London, 1855, 8vo.

H.E.H. Prince Albert, Hon.M.L.S.

Martineau (H.) Guide to the English Lakes ; with an account of
the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Mosses of the district ; by
W. Dickinson, F.L.S. Windermere (1855), 8vo.

William Dickinson, Esq.

Martins (Ch.) Memoire sur la temperature des Oiseaux Palmi-
pedes du Nord de l'Europe. Montpellier, 1856, 4to.

The Author.

Martius (C. F. von) Beitrag zur Natur- und Literar-Geschichte
der Agaveen. Miinchen, 1855, 4to. The Author.

Tabulae Vegetationis in Brasilia physiognomiam illustrantes,

1856, fol. The Author.

Moore (T.) Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland (Nature-printed),
parts 10-15. London, 1856, fol. Henry Bradbury, Esq.

Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants, part 13. London, 1856,

8vo. The Author.

Miiller (F.) Report of his Journey to Omeo, 1854, \ sheet ; and

Annual Report, as Government Botanist, for 1854. Mel-
bourne, 1855, fol. H.M. Government.

Planchon (J. E.) Des Hermodactes, au point de vue Botanique
et Pharmaceutique. Paris, 1856, 4to. The Author.

Eadlkofer (L.) Die Befruchtung der Phanerogamen. Leipzig,
1856, 4to. The Author.

Salter (T. B.) Monthly Lists (for Jan. Feb. and April, 1856) of
the plants flowering in the open air in Ryde and the neigh-
bourhood. The Author.

Shuttleworth (R. J.) Notitiaa Malacologies : oder, Beitrage zur
nahern Kenntniss der Mollusken. Heft 1. Bern, 1856, 8vo.

The Author.

Smith (W.) Synopsis of the British Diatomaceae, the plates by T.
West. vol. 2. London, 1856, 8vo. The Author.

South (Sir J.) Letter in reply to the Obituary Notice of the late
Rev. R. Sheepshanks. London, 1856, 8vo. The Author.

Ville (G!) Recherches experimentales sur la Vegetation. Paris,
1856, 8vo. The Author.

Walker (F.) Insecta Saundersiana. Diptera, parts 2 & 5. Lon-
don, 1850-56, 8vo. W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.L.S.

Insecta Britannica. Diptera. vol 3. lb. 1856, 8vo.

T. C. Janson, Esq., F.L.S.

lxiv DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

Titles. Donobs.

Wrottesley (Lord) Address read at the Anniversary Meeting of
the Royal Society, Nov. 30, 1855. London, 1855, 8vo.

The Royal Society.
Yates (J.) Narrative of the Origin and Formation of the Inter-
national Association for obtaining a uniform Decimal System of
Measures, "Weights, and Coins. 2nd edition. London, 1856,
8vo. The Author.

Anon. Correspondence relating to the Lancet Sanitary Commis-
sion ; with an appendix of documents. London, 1856, 8vo.

Dr. Hassall.

donations

TO THE

MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

[Continued from page xvi.]

Donations. Donoes.

Photographic Portraits of Thomas Bell, Esq., Pres.L.S. ; Robert

Brown, Esq., V.P. ; Francis Boott, Esq., M.D., V.P. ; William

Tarrell, Esq., Y.P. ; J. S. Bowerbank, Esq., F.L.S. ; and N. B.

Ward, Esq., F.L.S. Messrs. Maull and Polyblank.

Dried Specimens of Arctic Plants, collected by Dr. Rae.

Sir John Richaedson, C.B., F.R. & L.S.
Dried Specimens of about 130 species of East Australian Plants,
collected by Dr. Ferdinand Miiller. Dr. Mulleb.

Cluster of the fruit of Alpinia Renealmia ? from Jamaica.

Gh Robeets, Esq., through D. Hanbuey, Esq., F.L.S.
Specimens of the fruit of Paulownia imperialis, Sieb. & Zucc,
ripened during the last summer in the open air at Paris.

William Matchwick, Esq.
Specimen (in spirit) of Sphceria militaris, growing from the chry-
salis of an insect ; found by the Rev. C. A. Johns in June, 1855,
among dead leaves, in Buckleigh Yale, Devon.

Rev. C. A. Johns, B.A., F.L.S.

JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON

On the Katepo, a supposed poisonous Spider of New Zealand ;
extracted from a letter addressed by Thomas Shearman
Balph, Esq., A.L.S., to R. Kippist, Esq., Libr. L.S., dated
Wellington, New Zealand, 18th April, 1855.

[Read November 6th, 1855.]

This spider is chiefly, if not only, met with under the low
scrubby bushes which exist on the sand-hills along the shore ; and
is frequent in the neighbourhood of Otaki. They build their
retreat under the branches of the shrubs close to the ground, and
make no regular net, but irregular galleries of webbing, entangled
with bits of leaves and minute fragments of wood ; and judging
from the remains of beetles' wings, I suppose that their principal
food consists of insects of that class. Their nests are round, and
contain from fifty to sixty eggs: when first hatched, the young-
present a very different appearance from the full-grown spiders.
I have several times kept them in a bottle ; but although fed with
sand flies, and occasionally with fine fragments of raw beef, on
which I have seen them occupied, they entangle each other and so
get destroyed : otherwise I have not been able to obtain casts of
their skins. At this period they are white, dotted with black
spots, there being about six pairs of black dots along the body ;
and the legs are banded with black marks. The next stage, or
Linn. Pkoc. — Zoology. 1

2 ME. BELL ON THE HABITS OF AEGYEONETA AQUATICA.

at least one larger in size, has the body white or grey, with a
beautiful orange-coloured band along the whole length of the back.
This band is angulated, consisting of a series of squares, placed
obliquely and connected at their angles with an edging of white ;
and on each side of it are two smaller black ones similarly con-
stituted ; the limbs are banded with brownish marks. The full-
grown spider is of a beautiful black ; the golden band is exchanged
for an orange-red one of the same shape ; but as the successive
coats are thrown off, it ceases to be marked at the thoracic end,
being visible only towards the tail. The body of the female is
larger and rounder. This spider is reputed to be venomous by
the natives, who will not touch them on any account ; but how far
this is really the case I am scarcely able to determine, having
only met with one European, who affirmed that he had been
bitten by one, and had had an inflamed leg in consequence ; but
his belief in the cause of this inflammation was founded on na-
tive authority. I have hitherto only been able myself to make
with them the following experiment : — I placed a lively unhurt
mouse in a glass bottle with a fine Katepo, and by dint of
shaking the bottle, at length induced the spider to bite the mouse
in two places, first on the tail, and secondly on the paw, which
latter injury the mouse resented by biting the spider and killing
it. The mouse was kept supplied with air, and was found dead
within eighteen hours, its body being wet, as though a quantity of
urine had been discharged over it. The bottle was quite dry and
clear before the spider and mouse were placed in it.

Bemarks on some Habits of Argyroneta aquatica. By Thomas
Bell, Esq., Pres. L.S.

[Eead November 20th, 1855.]
Ik consequence of some observations which were made by Mr.
Gosse at the last Meeting of the Society, in which he stated his
opinion that the Argyroneta never fills its bell with air brought
from the surface, but that it becomes gradually filled with oxygen
evolved from the vegetation casually going on beneath the web, I
immediately obtained several specimens of the animal for the pur-
pose of setting the question at rest, and the following are the
results of my observations : —

No. 1. Placed in an upright cylindrical vessel of water, in which
was a rootless plant of Stratiotes, on the afternoon of Nov. 14.
By the morning it had constructed a very perfect oval cell filled

MR. BELL ON THE HABITS OF ARGYRONETA AQUATICA. 3

with air, about the size of an acorn. In this it has remained
stationary up to the present time.

No. 2. — Nov. 15. In another similar vessel, also furnished with
a plant of Stratiotes, I placed six Argyronetce. The one now
referred to began to weave its beautiful web about five o'clock in
the afternoon. After much preliminary preparation, it ascended
to the surface, and obtained a bubble of air, with which it imme-
diately and quickly descended, and the bubble was disengaged from
the body, and left in connexion with the web. As the nest was,
on one side, in contact with the glass, enclosed in an angle formed
by two leaves of the Stratiotes, I could easily observe all its move-
ments. Presently it ascended again and brought down another
bubble which was similarly deposited. In this way no less than
fourteen journeys were performed, sometimes two or three, very
quickly one after another, at other times with a considerable
interval between them, during which the little animal was em-
ployed in extending and giving shape to the beautiful transparent
bell, getting into it, pushing it out at one place, and rounding it
at another, and strengthening its attachment to the supports. At
length it seemed to be satisfied with its dimensions, when it crept
into it and settled itself to rest with the head downwards. The
cell was now the size and nearly the form of half an acorn cut
transversely, the smaller and rounded part being uppermost.

No. 3. The only difference between the movements of this and
the former was, that it was rather quicker in forming its cell. In
neither vessel was there a single bubble of oxygen evolved by the
plant.

The manner in which the animal possesses itself of the bubble
of air is very curious, and, as far as I know, has never been ex-
actly described. It ascends to the surface slowly, assisted by a
thread attached to the leaf or other support below, and to the sur-
face of the water. As soon as it comes near the surface, it turns
with the extremity of the abdomen upwards, and exposes a portion
of the body to the air for an instant ; then with a jerk it snatches
as it were a bubble of air, which is not only attached to the hairs
which cover the abdomen, but is held on by the two hinder legs,
which are crossed at an acute angle near their extremity ; this
crossing of the legs taking place at the instant the bubble is seized.
The little creature then descends more rapidly, and regains its
cell, always by the same route, turns the abdomen within it, and
disengages the bubble.

No. 4. Several of them, when I received them, had the hair on

1*

4 MR. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

the abdomen wetted, and I placed them on some blotting-paper
until they were dry. On returning them to the water, two re-
mained underneath a floating piece of cork, and the hair being
now dry retained the pellicle of air which is ordinarily observed.
One of the two came out of the water, attached the cork to the
glass, and wove a web against the latter, against which it rested
about a quarter of an inch above the surface of the water After
remaining there about two days, it resumed its aquatic habits, and
like all the others formed its winter habitation. I have now no
fewer than ten which have formed their cells, in which they are
perfectly at rest, and evidently hibernating.

The general habits of this interesting animal are well described
by De Lignac, De Greer, Walckenaer, and others, and an excellent
resume of the whole observations is given by the latter author, in
his ' Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Apteres.'

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Singapore and
Malacca by Mr. A. R. "Wallace, with Descriptions of New
Species. By Francis "Walker, Esq., F.L.S.

[Bead January 15th, 1856.]

Mr. A. E. Wallace, so well known for his natural-history re-
searches in the valley of the Amazons, and for the extensive and
valuable collections sent home by him from that portion of South
America, has now turned his attention to the eastern world, and
is actively investigating the natural history of the East Indian
Islands, after having spent some months on the Malay Peninsula.
A large portion of Mr. Wallace's entomological collections pass
into my hands, and being desirous of making his labours scienti-
fically useful, I have requested Mr. F. Walker, who has such an
intimate knowledge of the insects belonging to the order Diptera, to
draw up the following catalogue of the dipterous insects discovered
by Mr. Wallace at Singapore and Malacca. My object in so
doing is to establish a kind of starting-point for tracing hereafter,
when all Mr. Wallace's collections shall have come to hand, the
geographical distribution of the Diptera in the very interesting
portion of the globe which Mr. Wallace is now investigating with
such indefatigable zeal. Singapore and Malacca, at the extremity
of the Malay Peninsula, are well placed for carrying out the pur-
pose I have in view, being in connexion northwards through the

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. O

Burman Empire with the expanded continent of Asia, and south-
wards in close approximation with that archipelago of splendid
islands which run in a chain to the north coast of Australia, and
send off a branch northwards through the Philippine Islands to
the coast of China, touching there again the mainland of Asia.
The present catalogue will be followed very shortly by one detail-
ing the species of Diptera discovered in Borneo, the materials for
which are now nearly all in this country, and other catalogues will
follow until Mr. Wallace's discoveries in the Diptera are exhausted.
That Mr. Wallace will be able to visit all the islands of the Indian
Archipelago is not to be expected ; but still, his plan of exploring
those which have been but little examined in a natural-history point
of view, will open up a large amount of information, which, when
combined with the labours of other naturalists who have been
working in the same districts, will give sufficient facts for laying
down some laws on the geographical distribution of the insects
belonging to the Order which forms the subject of the following
catalogue. The specimens collected at Singapore and Malacca
were taken during the six months commencing with May and ter-
minating with October. Where the altitude of the locality above
the level of the sea of any species is known, this will be found
noted in the proper place, figures will be given to illustrate new
genera or any very remarkable species.

William Wilson Saunders.

14th January, 1856. «

Earn. BIBIONID^E, Holiday.
Gen. Plecia, Hoffmansegg.

1. Plecia dorsalis, n. s., mas et fcem. Atra, thorace rufo, alis nigrican-
tibus.

Male and female. Deep black. Thorax bright pale red. Wings blackish.

Length of the body 2^-3^ lines ; of the wings 7-8 lines.
The totally red thorax of this species distinguishes it from P.fulvicollis, Wied.,
and from P. ignicollis, Walk.
Singapore and Mount Ophir.

Fam. CULICID^E, Haliday.
Gen. Culex, Linn.

2. Culex splendens, Wied. Aass. Ztveifl. i. 3: 3.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

3. Culex fuscanus, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. i. 6. 9.
Malacca. Inhabits also Hindostan.

5 MR. WALKER S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

4. Culex ANNULIPES, ii. s., foem. Obscure fuscus, thoracis abdorninisque
lateribus albo-punctatis, pedibus albo-cinctis, alia sublimpidis venis fusco-
ciliatis.

Female. Dark brown. Sides of the thorax and of the abdomen with minute
white dots. Legs with numerous white bands. Wings nearly limpid ;
veins brown, ciliated. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Singapore. (Jungle.)

Fam. TIPTJIADM.

G-en. Limnobia, Meigen.

Div. I. Meig. Zweifl. i. 131. pi. 5. f. 5.

5. Limnobia letjcotelus, n. s., mas. Atra, alis nigricantibus, macula discali
limpida, margine postico subcinereo, apice albo.

Male. Deep black. Wings blackish, with a discal limpid spot ; posterior
border slightly greyish for rather more than half the length from the base ;
tips white. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Singapore.

6. Limnobia plecioides, n. s., fcem. Atra, thorace pallide rufo, alis nigri-
cantibus.

Female. Deep black. Thorax pale red. Wings blackish. Length of the body

7 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.
Singapore.

Div. L. Meig. Zweifl. i. 132. pi. 5. f. 4.

The structure of the wing- veins in the above division is almost, but not quite,
identical with that of the following species.

7. Limnobia dicheoa, n. s., foem. Atra, antennis ferrugineis basi apiceque
nigris, abdomine luteo, basi fasciaque latissima postica nigris, pedibus
testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris, alis fuscescentibus costa
testacea.

Female. Deep black. Antenna? ferruginous, black at the base and at the
tips. Abdomen luteous, black at the base and with a very broad black
band beyond the middle. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora and
of the tibiae black. Wings brownish, testaceous at the base and along the
costa. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Mount Ophir.

Gen. Ctenophora, Fabr.

8. Ctenophoea chrysophila, n. s., foem. Lutea, abdominis apice nigro,
pedibus pallide luteis, femoribus apice tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis flavescen-
tibus apice nigris margine postico interrupte nigricante.

Female. Bright luteous. Abdomen black towards the tip. Legs pale luteous ;
tibiae, tarsi, and tips of the femora black. Wings yellowish, black towards
the tips, irregularly and interruptedly blackish along the posterior border.
Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 Hues.

Singapore.

COLLECTED AT SIXOAPORE AND MALACCA. 7

Fam. STEATIOMID^, Holiday.
Gen. Ptilocera, Wied.

9. Ptilocera quadridentata, Fair. Syst. Antl. 86. 33. (Stratiomys.)
Malacca and Singapore. Inhabits also Java, Sumatra, and the Philippino

Islands.

Gen. Stratiomys, Geoffroy.

10. Stratiomys Lutatius, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 3. 532.
Malacca.

Gen. Clitellaria, Meigen.

11. Clitellaria bivittata, Fabr. Syst. Antl. 79. 5. (Stratiomys.)
Singapore. Inhabits also Java and Sumatra.

12. Clitellaria varia, Walk. Cat. Dipt. 2nd Ser. pt. 1. 63.
Malacca. Inhabits also Java.

13. Clitellaria flaviceps, n. s., foem. Nigra, capite flavo, thorace cinereo
trivittato, scutello bispinoso, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo, ahs cinereis apud
costam nigricantibus.

Female. Black. Head pale yellow. Antennae a little shorter than the thorax.
Thorax a little narrower in front, with three grey stripes. Scutellum with
two stout spines. Abdomen purplish blue ; disk beneath hoary. Wings
dark grey, blackish along the costa; veins black. Halteres whitish.
Var. /3. Smaller. Spines of the scutellum and tarsi whitish, with black
tips. Length of the body 2£-3i lines ; of the wings 5-7 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Cyclooaster, Macquart.

14. Cyclogaster radians, n. s., fcem. Nigra, capite nitido, antennis fulvis
arista albida, thorace cinereo radiis quinque nigris, abdomine subrotundo,
tarsis albidis, ahs cinereis.

Female. Black, rather broad. Head shining. Antennae tawny, with a
pubescent white arista which is as long as the preceding part. Thorax
cinereous, with five black rays, three in front and one on each side. Scutel-
lum obconical, prominent. Abdomen nearly round, cinereous, with three
rows of black spots. Knees and the adjoining part tawny ; tarsi whitish.
Wings limpid ; veins testaceous. Halteres whitish. Length of the body
3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Phyllophora, Macquart.

15. Phyllophora angtosta, n. s., mas. Nigra, angusta, sublinearis, antennis
setaceis basi fulvis, thorace producto cinereo -bivittato, pedibus testaceis,
femoribus posterioribus supra piceis, alis cinereis, venis halteribusque
fuscis. *

Male. Black, narrow, nearly linear. Antennae setaceous, tawny towards the
base, a little longer than the head. Thorax elongated, with two cinereous
stripes. Scutellum with four very minute spines. Abdomen hardly broader

MR. WALKERS CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

and not longer than the thorax. Legs testaceous j posterior femora piceous
above. Wings cinereous ; veins and halteres brown. Length of the body
2£ hnes ; of the wings 4£ lines.
Singapore.

Gen. Eudmeta, Wied.

16. Eudmeta marginata, Fabr. Syst. Antl. 63. 3. (Hermetia.)
Singapore. Inhabits also Java, Sumatra, and Hindostan.

I

Gen. Massicyta, n. g. {Plate I. fig. 1 .)

Corpus longiusculum, sat angustuni. Caput trans versum, breve, thorace vix
latius. Antenna graciles, thorace paulld breviores ; articulus l u * linearis ;
2 US longi-fusiformis, 1° vix longior; 3 US acuminatus, minimus. Thorax
longi-ellipticus. Abdomen obclavatum, subpetiolatum, thorace plus dupld
longius. Pedes graciles. Alee elongatae, sat angustae.

Body rather long and narrow. Head transverse, short, very little broader
than the thorax. Antennae slender, a little shorter than the thorax ;
1st joint linear ; 2nd elongate fusiform, very little longer than the 1st ;
3rd acuminated, very minute. Thorax elongate elliptical. Abdomen ob-
clavate, subpetiolated, a little more than twice the length of the thorax.
Legs slender. Wings rather long and narrow ; mediastinal, subcostal,
radial and cubital veins, and median veinlet of the usual structure ; 1st,
2nd and 4th externo-medial veins complete; 3rd abbreviated; subanal
joining the anal at some distance from the border ; discal areolet irregularly
hexagonal, elongated, narrower towards the tip of the wing. .

17. Massicyta bicoloe, n. s., foem. Nigra, antennis basi testaceis apice
albis, pectore scutelloque flavis, illo nigro bimaculato, abdomine testaceo
fasciato, pedibus flavis, femoribus anterioribus tibiisque posticis fusco
fasciatis, femoribus posticis nigris, alis cinereis, apud costam subluridis.

Female. Black, shining, with testaceous pubescence. Mouth testaceous. An-
tennae testaceous towards the base, white at the tips. Pectus and scutellum
yellow, the former with a large black spot on each side. Abdomen with
testaceous bands. Legs yellow ; hind femora black ; anterior femora and
hind tibia? with brown bands. Wings grey, with a slight lurid tinge along
the costa ; veins black. Halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 6-7 lines ;
of the wings 10-12 lines.

Singapore.

G-eii. Sargus, Fabr.

18. Sargus longipennis, Wied. Auss. Zweijl. ii. 34. 11.
Malacca. Inhabits also Java.

19. Sargus luridtts, n. s., mas. Ferrugineus, capite pectoreque testaceis,
antennis fulvis, abdominis segmentis testaceo-fasciatis, apice nigro, pedibus
testaceis, tibiis posticis apice nigris, tarsis posticis nigris apice albidis, alis
luridis apice fuscis.

Male. Ferruginous. Head and pectus testaceous. Antennae tawny. Ab-
domen black towards the tip ; a testaceous band on the hind border of each

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 9

segment. Legs testaceous ; hind tibiae black towards the tips ; hind tarsi
black, with whitish tips. Wings lurid, brown towards the tips ; veins
brown. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings
14 lines.
Singapore.

Earn. TABANID^E, Leach.
Gen. Tabanus, Linn.

20. Tabanus univentris, Walk. Cat. Dipt, pt. 1. 151.

The description in the above reference will not well apply to the two folio whig
varieties of this species.

Var. 1. Female. Brown. Head testaceous in front and beneath. Thorax
with two testaceous stripes. Abdomen ferruginous, tawny beneath and
with a dorsal stripe of tawny triangular spots. Legs blackish ; femora and
tibiae partly testaceous. Wings dark grey. — Var. 2. Like Yar. 1. Ab-
domen blackish above, with a dorsal stripe of testaceous spots.
Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Borneo.

21. Tabantts paktittjs, n. s., foem. Nigricans, subtus albidus, antennis fulvis
apice nigris, thorace cinerascente cano-quadrivittato, abdomine piceo albido-
trivittato, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigrican-
tibus, alis subcinereis.

Female. Blackish ; underside and head behind with whitish tomentum. An-
tennae dull tawny, black towards the tips ; angle of the 3rd joint minute
and obtuse. Thorax greyish, with four hoary stripes. Abdomen piceous,
with three whitish 3tripes. Legs testaceous ; tarsi and tips of the femora
and of the tibiae blackish. Wings greyish, stigma and veins black ; fore
branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly straight. Length of the body
6 lines j of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

Note. — T. rubidus, Wied., is very closely allied to the above species, but may
be distinguished from it by the following characters.

T. rubidus. Front with the callus quite entire. Antennae blackish. Middle

stripe of the abdomen composed of triangular spots. Wings greyish.
T. partitus. Smaller. Front with the callus almost interrupted. Antennae

pale tawny, with darker tips. Middle stripe of the abdomen entire, parallel.

Wings quite limpid.

Gen. Chrysops, Meigen.

22. Chrysops dispar, Fabr. Syst. Awtl. 112. 5.

Mount Ophir and Malacca. Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.

Fam. ASILID.E, £each.
Subfam. Dasypogonites, Walk.
Gen. Discocephala, Macquart.

23. Discocephala doksalis, n. s., foem. Nigricans, thorace subgibboso,

10 MB. WALKEB' S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

lateribus pectoreque testaceis, pedibus posticis longiusculis sat validis, tibiis
posticis subarcuatis, alis subcinereis apice obscurioribus.

Female., Blackish. Thorax somewhat gibbous ; sides and pectus testaceous.
Hind legs rather long and stout ; hind tibise somewhat curved. Wings
greyish, rather darker at the tips ; veins black. Length of the body 5 lines ;
of the wings 12 lines.

Malacca.

Subfam. Laphrites, Walk.
Gen. Laphria, Fair.

24. Laphria Reinwardtii, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. i. 503. 7.
Malacca. Inhabits also Java and Sumatra.

25. Laphria notabilis, n. s., mas et foem. Nigra, capite thoracisque maculis
quatuor transversis lateralibus auratis aut albis, abdominis lateribus albo-
maculatis, pedibus pallide flavis aut albis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsis-
que nigris, alis fuscis basim versus sublimpidis.

Male and Female. Black. Head with pale gilded or white tomentum. Face
convex towards the epistoma. Mystax with a few black bristles. Proboscis
straight, porrect, linear. Third joint of the antennae slender, linear, about
twice the length of the 1st and 2nd together. Thorax with two transverse
marks on each side of gilded or white tomentum ; scutellum, sides of the
hind part of the thorax, and spots on the pectus of the same hue. Segments
of the abdomen with a white spot and a few black setae on each side. Legs
pale yellow or white, with hairs of the same hue and with a few black setae ;
coxa?, tarsi, and tips of the femora and of the tibise black. Wings dark
brown, almost limpid towards the base which is brown. Halteres pale
yellow or whitish. Length of the body 7-9 lines ; of the wings 14-18 lines.

Malacca and Mount Ophir.

26. Laphria Vulcanus, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. i. 514. 25.
Malacca. Inhabits also Java.

27. Laphria alternans, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. i. 511. 20.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

28. Laphria Orcus, n. s., foem. Nigra, nigro-hirsuta, scutello nigro-cyaneo,
abdomine pedibusque nigro-purpureis, alis nigricantibus areolarum discis
pallidioribus, halteribus albidis.

Female. Black, with black hairs and bristles. Face slightly convex. Mystax
with numerous black bristles, extending over the whole surface. Scutellum
dark blue. Abdomen and legs dark purple, the latter with whitish hairs
on the coxse. Wings blackish ; disks of several of the areolets much paler ;
veins black. Halteres whitish. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings
14 lines,

Malacca.

29. Laphria aurifacies, Macq. Dipt. Fxot. Suppl. hi. 22. 33, pi. 2. f. 5.
Singapore and Malacca. Inhabits also the Moluccas.

30. Laphria elegans, Walk. Cat. Dipt. 2nd Ser. 551. 126.
Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Hindostan.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AtfD MALACCA. 11

31. Lapheia basifeea, n. 8., fcem. Obscure nigra, capite albido tomentoso,
mystace nigro, antennarum articulo 3° fusiforini, thorace cano-sexvittato,
abdominis lateribus albido-maculatis, apice conipresso, alis subcinereis basi
sublimpidis costae dimidio apicali fuscescente.

Female. Dull black. Head with whitish tomentum and hairs. Face slightly
convex towards the epistoma. Mystax with several black bristles. Proboscis
lanceolate, stout, straight. Third joint of the antennae fusiform, as long as
the 1st and the 2nd. Thorax with six hoary stripes ; the middle pair parallel,
linear, very slender and almost contiguous. Abdomen with whitish spots
along each side, compressed at the tip. Legs with whitish hairs and with
black bristles. Wings greyish, almost limpid towards the base, brownish
along the apical part of the costa ; veins black. Length of the body 6 lines ;
of the wings 12 lines.

Singapore.

This may be the female of the following species.

32. Lapheia eadicalis, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite argenteo, mystace nigro,
antennarum articulo 3° lineari, thorace strigis quatuor lateralibus transversis
vittisque duabus intermediis albidis, abdominis lateribus albido-maculatis,
ventre testaceo, alis nigro-fuscis dimidio basali limpido.

Male. Black. Head beneath with whitish hairs. Face flat, with silvery-
white tomentum. Mystax with a few black bristles. Proboscis linear,
rather slender. Third joint of the antennae linear, a little longer than the
1st and the 2nd. Thorax with two transverse whitish marks on each side,
and with two whitish middle stripes which are broader and further apart
than those of L. has if era. Pectus with testaceous whitish tomentum. Ab-
domen with a row of whitish spots along each side ; underside testaceous
except at the tip. Legs with blackish hairs ; femora with testaceous hairs.
Wings blackish brown, limpid for almost half the length from the base ;
veins black. Halteres whitish. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings
10 lines. *

Mount Ophir, at the height of 4000 feet.

33. Lapheia inatteea, n. s., foem. Obscure nigra, capite, thoracis lateribus,
pectore abdominisque marginibus fulvo-tomentosis, mystace nigro, anten-
narum articulo 3° longi-fusiformi, thorace cinereo-bivittato, abdomine ferru-
gineo, apice nigro, alis obscure fuscis basi pallidioribus.

Female. Dull black. Head, sides of the thorax, pectus, and hind borders of
the abdominal segments with tawny tomentum. Face slightly convex
towards the epistoma. Mystax with a few black bristles. Third joint of the
antennae very elongate-fusiform, longer than the 1st and the 2nd. Thorax
with two parallel cinereous stripes. Abdomen ferruginous, black and
shining towards the tip ; underside somewhat cinereous. Legs with tawny
hairs. Wings dark brown, somewhat paler towards the base ; veins black.
Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Singapore.

34. Lapheia basigutta, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite aureo, mystace nigro, an-
tennarum articulo 3° lineari, thorace abdomineque fulvo-tomentosis, alis
nigricantibus basi sublimpidis.

Male. Black. Face almost flat, with pale gilded tomentum. Mystax with

12 MR. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS

very few black bristles. Proboscis linear, more slender tban that of L. radi-
calis. Third joint of the antennee linear, a little longer than the 1st and
the 2nd, more slender than that of L. radicalis. Thorax with dull tawny
tomentum ; pectus more cinereous. Abdomen more slightly tawny. Legs
with cinereous hairs and black bristles. Wings blackish, almost limpid
towards the base ; veins black. Halteres tawny. Length of the body 5 lines ;
of the wings 9 lines.
Singapore.

35. Lapheia fusifeea, n. s., foam. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido,
mystace nigro, antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi, thoracis vittis duabus
pectoreque canis, abdomine apicem versus rufo, alis subcinereis apud costse
dimidium apicale fuscescentibus.

Allied to L. crassipes, Fabr. Female. Blaek, with greyish tomentum. Head
whitish in front, with white hairs beneath ; face very convex towards the
epistoma. Mystax with a few black bristles. Proboscis oblique, ascending,
stout, straight, lanceolate. Third joint of the antennae fusiform. Thorax
with two hoary stripes ; sutures and pectus hoary. Abdomen pale red
towards the tip which is compressed. Legs with whitish hairs and black
bristles. "Wings greyish, brownish for half the breadth along the apical
half of the costa ; veins black. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings
12 lines.

Singapore.

36. Lapheia SOF.EIA, n. s., foem. Nigra, fulvo - tomentosa, capite albo,
mystace nigro, abdominis apice glabro, tibiis ferrugineis, alis cinereis basi
sublimpidis.

Female. Black. Face flat, with shining white tomentum. Mystax with a
few black bristles. Proboscis straight, slender, linear. Thorax and abdomen
with tawny tomentum, the latter bare and shining towards the tip. Pectus
more cinereous. Tibiae somewhat ferruginous. Wings dark cinereous,
almost limpid towards the base ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length
of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

37. Lapheia plana, n. s., mas. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido,
mystace nigro, antennarum articulo 3° elliptico, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis,
halteribus albidis.

Male. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Face whitish, flat. Mystax with
very few black bristles. Proboscis straight, porrect, slightly lanceolate,
somewhat short. Third joint of the antenna? elliptical, a little shorter than
the 1st. Pectus hoary. Legs tawny. Wings grey ; veins black. Halteres
whitish. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.
. Singapore.

38. Lapheia imbellis, n. s., foem. Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido,
mystace albo, antennis fulvis, thoracis strigis transversis quatuor lateralibus
vittisque tribus intermediis canis, abdominis segmentis maculis lateralibus
albidis, pedibus fusco-fulvis, alis limpidis apice fuscis, halteribus albidis.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head with white hairs beneath.
Face whitish, slightly convex towards the epistoma. Mystax with a few

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 13

white bristles. Proboscis lanceolate, short, straight, porrect. Antennae
tawny. Thorax with two transverse hoary marks on each side, and with
three indistinct hoary stripes. Pectus whitish. Abdominal segments with
a transverse whitish spot on each side of the hind border. Legs tawny,
with paler hairs ; coxae black ; anterior tarsi towards the tips, hind tarsi
at the base, and hind tibiae brown. Wings limpid, brown at the tips ;
veins black. Halteres whitish. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings
10 lines.
Singapore. '

Subfam. Asilites, Walk.
Gen. Asilus, Linn.

39. Asilus fttsifoemis, n. s., foem. Niger, cinereo-tomentosus, capite albido,
mystace testaceo, thoracis vittis tribus pectoreque canis, abdominis apice
compresso glabro, pedibus rufis, tarsis nigris, femoribus anterioribus nigro-
maculatis, alis subcinereis.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head whitish in front, rather
thickly clothed with whitish hairs ; a few black bristles behind ; face slightly
convex towards the epistoma. Mystax with several testaceous bristles.
Proboscis stout, straight, lanceolate. Palpi with thick black bristles. An-
tennae black. Thorax with three indistinct hoary stripes. Pectus hoary.
Abdomen oblanceolate, with whitish and black hairs, compressed, shining,
and bare towards the tip. Legs red, very stout, beset with black spines ;
tarsi except at the base and knees black ; a black spot on each of the ante-
rior femora. Wings slightly cinereous ; veins black, tawny at the base
and along the costa. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 13 lines ;
of the wings 24 lines.

Malacca.

40. Asiltjs lineosus, ii. s., fcem. Fuscus, capite subaurato, mystace testaceo
nigroque, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace aureo-quadrivittato, abdomine
fulvo-fasciato, apice nigro compresso transverse ruguloso, tibiis luteis apice
nigris, alis cinereis.

Female. Dark brown. Head with pale gilded tomentum, clothed beneath
with whitish hairs ; face convex towards the epistoma. Mystax with several
testaceous bristles and with a few more slender black bristles. Proboscis
stout, straight, lanceolate. Palpi thickly beset with black bristles. An-
tennae black ; arista almost thrice the length of the 3rd joint which is fusi-
form. Thorax with four dull pale gilded stripes ; sides and pectus cinereous.
Abdomen oblanceolate, with broad fawn-coloured bands, black, shining,
compressed and transversely rugulose towards the tip. Legs black, armed
with black spines ; tibiae pale luteous, with black tips ; onychia pale luteous.
Wings cinereous ; veins black. Halteres ferruginous. Length of the body
12 lines ; of the wings 20 lines.

Singapore.

41. Asilus debilis, n. s., mas. Cinereus, capite navido-albo, mystace testaceo
nigroque, antennis fulvis, thorace fusco-bivittato, abdominis segmentis cano-

14 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

fasciatis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigricantibus,
alia sublimpidis apice nigricantibus.

Male. Cinereous. Head with yellowish-white tomentum, clothed beneath
with white hairs ; face very slightly convex towards the epistoma. Mystax
with a few testaceous, and with still fewer black bristles. Proboscis black,
slightly lanceolate, rather slender. Antenna? tawny ; 3rd joint and arista
black, the latter four times the length of the former which is fusiform.
Thorax with two brown stripes. Pectus hoary. Abdomen with a hoary
band on the hind border of each segment. Legs testaceous, with very few
black bristles ; tarsi, except at the base and tips of the femora and of the
tibia?, black ; hind femora and hind tibia? mostly black. Wings nearly
limpid, blackish towards the tips ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length
of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Malacca.

42. Asiltts xatltascia, n. s., mas. Cinereo-niger, capite albido, mystace
testaceo, thoracis vittis quatuor pectoreque canis, abdomine ferrugineo, basi
apiceque nigris, pedibus fulvis nigro-variis, alis nigricantibus margine pos-
tico fusco.

Male. Black, with a slight cinereous tinge. Head with some whitish hairs
beneath. Face whitish, flat. Mystax with many pale testaceous bristles.
Proboscis straight, slightly lanceolate. Antennae black. Thorax with four
slight hoary stripes. Pectus hoary. Abdomen ferruginous, black at the
base and towards the tip. Legs tawny ; tarsi, hind femora, and tips of the
posterior tibia? black ; anterior femora black above. Wings blackish, brown
along the hind border ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 9 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Singapore.

43. Asilus Barium, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 2. 426.
Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Ceylon and Sumatra.

Gen. Ommatius, Illiger.

44. Ommatius Pennus, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 2. 469.
Malacca. Inhabits also Sumatra, Borneo, and Corea.

45. Ommatius Hecale, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 2. 476.
Singapore.

46. Ommatitts gkacilis, n. s., mas. Nigro-fuscus, facie atra, thoracis late-
ribus pectoreque canis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque
nigris, alis sublimpidis apice cinereis.

Male. Blackish-brown. Face flat, deep black. Proboscis black, rather slender,
slightly lanceolate. Antenna? black. Pectus and sides of the thorax hoary.
Abdomen dull black. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the femora and of the
tibia? black. Wings nearly limpid, dark grey towards the tips ; veins black.
Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Mount Ophir.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 15

Fam. LEPTID^E, Westw.
Gen. Leptis, Fair.

47. Leptis decisa, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite albo, antennis testaceis basi
nigris, thoracis callis testaceis, vittis duabus pectoreque canis, abdomine tes-
taceo, vitta dorsali fasciisque nigris, femoribus testaceis apice nigris, alis
sublimpidis fascia apiceque fuscis.

Male. Black. Head white in front. Antennae testaceous, black towards the
base. Humeral calli testaceous. Thorax with two hoary stripes ; sides and
pectus hoary. Abdomen testaceous, with a black dorsal stripe and a black
band on the hind border of each segment. Femora testaceous, with black
tips ; hind femora black for more than half the length from the tips. Wings
nearly limpid, pale brown towards the tips, and with a darker brown band
which tapers irregularly from the costa to the hind border and crosses the
base of the discal areolet ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of
the body 4J lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Malacca.

Fam. BOMBYLID^S, Leach.
G-en. Anthrax, Fabr.

48. Anthrax degenera, n. s., mas et foem. Nigra, pectore albido, abdominis
lateribus ferrugineis, ventre testaceo, alis subcinereis, pedibus basi testaceis.
Mas. Alis basi et apud costam nigro-fuscis. Foem. Alis plus dimidio
basali nigro-fuscis.

Male and Female. Dull black. Head not broader than long. Antennae
small ; 3rd joint short-conical ; arista somewhat longer than the 3rd joint.
Pectus whitish. Abdomen blackish-brown, ferruginous on each side, testa-
ceous beneath. Legs long, slender. Wings greyish ; veins black ; radial
vein curved towards its tip ; fore fork of the cubital undulating, parallel to
the radial, forming near its base an obtuse angle which emits the stump of
a vein ; hind fork straight ; three nearly straight externo-medial veins ;
2nd connected with the 3rd by an undulating and very oblique veinlet ;
subanal vein near the anal on the border. Halteres testaceous. — Male.
Hind femora testaceous towards the base ; anterior femora dark testaceous.
Wings blackish-brown at the base and along the costa. — Female. Hind
femora testaceous with black tips ; anterior femora paler testaceous. Wings
blackish-brown for much more than half the length from the base. Length
of the body 3| lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

Earn. DOLICHOPIME, Leach.
G-en. Psiloptjs, Meigen.

49. Psiloptjs clarits, n. s., mas. Viridis, capite cyaneo, facie pectoreque
albis, antennis nigris, abdominis segmentis nigro-fasciatis, pedibus testa-
ceis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque nigris, alis limpidis.

Male. Green. Head bright blue, white in front. Proboscis, legs and halteres

16 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

testaceous. Antennae black ; arista as long as the thorax. Pectus white.
Abdominal segments with black bands. Legs long ; tarsi and tips of the
hind tibiae black. Wings limpid ; veins black ; fore branch of the prae-
brachial vein slightly curved ; hind branch extending to the border ; discal
transverse vein rather deeply undulating. Length of the body 4| lines ;
of the wings 8 lines.
Mount Ophir.

50. Psilopus robusttts, n. s., foem. Purpureo-cyaneus, capite purpureo,
facie pectoreque albis, antennis pedibus halteribusque testaceis, thorace
viridi-vario, abdominis fasciis nigris, tarsis apice nigricantibus, alis sub-
cinereis.

Female. Purplish-blue. Head bright purple, white in front. Proboscis and
antennae testaceous ; arista black, full as long as the thorax. Thorax green
on each side and in front. Pectus white. Abdomen with black bands.
Legs long, pale testaceous ; tarsi blackish towards the tips. Wings slightly
greyish ; veins black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein moderately curved;
discal transverse vein moderately undulating. Halteres pale testaceous.
Length of the body. 2^ lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

This may be the female of P. clams.

Singapore.

51. Psilopus sttbnotatus, ii. s., nias. Cyaneus, capite purpureo, facie pectore-
que albis, proboscide antennis pedibusque testaceis, thoracis lateribus anticis
viridibus, abdomine viridi-cyaneo basi apiceque purpurascente, tarsis apice
nigricantibus, alis subcinereis albido-bifasciatis.

Male. Blue. Head purple above, white in front. Proboscis and antennae
testaceous ; arista black, nearly as long as the thorax. Thorax green on
each side in front. Pectus white. Abdomen greenish-blue, purplish at the
base and at the tip. Legs testaceous, rather long ; tarsi blackish towards
the tips. Wings slightly greyish, with two imperfect whitish bands ; hind
border white towards the tip ; costa interruptedly blackish ; veins black ;
fore branch of the praebrachial vein almost straight ; hind branch extending
to the border ; discal transverse vein almost straight, hardly undulating.
Halteres pale testaceous. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Mount Ophir.

52. Psilopus posticus, n. s., mas. Viridis, proboscide antennis abdominis
fasciis pedibusque nigris, tibiis luridis, alis nigris apud marginem posticum
subhmpidis.

Male. Dark green. Head above bluish-green. Proboscis and antennae black ;
arista nearly as long as the body. Abdomen with black bands. Legs black ;
posterior tibiae lurid ; fore tibiae testaceous. Wings black, rather narrow,
nearly limpid along the hind border ; veins black ; fore branch of the prae-
brachial vein slightly curved ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating.
Halteres black. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Malacca.

53. Psilopus tenebeosus, n.s.,foem. Purpureo-niger, facie pectoreque albis,
abdomine purpureo, pedibus fulvis, femoribus apice tarsisque nigricantibus,
alis nigricantibus margine postico fasciaque subhmpidis.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 17

Female. Purplish-black. Head dull black, white in front. Proboscis piceous.
Antennae black ; arista rather shorter than the thorax. Pectus white. Ab-
domen dark purple. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the femora blackish.
Wings blackish, nearly limpid along the hind border, and at two-thirds of
the length with a nearly limpid band which extends from the hind border to
the cubital vein ; veins and halteres black ; fore branch of the prsebrachial
vein very deeply curved ; discal transverse vein almost straight. Length
of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

Fain. SYEPHIDJE, Leach.
Gen. Ceria, Fair.

54. Ceria Javana, Wied. Auss. Zueijl. ii. 81. 1.
Malacca. Inhabits also Java.

Gen. Eristalis, Latr.

55. Eristalis Amphicrates, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 3. 623.
Malacca. Inhabits also Hindostan, Java, and China.

56. Eristalis niger ? Wied. Auss. Zweifi. ii. 183. 45.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java ?

57. Eeistalis singttlakis, n. s., foam. Ater, arista nuda, pedibus posticis
subincrassatis, tibiis anterioribus basi testaceis, alis subcinereis apud costse
medium nigricantibus.

Female. Deep black. Head shining in front. Arista bare. Legs shining j
hind femora rather thick ; hind tibise slightly dilated ; anterior tibiae pale
testaceous towards the base. Wings greyish, with a blackish tinge along
the middle of the costa ; veins black. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Helophiltts, Meigen.

58. Helophiltts insigknis, n. s., fcem. Nigricans, capitis lateribus anticis
pectorisque fasciis duabus testaceis, antennis ferrugineis, thoracis vittis qua-
tuor, scutello abdominisque fasciis tribus luteis, hujus marginibus subchaly-
beis, tibiis fulvis apice nigricantibus, alis subcinereis basi subluridis apud
costa? dimidium apicale fuscescentibus.

Female. Blackish. Head pale testaceous on each side in front. Antennas
ferruginous. Thorax with four luteous stripes. Pectus with a testaceous
band on each side. Scutellum luteous. Abdomen with three luteous bands ;
1st broad, interrupted ; 2nd narrower than the 1st, broader than the 3rd ;
hind borders of the segments slightly chalybeous and shining. Tibise tawny,
with blackish tips. Wings slightly greyish, with a lurid tinge at the base,
and a slight brownish tinge along the costa beyond the middle ; veins black,
tawny towards the costa. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines ;
of the wings 14 lines.

Singapore.
LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 2

18 me. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

Gen. Xylota, Meigen.

59. Xylota conpormis, n. s., fcem. iEnea, capite femoribusque chalybeis,
antennis fulvis, thorace testaceo-bivittato, abdominis fasciis duabus latis
interruptis pedibusque testaceis, alis subcinereis.

Female. iEneous. Head chalybeous, with whitish tomentum in front, with
short white hairs beneath. Proboscis black. Antennae tawny ; arista
bare. Thorax with two testaceous tomentose stripes. Pectus with a testa-
ceous band on each side. Abdomen with two broad interrupted testaceous
bands. Legs testaceous ; femora chalybeous ; tarsi with brownish tips.
Wings slightly greyish ; veins black ; stigma brown. Halteres testaceous.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Mile sia, Latr.

60. Milesia macularis, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. ii. 107. 5.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

61. Milesia Eeinwardtii, Wied. Auss. Zweifl. ii. 104. 1.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

62. Milesia yespoides, n. s., mas. Atra, verticis macula trigona testace&,
abdominis fascia latissima lutea, femoribus posticis extus apices versus
ferrugineis, alis fuscis apice luridis margine postico cinereis.

Male. Deep black. Head with a minute elongate-triangular testaceous spot
• on the vertex ; fore part and humeral calli shining. Abdomen partly
clothed with black hairs, with a very broad luteous band which occupies
rather more than half the hind part of the 2nd segment and the fore half
of the 3rd. Hind femora ferruginous on the outer sides towards the tips.
Wings dark brown, lurid towards the tips, grey along the hind border.
Halteres pale testaceous. Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings 22 lines.
Singapore.

Gen. Syrphus, Fair.

63. Syrphus consequens, n. s., mas et fcem. Luteus, vertice nigro, antennis
nigro-vittatis, thoracis disco chalybeo, abdominis fasciis quatuor atris, femo-
ribus posticis apice necnon tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis subcinereis
apud costam subfuscis.

Closely allied to S. ericetorum. — Male and Female. Pale luteous. Head black
and shining on the vertex by the antennae, pale testaceous in front. Pro-
boscis tawny. Antennae tawny, with a black dorsal stripe ; arista black.
Disk of the thorax chalybeous. Abdomen with four deep black bands on
the hind borders of the segments. Hind tibiae, hind tarsi, and tips of
hind femora black. Wings slightly greyish, with a brown tinge along
the costa ; veins black. Halteres pale testaceous. — Female. Vertical callus
capitate. Length of the body 4|-5| lines ; of the wings 10-12 lines.

Singapore and Mount Ophir.

64. Syrphus duplex, n. s., mas et fcem. Chalybeo-niger, gracilis, antennis
maris piceis fceminae fulvis, abdominis fasciis tribus interruptis testaceis,

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 19

femoribus anterioribus testaceis apice nigris, posticis basi testaceis, alis sub-
cinereis.

Male and Female. Chalybeous black, slender. Antenna? of the male piceous,
of the female tawny. Abdomen with three dull interrupted testaceous
bands, slightly compressed for three-quarters of the length in the male.
Legs black ; anterior femora testaceous with black tips ; hind femora tes-
taceous at the base. Wings greyish ; veins and stigma black. Halteres
testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Singapore.

65. Syephus teiligattts, n. s., mas. Flavus gracilis, antennis fulvis, thoracis
disco chalybeo-nigro, pectore et metathorace nigris, abdominis fasciis qua-
tuor latis quatuorque angustis nigris, femoribus po&ticis nigro late fasciatis,
tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis subcinereis.

Male. Pale yellow, rather slender. Antenna? tawny. Disk of the thorax
chalybeous black. Pectus and metathorax mostly black. Abdomen with
eight black bands which are alternately broad and narrow. Hind femora
with a broad black band ; hind tibia? and hind tarsi black. Wings greyish ;
stigma brown ; veins black. Halteres pale testaceous. Length of the body
4£ lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Mount Opliir.

Tarn. MUSCnXE, Latr.
Subfam. Tachlnides, Walk.
Gen. Echinohyia, Dimeril.

66. Echinomtta brevipennis, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite antice albo, fronta-
Hbus ferrugineis, scutello abdominisque fasciis testaceis, alis subcinereis
parvis basi limpidis.

Male. Black, stout. Head white, with white hairs beneath ; front and vertex
black, shining ; frontalia ferruginous, slightly widening from the vertex to
the antenna? ; epistoma slightly prominent. Antenna? extending to two-
thirds of the length of the face ; 3rd joint truncated, not much longer than
broad, much broader and shorter than the 2nd ; arista stout, tapering from
its two indistinct basal joints, full twice the length of the 3rd joint. Scu-
tellum testaceous. Abdomen elongate- oval, longer than the thorax. Wings
greyish, rather short, limpid towards the base; veins black, testaceous
towards the base ; pra?brachial vein forming a very slightly acute angle at
its flexure, near which it is very deeply curved inward, and is thence straight
to its tip which joins the tip of the costal ; discal transverse vein straight,
parted by much less than its length from the border, and by little more
than half its length from the flexure of the pra?brachial. Alula? greyish,
with testaceous borders. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Mount Ophir, at the height of 4000 feet.

Gen. Tachina, Fabr.

67. Tachixa Ophieica, n. s., fcem. Cinerea, latiuscula, capite argenteo, fron-

2*

20 MR. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OE DIPTEROUS INSECTS

talibus atris, thoracis vittis quatuor interruptis nigris, scutelli margine ab-
dominisque fasciis canis, alis subcinereis.

Female. Cinereous, rather short and broad. Head hoary, silvery-white above
and in front ; frontalia deep black, slightly widening from the vertex to the
antenna?; facialia without bristles ; epistoma hardly prominent. Antennae
extending to about three-quarters of the length of the face ; 3rd joint
linear, slender, rounded at the tip, about twice the length of the 2nd ;
arista stout for about half its length, very much longer than the 3rd joint.
Thorax with four slender interrupted black stripes ; scutellum with a hoary-
border. Abdomen black, obconical, hardly longer than the thorax ; a broad
hoary band on the fore border of each segment. Wings slightly greyish ;
veins black ; prsebracbial vein forming an almost right and rather well-
defined angle from whence it is slightly curved inward to its tip ; discal
transverse vein hardly curved inward, parted by rather less than its length
from the border and from the flexure of the prsebracbial. Alula? white.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Mount Ophir, at the height of 4000 feet.

Gen. Masicera, Macquart.

68. Masicera tomentosa, Macq. Dipt. JExot. Suppl. 2.
Mount Ophir, at the height of 40C0 feet.

69. Masiceea vicaeia, n. s., fcem. Nigra, longiuscula, capite albo, frontali-
bus atris, thoracis vittis quatuor, lateribus scutello abdominisque fasciis
duabus latis interruptis canis, alis cinereis.

Female. Black, rather long. Head white, with short white hairs beneath
and behind ; frontalia linear, deep black ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma
not prominent. Eyes pubescent. Antennae extending nearly to the epi-
stoma ; 3rd joint linear, slender, slightly rounded at the tip, about four times
the length of the 2nd ; arista rather stout for full one-third of the length
from the base, very much longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax with four
hoary stripes ; sides and scutellum hoary. Abdomen elongate-obconical,
much longer than the thorax, with two broad interrupted hoary bands.
Legs stout. Wings grey ; veins black ; prsebracbial vein forming a rather
obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is slightly curved inward to its
tip ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by very little less than its
length from the border and from the flexure of the prsebrachial. Alulse
whitish. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Eurioaster, Macquart.

70. Eueigastee mttscoIdes, n. s., foem. Nigra lata, capite albido, frontali-
bus nigris, palpis testaceis, thorace cano nigro-quadrivittato, scutelli apice
fulvo, abdomine cano-fasciato, alis cinereis apud costam fuscescentibus.

Female. Black, broad, with long bristles. Head whitish ; frontalia black,
linear ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma not prominent. Eyes pubes-
cent. Palpi testaceous. Antennse extending to the epistoma; 3rd joint
linear, rounded at the tip, full four times the length of the 2nd ; arista

COLLECTED AT SINGAPOltE AND MALACCA. 21

slender, very much longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax hoary, with four
black stripes. Scutellum tawny towards the tip. Abdomen obconical,
hardly longer than the thorax, with a broad hoary band on each segment.
Legs slender, hardly setose. Wings grey, brownish in front ; veins black ;
praebrachial vein forming a slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence
it is slightly curved inward to its tip ; discal transverse vein straight except
a slight curve by its hind end, parted by much less than its length from
the border, and by rather more than its length from the flexure of the prae-
brachial. Alulae white. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.
Singapore.

Gen. Zambesa, n. g. {Plate I. Jig. 2.)
Mas. Corpus longum, angustum, subcylindricum. Fades verticalis, subre-
tracta. Facialia nuda. Epistoma planum. Palpi longiusculi, sat gra-
ciles. Antennarwm articulus 3 US gracilis, linearis, 2° sexties longior ; arista
gracillima. Oculi nudi. Abdomen lineare, thorace multo longius. Pedes
longiusculi. Alee sat angustae.
Male. Body long, narrow, almost cylindrical. Face vertical, slightly retracted
towards the base. Facialia without bristles. Eyes remote, bare. Palpi rather
long and slender. Antennae extending to the epistoma ; 3rd joint slender,
linear, rounded at the tip, six times the length of the 2nd ; arista very
slender, rather longer than the 3rd joint. Abdomen linear, much longer
than the thorax. Legs rather long. Wings rather narrow; costal vein
ending at hardly in front of the tip of the wing ; brachial vein joining the
cubital.

11. Zambesa ocypteroides, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite albo, frontalibus
atris, antennarum articulo 3° fulvo, thorace cano nigro-quadrivittato, ab-
dominis fasciis duabus latis interruptis semihyalinis albido-testaceis, femo-
ribus testaceis apice nigris, tibiis piceis, alis limpidis, apice margineque
postico cinereis.

Male. Black. Head white, with short white hairs beneath ; frontalia deep
black, linear. Proboscis testaceous. Palpi black. Third joint of the an-
tennae tawny. Thorax hoary, with four black stripes, of which the outer
pair are very much broader than the inner pair. Abdomen a little narrower
than the thorax, with two broad whitish testaceous semihyaline bands which
are interrupted above. Femora testaceous, with black tips ; tibiae piceous.
Wings limpid, grey towards the tips and along the hind borders ; veins
black ; praebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its flexure from whence
it is slightly curved inward to its tip, which joins the cubital very near the
border ; discal transverse vein very slightly curved inward, parted by less
than its length from the border, and by more than its length from the
flexure of the praebrachial. Alulae white. Length of the body 5 lines ; of
the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

Subfam. Dexides, Walk.
Gen. Dexia, Meigen.
72. Dexia divergens, n. s. (gen. Thelaira, Desv.), mas. Cana longa an-

22 MB. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

gusta, capite albo, frontalibus atris, proboscide palpis antennisque testaceis,
arista plumosa, tborace nigro-quadrivittato, abdomine testaceo semihyalino,
vitta fasciisque nigris, pedibus longis testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis subcinereis.

Male. Body hoary, long, narrow, with long black bristles. Head white ;
frontalia deep black, widening from the vertex to the antenna? ; facialia
without bristles ; epistoma not prominent. Eyes bare. Proboscis and palpi
testaceous. Antennae testaceous, not nearly extending to the epistoma;
3rd joint slender ; arista black, plumose. Thorax with four black stripes,
of which the outer pair are broader than the inner pair. Abdomen testa-
ceous, semihyaline, with a black dorsal stripe, and with a black band on
the hind border of each segment. Legs long, testaceous ; tarsi black. Wings
greyish ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein forming a hardly obtuse angle at
its flexure, from whence it is indistinctly undulating to its tip which joins
the costal at a little in front of the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein
slightly curved inward near its hind end, parted by hardly more than half
its length from the border, and by hardly less than its length from the
flexure of the prsebrachial. Alula? whitish. Length of the body 6 lines ;
of the wings 11 lines.

Mount Ophir.

Subfam. Sarcophagides.
G-en. Saecophaga, Meigen.

73. Sarcophaga ruficornis, Fair. Syst. Antl. 287. 12. (Musca.)
Malacca. Inhabits also Hindostan.

74. Sarcophaga eecipeoca, n. s., fcem. Cana, capite albo, frontalibus palpis
antennis thoracis vittis pedibusque nigris, abdomine subtessellato, alis sub-
cinereis.

Female. Hoary. Head white ; frontalia black, linear. Proboscis, palpi and
antennae black. Thorax with three black stripes, and with black lines
intersecting the two intermediate hoary stripes. Abdomen slightly tessel-
lated. Legs black. Wings greyish ; veins black ; prsebrachial forming a
right angle at its flexure, near which it is much curved inward, and is thence
straight to its tip ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by
less than its length from the border, and by little more than half its length
from the flexure of the prsebrachial. Alulse white. Length of the body
6 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

Singapore. A smaller specimen from Malacca apparently belongs to this
species.

75. Sarcophaga aliena, n. s., foem. Cana, capite albo, frontalibus palpis
antennis thoracis vittis pedibusque nigris, abdomine tessellato, alis sub-
cinereis.

Female. Hoary. Head white ; frontalia black, slightly widening in front.
Proboscis, palpi and antennae black. Thorax with three black stripes, and
with black lines intersecting the two intermediate hoary stripes. Abdomen
tessellated. Legs black. Wings slightly greyish ; veins black ; prsebrachial
forming a very slightly acute angle at it3 flexure, near which it is much
curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip ; discal transverse vein

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 23

hardly undulating, parted by a little less than its length from the border,
and by much more than half its length from the flexure of the praebrachial
vein. Alulae white. Length of the body 4 lines 5 of the wings 8 lines.
Mount Ophir.

Subfam. Muscides.
Gen. Idia, Meigen.

76. Idia tenebeosa, n. s., fcem. Obscure viridis punctata, capite pedibus
halteribusque nigris, antennis piceis, alis fusco-cinereis apud costam nigris.

Female. Dull green. Head slightly tuberculated above, black and. shining
in front. Frontalia dull black, hardly decreasing in breadth to the base of
the antennae which are piceous. Thorax very minutely punctured, with a
slight hoary tinge which is interrupted by three slender indistinct black
stripes. Abdomen shining, thickly punctured. Legs black. Wings brownish
grey, black along the costa. Alulae grey, with black borders. Halteres black.
Length of the body 4| lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Mount Ophir. Inhabits also South Africa.

77. Idia bicoloe, n. s., foam. Viridis, capite albido, facie nigra, frontalibus
obscure nigris, antennis fulvis, thorace nigro-quadrivittato, abdomine aeneo-
marginato, vitta dorsali nigra, pedibus nigris, alis cinereis costa apiceque
nigricantibus, halteribus albidis.

Female. Green. Head whitish and shining above, black and shining in front.
Frontalia dull black, linear, furcate hindward. Antennae tawny. Thorax
with a slight hoary bloom and with four slender black stripes. Abdomen
aeneous at the tip and along each side, and with a slight black dorsal stripe.
Legs black ; coxae and femora green. Wings grey, blackish along the costa
and at the tips. Alulae dingy whitish. Halteres whitish. Length of the
body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Malacca.

Gen. Musca, Linn.

78. Musca flaviceps, Macq. Dipt. Fxot. ii. 2. 145. 23. pi. 18. f. 1. (Lucilia.)
(Grenus Chrysomyia, Desv.)

Singapore. Inhabits also Hindostan.

79. Musca chrtsoides, n. s. (genus Chrysomyia, Desv.), mas. Sericeo-viri-
dis, capite testaceo, palpis antennisque fulvis, abdominis vitta dorsali fasciis-
que nigris, alis subcinereis apice obscurioribus.

Male. Sericeous green, hardly shining. Head testaceous. Proboscis black.
Palpi and antennae tawny. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe, and with
a black band on the hind border of each segment. Legs black ; coxae and
femora green. Wings greyish, much darker towards the tips ; veins black,
tawny along the costa ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse and some-
what rounded angle at its flexure, from whence it is slightly curved inward
to its tip ; discal transverse vein deeply undulating, parted by much less
than its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from the
flexure of the praebrachial vein. Alulae dingy testaceous. Length of the
body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Malacca and Mount Ophir.

24 MB. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEllOUS INSECTS

80. Musca poephyeina, n. s. (genus Lucilia, JDesv.), foem. Purpurea, capite
albido, antennis pedibusque nigris, palpis fulvis, abdomine aeneo-purpureo,
alis cinereis.

Female. Purple. Head whitish. Proboscis and antennae black. Palpi tawny.
Thorax with a slight hoary tinge which is very indistinctly striped. Ab-
domen bronze-purple. Legs black. Wings grey ; veins black ; praebrachial
vein forming a very slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is
very slightly curved inward to its tip ; discal transverse vein nearly straight,
parted by little more than half its length from the border and from the
flexure of the prsebrachial. Alulae dark grey. Length of the body 4} lines ;
of the wings 9 lines.

Mount Ophir, at the height of 4000 feet.

81. Musca teita, n. s. (genus Lucilia, Desv.), foem. Cyaneo-viridis, capite
pedibusque nigris, facie alba, thoracis lateribus' subpurpurascentibus, ab-
dominis lateribus apiceque albido-tomentosis, alis sublimpidis.

Female. Bright bluish-green. Head and appendages and legs black ; face
white. Sides of the thorax slightly purplish. Abdomen green, with slight
whitish tomentum along each side and at the tip. Wings almost limpid ;
veins black ; prsebrachial vein forming a very obtuse and slightly rounded
angle at its flexure, from whence to its tip it is hardly curved inward ;
discal transverse vein hardly curved inward, parted by much less than its
length from the border and by a little less than its length from the flexure
of the prsebrachial vein. Alulse greyish. Length of the body 3 lines ; of
the wings 6 lines.

Malacca.

82. Musca deeixa, n. s. (genus Lucilia, Desv.), mas. Cyaneo-viridis, capite
albido, epistomate testaceo, palpis pedibusque nigris, antennis fulvis, alis
subcinereis.

Male. Bluish-green. Head whitish ; epistoma testaceous. Proboscis, palpi
and legs black. Antennae tawny. Wings greyish ; veins black ; prse-
brachial vein forming a slightly obtuse and slightly rounded angle at its
flexure, from whence to its tip it is moderately curved inward ; discal
transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by one-third of its length from
the border, and by less than half its length from the flexure of the prse-
brachial. Alulse grey. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

83. Musca eeelectens, n. s. (genus Pollenia, Desv.), foem. Purpureo-
cyanea, viridi-varia, capite fulvo, frontalibus cinereis, palpis antennisque
testaceis, pectore testaceo, maculis duabus purpureo-cyaneis, abdomine
cano-subtessellato, apice seneo, pedibus validis nigris, tibiis fulvis, alis sub-
cinerascentibus.

Female. Purplish-blue tinged with green, hardly shining. Head fawn-
colour, testaceous in front j frontalia cinereous. Proboscis black. Palpi,
antennae and pectus testaceous, the latter with a purplish-blue mark on
each side. Abdomen slightly tessellated with hoary tomentum, aeneous
at the tip. Legs black, stout ; tibiae tawny. Wings very slightly greyish j
veins black, testaceous towards the base and along the costa ; prsebrachial

COLLECTED AT SINOAPOEE AND MALACCA. 25

vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is slightly
undulating to its tip ; discal transverse vein very deej)ly undulating, parted
by full half its length from the border, and by much less than its length
from the flexure of the praebrachial vein. Alulae white. Length of the body
5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.
Malacca.

84. Musca ikfixa, n. s. (genus Silbomyia, Macq.), foem. Viridi-cyanea,
capite albido, frontalibus antennisque nigris, palpis fulvis, thoracis vittis
quatuor abdomineque purpureis, pedibus piceis, femoribus cyanascentibus,
alis cinereis costa venisque fusco-marginatis.

Female. Grreenish-blue. Head whitish. Frontalia, proboscis and antennae
black. Palpi tawny. Thorax with four purple stripes. Abdomen purple.
Legs piceous ; femora bluish. Wings grey, brownish along the costa and
along the borders of the veins, which are black ; praebrachial vein forming
an almost right and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, from whence it
is very slightly curved inward to its tip ; discal transverse vein very slightly
undulating, parted by full half its length from the border, and by much
more than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial vein. Alulae dark
grey. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

85. Musca fumipennis, ii.s. (genus Silbomyia, Macq.), foem. Cyaneo-viri-
dis, capite testaceo, frontalibus piceis, palpis antennisque testaceis, thoracis
vittis quatuor subobsoletis purpurascentibus, scutello abdomineque pur-
pureo-cyaneis, pedibus nigris robustis dense pilosis, alis fuscis, apud costae
dimidium basale sublimpidis.

Female. Bluish-green. Head pale testaceous ; frontalia piceous. Proboscis
black. Palpi and antennae testaceous. Thorax with four very indistinct
purplish stripes. Scutellum and abdomen purplish-blue. Legs black, stout,
thickly pilose ; fore coxae tawny. Wings brown, paler at the tips and along
the hind border, nearly limpid along the costa for half the breadth, and
rather less than half the length from the base ; veins black ; praebrachial
vein forming a very slightly oblique and much-rounded angle at its flexure,
from whence it is moderately curved inward to its tip ; discal transverse
vein nearly straight, parted by rather more than half its length from the
border, and by much less than its length from the flexure of the prae-
brachial vein. Alulae grey. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10
lines.

Singapore.

86. Musca dotata, n. s. (genus Phormia ? Desv.), mas. Viridis, capite
antico albo, palpis antennisque fulvis, abdominis vitta dorsali nigra fasciis-
que nigro-aeneis, pedibus nigris, alis cinereis, dimidio apicali antico nigro-
fuseo.

Male. Grreen. Head white in front. Proboscis black. Palpi and antennae
tawny. Abdomen with a black dorsal stripe, and with blackish bronze
bands. Legs black. Wings grey ; apical half blackish-brown, excepting
the hind border ; veins black ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse and
somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, from whence it is very slightly

26 me. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

curved inward to its tip ; discal transverse vein moderately undulating,
parted by little more than half its length from the border and by rather
less than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial. Alula? grey.
Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.
Singapore.

87. Musca difpidens, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, Desv.), foam. Cyaneo-viridis,
capite albido, palpis antennis pedibusque nigris, alis vix cinerascentibus.

Female. Bright bluish-green. Head whitish. Proboscis, palpi, antenna)
and legs black. Wings hardly greyish ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein
gently curved at its flexure, from whence it is almost straight to its tip ;
discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by much less than its length
from the border, and by much more than its length from the curve of the
prsebrachial vein. Alulse whitish. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

88. Musca CONFIXA, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, Desv.), fcem. Lsete viridis cyaneo
purpureoque varia, capite nigro, antice albido, palpis testaceis, antennis
nigris basi rufescentibus, abdominis apice subseneo, pedibus nigris, alis
cinereis.

Female. Bright green, tinged with blue and purple along each side. Head
black above, whitish in front. Proboscis black. Palpi testaceous. An-
tennae black ; first and second joints reddish. Abdomen slightly seneous
at the tip. Legs black ; femora green. Wings grey ; veins black ; prse-
brachial vein gently curved at its flexure, between which and its tip it is
slightly curved inward ; discal transverse vein moderately undulating,
parted by much less than its length from the border, and by a little less
than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial vein. Alulse dark grey.
Length of the body 3| lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Mount Ophir, at the height of 4000 feet.

89. Musca eefixa, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, Desv.) , foam. Purpurea, lateribus
subtiisque cyanea aut cyaneo-viridis, capite antico, palpis pedibusque nigris,
antennarum articulo tertio piceo, alis subcinereis.

Female. Purple shining, blue on each side and beneath. Head in front, pro-
boscis, palpi and legs black. Third joint of the antennse piceous. Wings
slightly greyish ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein forming a gentle curve at its
flexure, which is very near the border, indistinctly curved outward from
thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by little
more than half its length from the border, and by about its length from the
flexure of the prsebrachial vein. Alulse grey. Length of the body 2|-2£
lines ; of the wings 5-5^ lines.

Var. /3. Bluish-green. Scutellum purplish -blue. Discal transverse vein very
indistinctly curved inward.

Singapore.

90. Musca peefixa, n. s. (genus Pyrellia, Desv.), fcem. Purpurea, capite
palpis antennis pedibusque nigris, alis limpidis.

Female. Very nearly allied to M. refixa. Purple, shining. Head and
appendages and legs black. Wings limpid ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 27

forming a gentle curve at its flexure which is very near the border, straight
from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by
about half its length from the border, and by a little more than its length
from the flexure of the prsebrachial vein. Alulae whitish. Length of the
body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.
Mount Ophir.

91. Mtjsca aefixa, n. s. (genus Morellia, Desv.), mas. Obscure nigra,
capite antico albo, thoracis vittis tribus latis albidis, abdomine subtessellato,
alis subcinereis.

Male. Dull black. Head white in front. Thorax with three broad whitish
stripes. Abdomen slightly tessellated. Wings greyish ; veins black ; prse-
brachial vein forming a gentle curve at its flexure which is very near the
border, nearly straight from its flexure to its tip ; discal transverse vein
• hardly undulating, parted by less than half its length from the border, and
by little less than its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial vein.
Alulse grey. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Mount Ophir.

Subfam. Anthomyides, Walk.
G-en. Aeicia, Macq.

92. Aeicia aegentata, n. s., mas. Cana, capite argenteo, palpis antennis
pedibusque nigris, thoracis vittis duabus nigricantibus, scutelli apice testa-
ceo, abdominis maculis quatuor nigris dorsalibus basi testaceo, femoribus
testaceis, alis subcinereis.

Male. Hoary. Head silvery- white. Proboscis, palpi, antennae and legs
black. Thorax with two blackish stripes. Seutellum towards the tip and
femora testaceous. Abdomen with four black dorsal spots, testaceous
towards the base. Wings and alulse slightly greyish ; veins black, testa-
ceous towards the base ; cubital and prsebrachial veins slightly diverging
for about two-thirds of their length from the prsebrachial transverse vein,
very slightly converging from thence to the border ; discal transverse vein
oblique, slightly curved inward along its hind half, parted by a little more
than its length from the prsebrachial transverse, and by much less than its
length from the border. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Malacca.

G-en. Hydeot^a, Macq.

93. Htdeot^a solennis, n. s., mas. Nigra, eapite cano, thorace subci-
nereo nigro-trivittato, abdomine longi-obconico, tibiis ferrugineis, alis sub-
cinereis.

Male. Black. Head hoary in front. Thorax slightly cinereous, with three
black stripes. Abdomen elongate- obconical. Tibise ferruginous. Wings
slightly greyish ; veins black, testaceous at the base ; cubital and prsebra-
chial veins slightly diverging for nearly two-thirds of their length from the
prsebrachial transverse vein, very slightly converging from thence to the
border ; discal transverse vein oblique, curved inward in the middle, parted
by about its length from the prsebrachial transverse and by little more than

28 MB. walkee's catalogue or DIPTEROUS insects

half its length from the border. Alulae greyish. Length of the body 2f
lines ; of the wings 5 lines.
Mount Ophir, at the height of 4000 feet.

94. Aeicia patttla, n. s., mas. Nigra sat lata, antennis, thoracis lateribus,
abdomine pedibusque fulvis, abdominis apice tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis.

Male. Black, rather broad. Eyes bright red. Antennae, sides of the thorax,
scutellum, abdomen and legs tawny. Abdomen hardly longer than broad,
black towards the tip. Tarsi black. Wings and alulae grey ; veins black,
tawny towards the base ; cubital and prgebraehial veins diverging for more
than two-thirds of their length from the praebrachial transverse, parallel
from thence to their tips ; discal transverse vein very oblique, curved
inward near its hind end, parted by more than half its length from the
border, and by very little more than its length from the praebrachial trans-
verse vein. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore.

Subfani. Helomyzides, Fallen.

Gen. Xarnuta, n. g. (Plate I. fig. 4.) (J*yt>*fa(aM.]

Helomyzce affinis ; mas et fcem. Corpus sat latum. Antennarum articu-

p£cvm*ri<K j lus 3" s linearis ; arista -sttdftr Femora antica subtus tenuiter spinosa. Alee

i latiusculae.

Allied to Helomyza. Male and Female. Body rather broad. Third joint

/ 'tk zLfd ' °^ ^ ne an tenn£e linear, rounded at the tip ; arista bare. Fore femora with

HLhav^Vv^v / slender spines. Wings somewhat broad; discal transverse vein slightly

— 2. 2.0c. i sr. 5^7 -oblique, parted by much less than half its length from the border, and by

about its length from the praebraehial transverse vein.

95. Xaknuta leucotelus, n. s., mas et fcem. Ferrugineo-fulva, antennis
testaceis, pedibus fulvis, alis nigro-fuscis apice albis, margine postico sub-
cinereo. — Foem. Abdominis apice nigro.

Male and Female. Ferruginous tawny, with black bristles. Head rather
paler. Antennae testaceous ; arista black. Legs tawny ; fore femora with
black spines beneath. Wings blackish-brown, greyish along the hind border
for more than half the breadth and less than half the length from the base ;
extreme tips white ; veins black. Alulae whitish testaceous.

Female. Tip of the abdomen black. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the
wings 7 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Helomyza, Fallen.

96. Helomyza intereuns, n. s., mas. 'Fulva, capite metathorace pectore
pedibusque testaceis, abdominis maculis transversis nigricantibus, tarsis
ferrugineis, alis subeinereis apices versus et apud venam transversam dis-
calem fuscis.

Male. Tawny with black bristles. Head, mctathorax, pectus, legs and hal-
teres testaceous. Abdomen with a transverse blackish mark on the disk of
each segment towards the tip. Tarsi somewhat ferruginous. Wings
slightly greyish ; tips brown, which hue is darkest in front ; veins tawny,

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 29

black towards the tips ; transverse veins black. Discal transverse vein
clonded with brown, parted by much less than its length from the border,
and by much more than twice its length from the praebrachial transverse
vein. Alulae whitish. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.
Malacca.

97. Helomyza exettns, n. s., mas. Fulva, capite antico, metathorace pectore
pedibusque testaceis, abdominis maculis transversis nigricantibus, tarsis
ferrugineis apice fuscis, alis subcinereis macula apicibusque fuscis.

Very nearly allied to H. intereuns. Male. Tawny. Head in front, meta-
thorax, pectus, legs and halteres testaceous. Abdomen with a transverse
blackish mark on the disk of each segment. Tarsi ferruginous, with black
tips. Wings slightly greyish ; tips brown ; veins black, tawny at the base ;
a brown spot on the discal transverse vein, which is straight, slightly
oblique, parted by less than its length from the border, and by about thrice
its length from the discal transverse vein. Alulae whitish. Length of the
body 2£ lines ; of the wings 4£ lines.

Mount Ophir.

Subfam. Latjxanides, Walk.
Gen. Laitxanta, Latr.

98. Lauxania ettceea, n. s., mas. Nigra cinereo-tomentosa, capite atro-
biguttato, antennis piceis longissimis, arista alba, abdomine pedibusque
fulvis, femoribus tibiisque nigro-fasciatis, alis subcinereis apud costam
subluridis.

Male. Black, with greyish tomentum. Head with a deep black spot on each
side between the eyes. Proboscis dull tawny. Palpi black. Antennae
piceous 5 1st joint long ; 3rd slender, cylindrical, longer than the 1st and
the 2nd together ; arista white, pubescent, longer than the 3rd joint.
Abdomen and legs tawny ; femora and tibiae with black bands ; tarsi with
black tips. Wings greyish, slightly lurid along the costa ; veins black ;
discal transverse vein straight, slightly oblique, parted by less than its
length from the border, and by more than twice its length from the pra>
brachial transverse vein. Halteres tawny. Length of the body 2 lines ;
of the wings 4£ lines.

Singapore.

99. Lauxania detereuns, n. s., foem. Nigra, nitens, antennis piceis, arista
nigra, tarsis anticis basi tibiisque tarsisque posterioribus testaceis, alis sub-
cinereis.

Female. Black, shining, with black bristles. Antennae piceous ; 3rd joint
elongate-conical, much shorter than that of L. eucera ; arista black, pu-
bescent, full thrice the length of the 3rd joint. Fore tarsi at the base and
posterior tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Wings slightly greyish ; veins and
halteres testaceous ; discal transverse vein straight, almost upright, parted
by almost its length from the border and b$ nearly twice its length from the
preebrachial transverse vein. Length of the body 1£ line ; of the wings
3 lines.

Mount Opliir, at the height of 4000 feet.

30 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

Gen. Celtphus, Dolman.

100. Celyphus obtcctus, Dalman, Analecta Fntomologica, 32. 1. pi. 2. B.
f. 1-5.

Malacca. Inhabits also Hindostan and the Philippine Islands.

Subfam. Ortalides, Holiday.
Gren. Lamprogaster, Macq.

101. Lamprogaster zonata, n. s., foem. Nigra, capite flavo nigro-vario,
antennis piceis, thorace flavo -quadrivittato, abdomine flavo-bifasciato, tarsis
albis, ahs subcinereis maculis costalibus fasciaque fuscis.

Female. Black, shining. Head pale yellow, with four black shining stripes
in front ; vertex, with a broad dull black stripe which occupies the whole
breadth behind, is notched on each side between the eyes, and is narrower
in front. Antennae piceous ; 3rd joint nearly linear, rounded at the tip ;
arista minutely plumose, more than twice the length of the 3rd joint.
Thorax with four yellow stripes, one on each side in front of the wings, and
one on each side of the scutum. Abdomen with two yellow bands ; 1st
slender; 2nd apical, dilated in the middle of the fore border; knees tawny;
tarsi white, with blackish tips. Wings greyish, slightly lurid and with
brown marks at the base and along the costa, and with a brown band which
extends along the prsebrachial vein to half the space between the latter and
the border ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by about one-
third of its length from the border, and by much more than its length from
the prsebrachial transverse, which is oblique. Halteres tawny. Length of
the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

102. Lamprogaster glabra, n. s., mas. Nigra, antennis piceis, abdominis
fascia subapicali flava, tarsis albis, alis sublimpidis maculis basalibus fasciis-
que quatuor fuscis.

Male. Black, shining. Antennae piceous, in structure like those of L. zonata.
Abdomen with a slender yellow band near the tip. Tarsi white, with black
tips. Wings nearly limpid, with four brown bands, slightly testaceous and
with some indistinct brown marks at the base ; 1st and 3rd bands entire ;
1st broader and darker than the others ; 2nd and 4th interrupted ; veins
black, testaceous towards the base ; discal transverse vein straight, upright,
parted by one-fourth of its length from the border, and by more than its
length from the preebrachial transverse vein, which is also upright. Halteres
tawny. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

103. Lamprogaster transversa, n. s., foem. Nigra, capite fulvo fasciis
duabus nigris unaque albida, antennis fulvis, thoracis vittis quatuor dor-
salibus fulvis duabusque lateralibus albidis, abdomine nigro-purpureo basi
fulvo maculisque duabus subapicalibus flavis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis albidis,
alis subcinereis fusco sexfasciatis.

Female. Black. Head tawny, with two black bands above and a whitish band
in front. Antennae tawny. Thorax with four dorsal tawny stripes which

COLLECTED AT SINGAPOKE AND MALACCA. 31

are confluent in front and with two lateral whitish stripes. Abdomen
blackish-purple, tawny at the base, and with a yellow spot on each side near
the tip which is lanceolate. Legs tawny ; tarsi whitish, with black tips ;
hind tibiae with brownish tips. Wings slightly greyish, with about six
irregular macular brown bands ; veins brown, tawny at the base ; discal
transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by much less than its
length from the border, and by more than its length from the preebrachial
transverse vein, which is oblique. Halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.
Malacca.

104. Lamprogaster vittata, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite ex parte flavb, an-
tennis fulvis, thorace flavo-bivittato, scutello flavo-marginato, abdominis
vitta dorsali flava, tarsis albis, alis nigricantibus basi fasciisque quatuor
albidis.

Male. Black, shining. Head pale yellow in front, beneath and about the
eyes. Antennae tawny. Thorax with two yellow stripes ; scutellum with
a yellow border. Pectus with an oblique yellow band on each side. Abdo-
men with a yellow dorsal stripe. Tarsi white, with black tips. Wings
blackish, whitish at the base, and with four whitish bands ; 1st band irre-
gular ; 2nd and 3rd entire ; 4th interrupted ; veins black ; discal transverse
vein straight, upright, parted by about one-fourth of its length from the
border, and by much more than its length from the preebrachial transverse
vein, which is slightly oblique. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body
3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

105. Lamprogaster guttata, n. s., fcem. Cinerea, capite nigro trimaculato
antice testaceo, antennis fulvis, thorace cano-quinquevittato, lateribus tes-
taceis, abdominis fascia antica fulva, tarsis albidis, alis subcinereis fasciis
octo subinterruptis fuscis.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head partly dull testaceous in
front ; vertex with three black spots, two in front and one behind. An-
tennae tawny ; arista pubescent. Thorax with five hoary stripes which are
connected in front by a transverse band ; sides testaceous. Pectus with an
oblique dull testaceous stripe on each side. Abdomen with a tawny band
on the hind border of the first segment ; oviduct slender, lanceolate. Tarsi
whitish, with black tips. Wings greyish, with about eight irregular and
partly interrupted brown bands ; veins and halteres testaceous ; discal
transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by about one-fourth of
its length from the border, and by more than its length from the prsebrachial
transverse vein. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

106. Lamprogaster trtjncatoxa, n. s., foem. Nigra robusta, abdominis
apice compresso lanceolato, tarsis albis, alis subcinereis lituris transversis
fuscescentibus fasciisque duabus nigro-fuscis.

Female. Black, stout, slightly shining. Arista pubescent. Abdomen com-
pressed and lanceolate at the tip. Tarsi white, with black tips. Wings
slightly greyish, with several slight transverse brownish marks, and with

32 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

two blackish-brown bands ; the 1st broad, basal, not extending beyond half
the breadth from the costa ; the 2nd narrow, entire, near the 1st ; veins
black ; discal transverse vein straight and upright, parted by one-tliird of
its length from the border, and by very much more than its length from the
prsebrachial transverse vein. Halteres- testaceous. Length of the body
2£ hnes ; of the wings 5 lines.
Singapore.

Gren. Xakgelina, n. g. {Plate I. fig. 3.)

Foem. Corpus latiusculum, parce setosum. Caput antice subdilatatum ; facies
magna. Antenna breves ; articulus 3 US longi-conicus ; arista longa, gracilis,
plumata. Abdomen brevi-ovatum, thorace non longius. Pedes breviusculi.
Alee mediocriter latae ; venae recta?.

Female. Body rather broad, with a few bristles. Head somewhat dilated in
front ; face large. Antennas short ; 3rd joint elongate-conical ; arista long,
slender, plumose. Abdomen short-oval, not longer than the thorax. Legs
rather short. Wings moderately broad ; subcostal vein extending to about
one-fourth of the length of the wing ; mediastinal extending a little beyond
the subcostal ; radial ending at about seven-eighths of the length ; cubital
ending at the tip ; cubital and prsebrachial almost parallel beyond the discal
transverse vein, which is straight and upright, and parted by very much
more than its length from the prsebrachial transverse, and by much less
than its length from the border.

107. Xangelina basigtttta, n. s., foem. Testacea, scutello fusco, abdomine
fulvo, alis subcinereis gutta costali nigra venis transversis nigro-sublim-
batis.

Female. Testaceous. Proboscis partly brownish. Scutellum brown. Abdo-
men tawny. Wings slightly greyish ; veins black ; a black dot at the tip
of the subcostal vein; transverse veins slightly clouded with black.
Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Malacca.

Gren. Platystoma.

108. Platystoma bigida, n. s., mas. Ferrugineo-fusca, capite subtus albo,
antennis piceis, pectore albido, pedibus nigris, alis nigricantibus albo con-
fertim at interrupte guttatis.

Male. Ferruginous-brown, tomentose. Head wliite behind and beneath, fer-
ruginous and shining in front. Antennae piceous ; arista slightly plumose.
Pectus whitish. Legs black. Wings blackish, thickly studded with white
dots, which disappear at the base and on an undulating band beyond the
middle ; veins black. Length of the body 3 hnes ; of the wings 6 hnes.

Singapore.

109. Platystoma stellata, n. s., mas. Cinereo-nigra, capite subtus albido,
antennis fulvis, facie abdominis apice pedibusque nigris nitentibus, alis
obscure cinereis guttis confertis at interruptis limpidis.

Male. Cinereous-black, tomentose. Head shining black in front, whitish
behind and beneath. Antennae tawny. Abdomen shining black at the

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 33

tip. Legs black and shining. Wings dark grey, with numerous limpid
dots which are comparatively wanting on a blackish-brown stripe along
two-thirds of the length of the costa, and on an exterior upright band
which is connected with the above stripe. Length of the body 3 lines j of
the wings 6 lines.
Malacca.

Gen. Themara, n. g. (Plate I. fig. 5.)

Mas. Corpus latiusculum, subsetosum. Caput thorace paulld angustius.
Antenna epistoma non attingentes ; articulus 3 US lanceolatus, longiusculus ;
arista late plumosa. Abdomen ellipticum, thorace non longius. Ales latius-
culse, obscurae, maculis pallidis, venis radiali et cubitali undulatis.

Male. Body rather broad. Head and thorax slightly setose. Head a little
less broad than the thorax ; epistoma not prominent. Proboscis short.
Palpi short, porrect. Antennae not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint lan-
ceolate, rather long ; arista deeply plumose, about twice the length of the
3rd joint. Abdomen elliptical, as long as the thorax. Wings rather broad,
dark, with pale marks ; subcostal vein ending at much beyond one-third of
the length 5 mediastinal ending at much beyond half the length ; radial
undulating, ending at about five-sixths of the length ; cubital undulating,
ending at the tip of the wing ; praebrachial and subanal hardly undulating ;
discal transverse vein straight, nearly upright, parted by one-tenth of its
length from the border, and by more than half its length from the pree-
brachial transverse.

110. Themaea ampla, n. s., mas. Ferruginea, subtus testacea, scutello, ab-
dominis fusci fasciis tribus pedibusque testaceis, alis obscure fuscis, maculis
tribus anticis luridis tribusque posticis albis.

Male. Ferruginous, slightly shining, testaceous beneath. Head in front and
appendages testaceous. Scutellum and legs testaceous. Abdomen brown
above, testaceous at the base and with two testaceous bands. Wings dark
brown, with three hyaline triangular spots in front and three on the hind
border ; the costal spots lurid, the hind spots white. Length of the body
4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Strumeta, n. g. (Plate II. fig. 4.)

Foem. Corpus latiusculum, pubescens, vix setosum. Abdomen brevi-ovatum,
thorace latius et paulld longius. Alee mediocriter latse, limpidse, fasciis
fuscis, vena transversa prsebrachiali undulata, perobliqua.

Female. Body rather broad, dull, pubescent, hardly setose. Head rather
less broad than the thorax ; epistoma not prominent. Proboscis and palpi
short. Antenna? mutilated in the insect here described. Abdomen short
oval, broader and a little longer than the thorax. Wings moderately broad,
limpid with brown bands ; longitudinal veins almost straight ; subcostal
and mediastinal veins almost contiguous ; mediastinal vein ending at much
beyond half the length of the wing j radial ending at a little beyond four-
fifths of the length ; cubital ending at somewhat in front of the tip j discal

LINN. PEOC.— ZOOLOGY. 3

84 MB. walkeb's catalogue of diptebotts insects

transverse vein nearly straight and upright, parted by full one-fourth of
its length from the border, and by about its length from the prsebrachial
transverse which is undulating and very oblique.

111. Stetjmeta CONFormis, n. s., fcem. Cervina, thoracis vittis duabus, meta-
thorace et pectoris disco nigricantibus, pedibus testaceis, ahs limpidis fusco-
quadrifasciatis.

Female. Fawn-colour. Thorax with two blackish stripes. Metathorax and
disk of the pectus blackish. Legs and halteres testaceous. Wings limpid,
pale brown along the costa, and with four pale brown bands ; 1st and 2nd
bands connected hindwardj veins black, testaceous towards the base. Length
of the body 4 lines j of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore.

G-en. Valonia, n. g. (Plate I. fig. 6.)

F&m. Corpus sat angustum, pubescens. Caput antice subdilatatum. An*
tennce breviusculse j articulus 3 U8 longi-conicus ; arista pubescens. Abdomen
fusiforme, thorace paulld longius. Pedes sat robusti. Ala angustse, obscurse,
maculis limpidis.

Allied to Flatystoma. — Female. Body rather narrow, dull, pubescent. Head
as broad as the thorax, slightly dilated in front j epistoma not prominent.
Proboscis and palpi short. Antennae rather short, not reaching the epistoma ;
3rd joint elongate-conical ; arista pubescent. Abdomen fusiform, a little
longer than the thorax. Legs rather stout, especially the hind pair. Wings
narrow, dark with limpid spots j subcostal vein ending at before one-third
of the length of the wing ; mediastinal ending at much beyond half the
length ; radial ending at a little before three-quarters of the length ; cubital
and subanal hardly .undulating, the former ending at a little in front of the
tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight and upright, parted by less
than half its length from the border, and by a little less than its length from
the prsebrachial transverse.

112. Valonia complicata, n. s., fcem. Obscure cinerea, capite testaceo,
thorace nigro-punctato, abdomine guttis quatuor lateralibus albis tomen-
tosis subtus testaceo, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribus tibiisque
posticis nigris, ahs subcinereis guttis plurimis limpidis.

Female. Dark grey. Head and appendages testaceous. Thorax punctured
with black ; humeral calli black, shining. Abdomen with two white tomen-
tous dots on each side ; underside testaceous. Legs tawny j posterior femora
black, with tawny tips ; hind tibise blackish except at the base. Wings
greyish, with very numerous limpid dots, blackish and without dots along
more than half the length of the costa ; veins black. Halteres testaceous.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Malacca.

Gren. Sophiea, n. g. (Plate II. fig. 1.)

Fcem. Corpus sat angustum, pubescens. Caput thorace paulld angustius.
Antennarum articulus 3 US longiusculus, sublanceolatus j arista plumosa.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPOKE AND MALACCA 35

Abdomen subfusiforme, apice attexmatum, thorace paulld longius. Pedes
graciles. Alee longiusculae, sat angustae, venis limbatis.

Female. Body rather narrow, dull, pubescent. Head a little less broad than
the thorax ; epistoma not prominent. Proboscis and palpi short. An-
tennae not reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint rather long, sublanceolate ;
arista plumose. Abdomen subfusiform, somewhat attenuated at the tip, a
little longer than the thorax. Legs slender. Wings rather long and narrow ;
subcostal vein ending at before one-third of the length of the wing ; media-
stinal ending at much beyond half the length ; radial ending at about seven-
eighths of the length ; cubital ending at very little in front of the tip ; discal
transverse vein straight, hardly oblique, parted by one-fourth of its length
from the border, and by very much more than its length from the pree-
brachial transverse.

This genus seems to be somewhat allied to the Helomyzides.

113. Sophiea venusta, n. s., fcem. Testacea, thoracis fascia metathorace ab-
dominisque fasciis tribus maculisque duabus subapicalibus nigris, tibiis fus-
cescentibus, alis limpidis venis fusco-limbatis.

Female. Testaceous. Thorax with a black band between the wings. Metathorax
black. Abdomen with three black bands, and with a black subapical spot on each
side. Tibiae brownish ; tarsi tawny. Wings limpid, lurid in front, striped with
brown along most of the veins ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; cubital
vein minutely setose towards the base. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.

Gen. Rioxa, n. g. {Plate II. fig. 3.)

Fcem. Corpus angustum, pubescens. Caput sat parvum, thorace multd angustius.
Antennarum articulus 3 US sublinearis ; arista rard plumosa. Thorax longi,
ovatus. Abdomen fusiforme, thorace multd angustius, vix longius. Pedes
graciles, antici breves. Alee longae, mediocriter latae, obscurae, guttis albis.

Female. Body narrow, dull, pubescent. Head rather small, much less broad
than the thorax ; epistoma not prominent. Proboscis and palpi short. An-
tennae not reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint almost linear, moderately long ;
arista thinly plumose. Thorax elongate-oval. Abdomen fusiform, much nar-
rower, but hardly longer than the thorax. Legs slender ; fore legs short. Wings
long, moderately broad, dark with white dots ; radial vein ending at rather in
front of the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein almost straight, very oblique,
parted by about one-fourth of its length from the border, and by somewhat
less than its length from the praebrachial transverse.

114. Eioxa lanceolata, n. s., foem. Cervina, thorace nigro-quadrivittato, ab-
domine nigro vitta dorsali cervina, pedibus testaceis, alis nigricantibus striga
discali guttisque quinque albis.

Female. Fawn-colour. Proboscis, legs and halteres testaceous. Thorax with two
blackish stripes on each side, the outer pair shortened hindward. Abdomen
black, with a fawn-coloured dorsal stripe which is attenuated hindward, and
does not extend to the tip. Wings blackish, almost limpid along the hind
border for more than half the length from the base, with a white discal streak
and with five white dots j 1st dot in a line with the streak ; 2nd very minute,

3*

36

behind the 1st ; 3rd on the costa near the tip ; 4th larger, apical, near the
5th, which is on the hind border. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings
10 lines.
Singapore.

Gen. Xieia, n. g. (Plate II. fig. 2.)

Mas. Corpus metallicolor, subsetosum. Caput latiusculum. Palpi longiusculi.
Antenna breves ; articulus 3 US sublinearis ; arista late plumosa. Thorax ro-
bustus. Abdomen lineare, thorace paullo longius et multo angustius. Pedes
longiusculi, sat vaKdi. Alee mediocriter longse latseque.

Male. Body metallic, slightly setose. Head rather broad, hardly narrower than
the thorax ; epistoma not prominent. Proboscis short. Palpi porrect, rather
long and stout. Antenna? short, not nearly reaching the epistoma ; 3rd joint
almost linear ; arista deeply plumose, much more than twice the length of the
3rd joint. Thorax stout. Abdomen linear, a little longer than the thorax and
about half its breadth. Legs rather long and stout. Wings moderately long
and broad ; subcostal vein ending at rather beyond one-third of the length ;
mediastinal ending at very much beyond half the length ; radial ending at
beyond five-sixths of the length ; cubital ending at hardly in front of the tip ;
discal transverse nearly straight, slightly oblique, parted by about half its
length from the border, and by rather more than its length from the pree-
brachial transverse.

115. XnnA antica, n. s., mas. Purpurea, capite nigro, antennarum articulo 3°
ferrugineo, pedibus testaceis, tibiis nigris, tarsis albis anticis ferrugineis, alis
sublimpidis apice nigricantibus maculis costalibus albis et nigricantibus.

Male. Purple. Head and appendages black. Third joint of the antennse ferru-
ginous. Legs testaceous ; tibiee black ; fore tarsi ferruginous ; posterior tarsi
white, with brown tips. Wings nearly limpid, with two white and two blackish
spots on the costa ; tips blackish ; veins black, testaceous along the costa.
Halteres whitish. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Mount Ophir.

Subfam. Achiides, Walk.
Gen. Achias, Pair.

116. Achias maculipennis, Westw. Oriental Entomology \ 38. pi. 18. f. 4.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

Subfam. Diopsides, Walk.
Gen. Diopsis.

117. Diopsis qtjinquegttttata, n. s., foem. Nigra, proboscide pedibusque
fulvis, his ex parte fuscescentibus, alis nigricantibus basi apice guttisque quin-
que sublimpidis. {Plate II. Jig. 7.)

Female. Black, shining. Proboscis tawny. Petioles of the eyes about half the
length of the thorax. Scutellum with two spines, which are more than half the
length of the thorax. Legs tawny, partly shaded with brown. Wings blackish,
nearly limpid at the base and at the tips, and with two interrupted nearly

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 37

limpid bands, the first of two dots, the second of three dots ; veins black. Length
of the body 3 lines j of the wings 4£ lines.
Mount Ophir.

118. Diopsis quadeiguttata, n. s., mas. Picea, capite oeuloram petiolis
pedibusque fulvis, his ex parte fuscescentibus, alis nigricantibus basi fascia
subapicah guttisque quatuor sublimpidis. (Plate II. fig. 6.)

Male. Piceous, shining. Head and petioles of the eyes tawny, the latter fully
half the length of the thorax. Scutellum with two spines, which are less than
half the length of the thorax. Legs tawny, slightly shaded with brown. Wings
blackish, nearly limpid at the base and towards the tips, except the extreme
part of the latter winch is slightly blackish ; two interrupted nearly limpid
bands, each composed of two dots ; veins black. Length of the body 2\ lines ;
of the wings 4 lines.

Malacca.

Subfam. Sepsides, Walk.
Gen. Calobata, Fair.

119. Calobata confinis, n. s., fcem. Nigra, capite cyaneo, antennis piceis, fe-
moribus posterioribus albo-cinctis, tarsis anticis albis, alis subcinereis fasciis
duabus connexis fuscis, 2 a apicali.

Female. Black, dull. Head blue, shining. Proboscis and antenna? piceous. Pos-
terior femora with a white ring near the tips ; hind femora with a white ring
at the base ; fore tarsi white. Wings greyish, with two brown bands, the first
connected on the hind border with the second, which is apical ; veins black.
Halteres whitish, with black knobs. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings
10 lines.

Singapore and Mount Ophir.

120. Calobata immixta, n. s., fcem. Nigra, capite cyanescente, facialibus atris,
antennis piceis, pedibus testaceis anticis nigris, tarsis anticis albis, femoribus
posterioribus fasciis quatuor nigris, alis subcinereis fasciis duabus subcon-
nexis fuscescentibus, 2 a apicali.

Female. Black, dull. Head bluish, shining; facialia deep black. Proboscis and
antennse piceous. Legs testaceous ; fore femora black, testaceous towards the
base; fore tibiae black; fore tarsi white; posterior femora with four black bands ;
posterior tibiae dull testaceous, black towards the base ; posterior tarsi brown-
ish. Wings slightly greyish, with two brownish bands, the first slightly con-
nected on the hind border with the second which is apical; veins black.
Length of the body 5 lines j of the wings 10 lines.

Malacca.

Subfam. Psilides, Walk.
G-en. Micropeza, Macq.

121. MiCEOPEZA EEAGILIS, n. s. Pulva, femoribus tibiisque anticis fuscis, tibiis
posterioribus basi apiceque fuscis, tarsis anticis posticisque albidis, alis sub-
cinereis guttis tribus apiceque limpidis.

Tawny. Fore femora and fore tibiae brown j posterior tibiae brownish at the

38 me. walkee's catalogue or dipteeous insects.

base and at the tips ; fore tarsi and hind tarsi whitish. Wings very slightly
greyish, with three limpid spots forming a curved band near the tips which
are also limpid ; veins black. Length of the body 3£-4 lines ; of the wings
5-6 lines.
Singapore and Mount Ophir.

Gen. Neeitjs, Wied.

122. Nerius fuscipennis, Macq. Dipt. Fxot. ii. 3. 241. 1. pi. 325. f. 5.
Singapore and Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Java and the Philippine Islands.

Gen. Texaea, n. g. (Plate II. jig. 5.)

Feem. Corjwsgraeile, nonsetosum. Caput subproductum ; facies brevis. Antenna
epistoma attingentes ; articulus 3 US clavatus ; arista pubescens, subapicalis.
Thorax subfusiformis. Abdomen lanceolatum, thorace angustius et duplo
longius. Pedes postici longi, femoribus incrassatis serratis, tarsis anticis sub-
dilatatis. Alee angustae.

Female. Body slender, without bristles. Head slightly produced, as broad as
the thorax ; face short ; epistoma not prominent. Antennae extending to the
epistoma ; third joint clavate ; arista minutely pubescent, seated near the tip
of the third joint. Thorax subfusiform. Abdomen lanceolate, narrower than
the thorax and about twice its length. Anterior legs moderately long and
stout ; fore tarsi slightly dilated ; hind legs long ; hind femora incrassated,
serrated beneath ; hind tibiae slightly curved. Wings narrow ; subcostal vein
not extending to one-third of the length of the wing ; mediastinal vein not
extending to half the length ; radial extending to a little beyond three-quarters
of the length ; cubital ending at very little in front of the tip of the wing ;
discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the
border, and by about thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse.

123. Texaea compeessa, n. s., fcem. Nigra, capite nigro-cyaneo subtus cano,
antennis piceis, arista albida, alis subcinereis, halteribus albidis.

Female. Black. Head bluish-black, with hoary tomentum beneath. Antennae
piceous; arista whitish. Wings greyish; veins black. Halteres whitish.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

Desceiption of Plates I. and II.

Obs. All the figures are more or less magnified, and the outline-details comprise
the side and front views of the head, antennae, and base of the wings.

Plate I.

Fig.l. Massicyta bicolor; la, head seen sideways; 15, the head seen in
front; lc, antenna.

Fig. 2. Zambesa Ocypteroides ; 2 a, head sideways ; 25, ditto in front ; 2 c, an-
tenna.

Fig. 3. Xangelina basigutta ; 3 a, head sideways ; 35, ditto in front ; 3 c, an-
tenna ; 3d, base of the wing.

Fig. 4. Xarnuta leucotelus; 4<a, head sideways; 45, ditto in front; 4c, an-
tenna ; 4d, base of wing.

r/wttvu ^/Zn^Cfay. %v-. MS.-/A/38. to

J)ty&Son?Jjiffiit&The'Que&i/.

aa/rn<--Sj,'>m>. c/pf^uw^

J. 4 J6ZS./x38.t2,.

' r;.,Li£hT:'tol','

LS0ftt*t/. ^Zc-^t. ',/6'C, JSJVI

MB. NEWMAN ON A SUPPOSED SPECIES OP PELOP-2ETJS. 39

Fig. 5. Themara ampla ; 5 a, head sideways ; 55, ditto in front ; 5 c, antenna ;
5 a", base of wing.

Fig. 6. Valonia complicata -, 6 a, head sideways j 65, ditto in front; 6c, an-
tenna, g

Plate II.
Fig. 1. SopMra venusta ; la, head sideways ; lb, ditto in front ; lc, antenna.
Fig. 2. Xiria antica; 2 a, head sideways ; 2b, ditto in front; 2 c, antenna.
Fig. 3. Eioxa lanceolata ; 3a, head sideways ; 3b, ditto in front ; 3c, antenna.
Fig. 4. Strumeta conformis; 4 a, head sideways ; 45, ditto in front.
Fig. 5. Texard compressa; 5 a, head sideways; 55, ditto in front; 5c, an-
tenna.
Fig. 6. Diopsis ^-guttata.
Fig. 7. Diopsis ^-guttata.

Note on a supposed species of Pelopceus. By Edwaed Newman,
Esq., F.L.S.

[Eead January 15th, 1856.]

In No. 59 of the "Proceedings" of our Society is a letter
addressed to our Secretary on the economy of a certain Hymeno-
pterous insect as observed by the writer when at Bombay : seve-
ral of the explanations in this letter require correction, although
evidently written in good faith. The description of the insect
and its nest is fully sufficient to identify the tribe and even genus :
it is one of the ¥espina, and doubtless of the genus Pelopceus :
the name of "Mason-bee" is therefore assigned to it in error,
because there is a tribe of Mason-bees possessing a most wonderful
and interesting economy, and with that tribe the present insect
has nothing whatever to do.

In the second place, the male is represented as the builder of
the nest, — a statement so opposed to all we know of the economy
of Hymenoptera, that it may safely be pronounced erroneous ; the
building insect was certainly not a male, and as certainly a female
or neuter.

In the third place, the shining green insect, described as the
female, was unquestionably a parasite, probably of the genus
Clirysis : its presence in the nest of the Wasp was as an insidious
enemy, not as the legitimate partner and participator in domestic
care.

40 ME. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

On the Natural History of the Glowworm (Lampyris noctiluca).

By the late George Newport, Esq., F.L.S. Prepared from

♦the Author's MS. # by George Viner Ellis, Esq., Professor

of Anatomy in Univ. Coll., London. Communicated by the

Secretary f.

[Read December 18th, 1855.]

In the summer of the years 1840, 1841 and 1842, I devoted a
great deal of time to the investigation of the natural history and
anatomy of the Glowworm, in continuation of some researches
commenced in the country so long ago as the year 1830. These
researches had reference more especially to the internal structure of
the light-producing organs, and to the origin and nature of the light.
But although the structure of the parts concerned was repeatedly
and carefully examined, and although the insects themselves were
submitted to numerous experiments, I was unable to arrive at any
entirely satisfactory conclusion, either with regard to the peculiari-
ties of the structure of the organs, or to the nature of the light
which they emit. I felt bound, therefore, to withhold from publi-
cation the observations I had then made until such time as I
might be able either to enter more fully into the examination both
of the natural history of the insect and of its peculiar organization,
or to afford such an explanation of the mode of origin and of the
nature of its luminous property as would be in accordance with
the many facts already ascertained by other inquirers. Some years
later, on comparing the results of a series of observations on the
habits and anatomy of other insects, and especially of Meloe, with
the discoveries of Faraday and Matteucci in physical science, I was
led to the conclusion that a very close relation exists between the
vital and instinctive forces of the organic world and the physical
forces of the inorganic. This view, which was announced in a

* Some additional MS. on the Anatomy and Light of the Glowworm, that is
less complete, I hope to be able to communicate to the Society on a future occa-
sion.— G.Y.E.

f The materials of the present paper have been extracted from the note-books
of the late Mr. Newport by Professor Ellis, of University College. It was evi-
dently Mr. Newport's intention to have continued his observations on this very
interesting insect ; and there can be no doubt that, had he lived to carry out
this intention, the paper would have appeared in a much more complete and
elaborate form. But the observations, incomplete as they are, have appeared
too important to be left unpublished ; and, with this explanation, which is due
to Mr. Newport's memory, they are now printed in the Society's " Journal of
Proceedings."— Secretaey.

OF THE GLOWWORM (lAM^TEIS NOCTILTJCA). 41

paper on Meloe read to the Linnean Society on the 18th of No-
vember 1845, seems to me now to afford a correct explanation of
the origin and nature of the light of the Glowworm, and to eluci-
date facts in the natural history of this and other insects, which do
not seem to be reconcilable in any other way. Added to this, I
am at length enabled, through more perfect means of microscopic
investigation, to supply, from recent examination, facts respecting
the anatomy of the light-giving organs and the other structures,
which had escaped me in my former inquiries.

I propose, therefore, in this paper to give a full account of the
natural history and anatomy of the Glowworm.

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INSECT.

The Imago.

The Glowworm is an insect which has attracted the attention of
our earliest naturalists : it was well known both in this country
and on the continent. Although very limited in its geographical
distribution, it is usually common in those parts in which it is
located.

The period at which the Lampyris noctiluca common to the
north of Europe usually makes its first appearance in this country
is about the middle of June, after it has undergone its metamor-
phosis. Prom that time to the end of June or the middle of July
it is found in abundance on grassy banks, in sheltered spots in
lanes, and at the sides of hedges, especially on calm dewy evenings.
It is most abundant in Kent at the end of June, but in Glouces-
tershire in the middle of July, and shines most vividly at those
times on perfectly calm evenings. Very few are observed to shine
on cold rainy nights, and scarcely one is seen to glimmer on a
perfectly dry night when there is a brisk cold wind. At a tem-
perature of the air below 58° Fahr., the perfect female is said not
to shine, but with that statement my own observations do not en-
tirely agree. It has been thought, also, that the glowworm ceases
to be luminous before midnight ; but, although the light is given
out most intensely and by the greater number of individuals before
that hour, yet this is not invariably the case with all, as I have
witnessed light emitted by some as late as two o'clock in the
morning, and by others until after dawn. The light given out
during the first few evenings of the glowworm's appearance is of
a faint yellow colour, but after several evenings, if the creature
continues to shine, it becomes of a greenish-yellow, and is less
intense : this faintness is very marked if the insect has been kept

42 ME. NEWPOET ON THE NATUEAL HISTOEY

several days in confinement, and especially when there has not
been communion with the other sex. It is given out from the
ventral surface of the last three segments of the body, which are
almost transparent, and have no dark pigment in their texture ;
but it is most intense in the anterior half of the tenth and eleventh
segments, on each of which it forms two broad bands extending
across the whole surface. In the twelfth or last segment it is
feeble, and appears merely as two bright spots, one on each side
of the surface, and each about the size of a moderate pin's head.
The light is most intense in those females which have passed
through their metamorphosis only within the last two or three
days, and have not yet paired : in these it is sometimes so power-
ful, that I have been able to read small print for an hour by my
watch in the darkest night. It is given forth most intensely in
faint flashes immediately the insect becomes stationary after loco-
motion, and usually when it has crept up a blade of grass, or
crawled along a slight eminence in its native haunts ; if the insect
is watched at that time, it may frequently be observed to coil the
extremity of its body upwards, exposing its light most to view,
and turning it to the right and to the left, as if to use it as a
beacon for the wandering volant male. Even when she is perfectly
stationary on the ground for a few minutes, the female rests with
the extremity of her body turned to one side, so as still to show
the light ; though if the male continues absent, she seldom remains
long in one place or position, but continues alternately to wander
on and to rest, scintillating her light more and more intensely at
intervals.

I have witnessed these circumstances repeatedly both in the
natural haunts of the insect and in confinement ; and am scarcely
prepared to regard them as a direct act of the will, but rather as
an evolution of instinct through the direct stimulus of vital causes,
precisely as I regard what is in like manner believed to be a volun-
tary extinction of the light (Kirby and Spence, vol. ii.) at the
moment of capture or of sudden contact with a foreign body. At
the instant of such contact the entire body of the insect is con-
tracted and shortened, more especially on the ventral surface ; and
not only are the light-giving segments drawn one within the other,
but the luminous organs within them are simply removed from
immediate contact with the tegument, and are not, as supposed by
Murray* and Muller, hidden behind opake parts: possibly the

* See Murray's Experimental Kesearchea on the Light of the Glowworm.
Edinb. 1826.

OF THE GLOWWOBM (LAMPTEIS NOCTILTJCA). 43

darkness may be also due to the withdrawal of nervous influence
and its employment in the action of the muscles ; and thus the sem-
blance of an act of volition may be given to what is owing to purely
vital and physical causes. This explanation appears probable from
the fact that the light is never completely extinguished in the anal
segment, in which the organs within are not easily removed from
contact with the tegument by the ventral muscles. It may be
necessary to bear these circumstances in mind, as we shall find
that they are of some consequence with reference to the right inter-
pretation of the nature of the light.

It has been supposed by most naturalists (Kirby and Spence,
&c. # ) that the production and use of the light have immediate
reference to the function of reproduction,— a view in which I
entirely coincide, as it is not only in accordance with the facts now
stated, but with all the circumstances of the natural history of the
insect. It has been objected to this view by some, that the male
also is slightly luminous, but this fact in no way affects the con-
clusion with regard to the female.

The male of Lampyris noctiluca, as every naturalist is aware, is
a winged insect with large organs of vision over the greater por-
tion of each side of the head. It is far less numerous than the
female, and is very rarely taken, except on calm evenings, while
hovering about, or when in company with the females shining most
vividly ; it is, however, allured by the presence of artificial light
(Westwood, Introduction, p. 248). The sole object of its life in
the winged state is to search out its partner j and as it takes no
food whatever when it has assumed the winged condition, its
period of existence is necessarily very brief, for it dies generally
after it has paired. The light of the female too, after the union of
the sexes, becomes greatly diminished, and soon after the depo-
sition of her ova — a proceeding which occupies a few days — she
also perishes ; so that in a week or two after the middle of July,
when almost every individual has deposited her ova or has died
unimpregnated, all traces of the light of the glowworm are extin-
guished.

Like the females of most insects, the glowworm has her life pro-
longed for a considerable period beyond that of her congeners, if
she has not been impregnated. And the chances that some of the
females may not be impregnated are very great, as the males are
not only few in number, but their time of appearance, so far as my

* Journal of a Naturalist, 1830, 3rd edit. p. 302 ; Westwood's Introduction,
1838, vol. i. p. 248.

44 ME. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

observations have gone, is very limited ; they are to be found chiefly
only on the first two or three evenings after the glowworms have
begun to shine, and just completed their metamorphoses, and even
then only on warm calm nights. While, therefore, those females
which have received the male proceed with the deposition of their
ova, their light waning more and more on each evening until at
length it ceases with the life of the parent, the unimpregnated
females continue to shine more and more vividly on each succeeding
night, and their life is prolonged for many days beyond the usual
period in expectation of the chance partner that may yet remain .
The period during which the glowworm continues to shine is rarely
more than from fifteen to twenty days. Its time of appearance
and disappearance varies only a few days in different localities,
usually from the end of June to the middle of July ; but if in the
season of their coming forth the weather is boisterous and wet,
not only are fewer individuals seen, but their time of stay is more
limited, because many perish early, either at the time when their
metamorphosis is about to be completed, and when excess of
moisture is exceedingly injurious to them, or during their expo-
sure on the herbage awaiting their partners. Instead of finding
them abundant at one spot in such seasons, they are met with but
rarely, and are scattered solitarily over a wide extent.

The Impregnation of the Female, and the Deposition of the Eggs.

In the summers of 1840 and 1841 1 received from the country,
through the kindness of a friend, several collections of glowworms,
both in the latter stage of the larva, and in the imago state.
"With these I was enabled to watch the transformation, to ob-
serve the pairing of the sexes, and the development of the ova.
Degeer originally watched the metamorphosis, and Martle, with
subsequent writers, has given some account of the habits of the
larva ; but they left very much to be ascertained. In the middle
of June 1841, having then received a collection of both male and
female glowworms, and having also by me some other females,
reared from larvae sent to me in the early part of the year, which
had not paired, I had the means of watching the whole of their
natural history, and the period of the development of the young.

I placed a virgin female, which I knew to be such from having
raised it from the pupa only a few hours before, under a glass, and
put with it two of the males which I had then just received from
the country. This was at six in the evening of the 19th of June.

OF THE GLOWWORM (LAMPYItIS NOCTILUCA). 45

Within a very few seconds of the occurrence, the males became
most assiduous in their attention to the female, and one of them
was in contact in from ten to twelve minutes ; but it had not re-
mained longer than a minute when it was accidentally removed,
and the female instantly passed a single egg. Union was again
effected in an equally short length of time, but the female endea-
voured to escape, and did not receive the attention of the male as
might have been expected ; in a few minutes, however, she became
more quiet, and the male remained in contact. This second
attachment commenced at exactly sixteen minutes after six p.m. ;
and the temperature of the atmosphere was then 66° Fahr. in the
open air — the evening being moist but warm. The glowworms
continued in contact for fifteen minutes, when the female began
to crawl about, actively dragging after her the male, which main-
tained his attachment, though he lost it once for a few seconds ;
and while thus attached, the antennae of the male were thrown
backwards, and the head was drawn along under the thorax. The
sexes now continued united for an hour and a half, and then se-
parated naturally, the impregnation appearing to have been com-
plete. At fourteen minutes before eight p.m. I placed them in a box,
the bottom of which was covered with damp earth with a little
tuft of grass, for the purpose of observing the time and mode of
depositing the eggs. I now placed the vessel in the open air,
covered with a thin gauze net to prevent the escape of the insects ;
the female continued for nearly an hour to crawl about on the
grass and on the earth, still emitting her light, but with only
moderated brilliancy, while the male was concealed beneath the
grass and remained perfectly quiet as in repose. At five o'clock
on the following morning, when the temperature of the air was
about 60° Pahr., the female continued in motion with the male still
flitting about her, but the two were not in contact. I now exa-
mined the vessel and the tuft of grass very carefully, but no eggs
had yet been deposited. I then covered the vessel, so as to exclude
light as much as possible, and placed it in a dark room. At eleven
o'clock in the day, when the atmosphere was at 65° Fahr., the male
was still in occasional attendance on his partner, but no eggs had
yet been deposited by her. During the remainder of this day and
in the evening, the attention of the male was undiminished, but
on the following morning I found him dead. The female, how-
ever, did not begin to deposit her eggs until the next evening.
The conclusion to be drawn from this experiment seems to be,
that, though the female is impregnated at an early period after

46 MB. NEWPOBT ON THE NATTTBAL HISTOBT

quitting the pupa state, the eggs may not be deposited for twenty-
four to forty-eight hours after impregnation.

In the following year (1842) I had an opportunity of repeating
this observation. Having carefully preserved some larvae of the
glowworm through the preceding winter and spring, and succeeded
in rearing pupae and perfect insects from them, I found on the
morning of the 18th of June, the temperature being at 67° Pahr.,
that four female glowworms had assumed the perfect state, and
that two of these had begun to shine very brilliantly. There were
also two male insects; these had not yet assumed the perfect
form, but were still pupae ; and as the whole of these had entered
the pupa state about the same time, it would seem that the males
remain longer in that condition than the females. During the
night between the 20th and 21st of June, the two males also
threw off the pupa-covering, and their elytra remained soft and
pliable, being liable to injury for several hours. On the evening
of the 21st, the males began to pay attention to the females, and
on examining the insects at five o'clock on the following morning
(June 22nd) I found them in coitu ; at three o'clock in the same
afternoon, when the temperature of the atmosphere was 70° Fahr.,
the boxes which contained the glowworms having been placed in a
dark closet, they were still attentive to the females, and I found
that some eggs had been deposited at the roots of the grass. One
of the males was very attentive to the female that appeared to
have deposited the ova. This female was shining much more
brilliantly than the others. The fact of eggs having been depo-
sited by one of these females within a very few hours after copu-
lation, while in the former case eggs were not produced until
nearly two days had elapsed, seems, when the relative time of the
females leaving their pupa state is considered, to confirm the con-
clusion above stated, namely that when the female has been
abroad for a day or two before being impregnated, the ova, being
already fully matured, are then deposited very soon after the com-
munion of the sexes ; while, if the female is brought into contact
with the male very quickly after leaving the puparium, the ova
may not be deposited for one or two days afterwards.

The deposition of eggs, which had commenced on the 22nd of
June, as mentioned above, was continued : at half-past ten on the
morning of the 24th, when the temperature of the atmosphere was
about 65° Fahr., I found that an abundance of eggs had been de-
posited. A few of these were on the stems and blades of the
grass, but by far the greater proportion on the small exposed root*

or THE glowwobm (lampybis noctiltjoa). 47

fibres ; this, therefore, appears to be the habit of the insect. The
males continued to pay attention to their partners, which were
still engaged in the act of deposition, so that repeated impregna-
tion may be necessary, perhaps, for the full impregnation of all
the ova. On the 25th of June, at ten a.m., I removed some of the
eggs to a glass tube, closed at each end by a cork, for the purpose
of observing their development; as there is some difficulty in
doing this when the eggs are repeatedly exposed in the observa-
tions.

I now observed that the males were beginning to pay less at-
tention to their partners ; so that the season of shining is followed
quickly by that of pairing and the deposition of the eggs ; and
when the latter takes place quickly after pairing, the female has
already been in communication with the male, or has been for
some days abroad.

On the 26th of June, in the afternoon, when the temperature
was near 70°, all my glowworms, both male and female, were still
living, but the former ceased to pay any attention to the latter,
and these were not depositing any ova.

On the following day, however, June 27th, a few more eggs were
deposited, and one of the males was again attending to and flitting
about the female ; but after this day all further attention entirely
ceased, and the males died. The light of the females also became
exceedingly faint, and was shot forth only feebly at intervals. In
a few days these also died. I am not prepared, however, to state
whether these invariably die after depositing their ova, as I be-
lieve, or whether they continue to feed and live on until the follow-
ing year. It is quite certain that they take some nourishment in
their perfect state, but this is not the case with the male.

In connexion with the deposition of the ova, it is interesting to
mark the way in which that process is conducted when the union
of the sexes has not been effected. Thus, if it happens from the
absence of males that the glowworm has not been impregnated
within two or three days after quitting the pupa, the light is
given out for one or two evenings with increased intensity, and is
constantly exposed to view in the manner before described ; whilst
the insect appears to be greatly excited, and alternately moves
from place to place, resting on the ground or climbing to the ex-
tremity of blades of grass, changing the position of her body and
the light, and shining with greater brightness, but no eggs are
deposited. Like many other insects, and more especially the
females of some Lepidoptera, the glowworm retains her eggs for a

48 ME. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

very long time when unimpregnated ; and if at the end of several
days impregnation has not occurred, the natural instinct of the
creature becomes markedly affected, precisely as I formerly pointed
out is the case with the female Meloe under similar circumstances
(Linn. Trans, vol. xx. p. 302) . Her body becomes greatly distended
by the fully matured ova within her ; the light loses its brilliancy .
and is less constantly exposed, and its colour is changed to a green-
ish hue. She wanders about, with evident distress, less rapidly, but
more constantly, and ultimately deposits her eggs at random on the
grass over which she travels, or even on the ground, one or two
at a time. A very slight mechanical stimulus of touch or pressure
on her body will then occasion her to extrude an egg, but never-
theless she is extremely tenacious of life, and lives on until very
many of her ova have been carelessly extruded and scattered. After
some time she dies. In one experiment made to ascertain the
length of time the glowworm may live unimpregnated, I found the
light given out with greater brilliancy on the second evening after
the glowworm had been in confinement ; with still greater on the
third and fourth, at which time the little prisoner was evidently
in great distress, alternately traversing the sides and bottom of
the box in which she was confined, then remaining stationary for
a few minutes and emitting her light with its utmost vividness, —
it being at one moment very bright, and then slightly dimmed for
a few seconds, but only to be shed again at the next instant with
greater brilliancy. The insect was strongly attracted by the light,
first to the one side and then to the opposite ; and the sexual im-
pulse was manifested by the frequent protrusion of the vaginal
portion of the body. On the fifth evening the light had become
fainter ; and from this time to the tenth day, when the insect died,
the light continued to diminish in brilliancy, and became of a much
greener colour.

At the moment of the laying of the eggs, each is covered with a
very glutinous and adhesive matter, as I have found when an egg
has been extruded from the body beneath my eye under a lens.
They are affixed firmly by means of this matter to the small ex-
posed roots or the base of the stems of blades of grass, though not
in the ground as some have stated, but close to the surface; so
that, without being covered by the soil, they are constantly retained
in a humid locality, and yet are freely submitted to the influence
of heat and air, — conditions which I have constantly found abso-
lutely necessary for their development. Some naturalists have
stated thatthey are usually deposited on moss ; but this condition,

OP THE GLOWWORM (LAMPYRIS FOCTILTJCA). 49

I believe, is not usual. I have always found my specimens in
confinement attached as stated to the exposed roots or stems of
grass, whence the larva?, when hatched, are most likely to find
their prey near to them, and where they are constantly in a damp
place, and in a situation in which all their requirements are best
supplied.

Supposed Luminosity of the JEggs.

It has frequently been stated that the eggs are luminous, but of
the truth of this there is considerable doubt (Eogerson, Murray,
Tiedemann) : they certainly are slightly effulgent soon after they
are deposited, but this, I consider, is due rather to the matter with
which they are covered when extruded, than to any inherent pro-
perty of their own. "With the view of ascertaining the truth of
the statement, I have examined the ova both within and without
the body. In the female which had died unimpregnated on the
tenth day after capture, the ovaries were filled with ova, and when
placed in water before removal from the body appeared to emit a
greenish light; after three hours' immersion they still appeared,
when the specimen was carried into a dark room, to give out a
very faint greenish light ; but when they had been standing a few
hours longer in the water, no light was perceptible from them : the
light appeared to have been due to what was transmitted through
them from the segments. I then opened the body of a female that
was still living, but which had deposited a large proportion of her
eggs ; and on carrying the specimen into a dark room, the remain-
ing ova appeared to be luminous, like the preceding j-the specimen
was then immersed still living in water, and the ova appeared to
be more luminous than before. The entire ovaries containing the
ova were next removed from the body beneath water, placed in a
separate vessel, and carried into a dark room, but no light was
then emitted by them. They were as opake as those of other
insects ; so that the light which they appeared to give out before
removal from the body, was due in reality to that of the light-
giving segments, being transmitted through them. The segments
themselves, after the eggs were removed, still emitted light very
powerfully, although immersed in water, and continued to do so for
nearly five hours, while the insect lived, and almost as brightly as
when the insect is uninjured. In a third instance, which was
examined at the same time as the preceding, I found the ovaries,
when opened in the air, full of ova, but these were not luminous.
On placing the insect in water, the eggs then appeared to give

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 4

50 ME. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

out a faint light, but after immersion for an hour or two they
ceased to shine. "When the ova and ovaries were removed, I found
that the segments gave out only a very faint light, although the
insect was still living, and light continued to be given out from
them for several hours, but very faintly. It was thus evident to
me that the ova which are within the ovarium certainly do not
emit light before deposition, but merely transmit that of the seg-
ments beneath them ; but when the ova are deposited, I am
inclined to admit that a very slight luminosity is sometimes
apparent, though this is due rather to the fluid covering of the
egg than to the egg itself.

The Development of the Emlryo.

I have stated that some of the eggs deposited between the 22nd
and 25th of June were removed into a glass tube, still attached
to the roots of grass to which they had been affixed. This was
done in order that the eggs might not be affected too much by
warmth and dryness during examination, as when they are long
exposed, or have not sufficient moisture, they quickly dry up and
are destroyed. If, however, they are enclosed in a tube, and the
interior of the tube only very slightly moistened occasionally, then
the eggs become developed as in the natural haunts. I did not
observe the development of the young Lampyris within the eggs,
as opportunities were wanting for my so doing, but only watched
that of the egg itself, and the time of appearance of the young. The
tube with the eggs was placed in the same box and under the same
circumstances precisely as some of the same brood of eggs which
still remained attached to the roots of grass. In both these sets
I found that at about the 25th or 28th day after the eggs had
been deposited they were considerably enlarged,— a certain sign
that their development was in progress ; this increase was very
distinctly marked at this time, viz. about the middle of the period
of development of the embryo, in accordance with what I have
before and since observed in the development of other species of
insects and in other broods of eggs of the glowworm itself, as well
as in the Iulidce (Phil. Trans. 1841).

On the 7th of August I had the satisfaction to find that the
eggs in the tube, which had been deposited between the 23rd and
25th of June, were producing their larva?. I had been prevented
during the interval from watching minutely the daily progress of
the eggs, and I am unable to detail the steps of the formation in

Or THE GLOWWOBM (LAMPYBIS tfOCTILUCA). 51

this insect: I had noticed only that the egg had considerably-
increased in size, but had not in any way changed its colour. It
however, appeared now to be slightly effulgent on the day before
the young appeared, — a phenomenon which I subsequently found
to be attributable to the embryo within. I saw one specimen
immediately after leaving the ovum : at first it was coiled up and
inactive, — a circumstance which I attribute to its being still
enclosed in the amnion after the shell has burst. It was then of
a very delicate straw-white colour, and for a few minutes quite
inactive : as soon, however, as its body is stretched out and the
amnion removed, it begins to move very feebly, but after a short
time with more strength. Its colour also begins to change, the
white becoming of a darker shade, and in less than half an hour
the whole body is tinged of a very light grey. In the course of
two or three hours this colour becomes much darker, and after
some hours longer it is of a dull black, like the body of the parent.
Its body is then composed of thirteen segments, including the
head, and it moves with considerable activity ; its onward motion
being mainly effected by means of the anal segment, which serves
the purpose of the prolegs of herbivorous larva? in assisting the
progress of its body.

The length of time which these eggs had occupied in development
was thus on the average about forty-five days, or a little more
than six weeks. The other specimens, which had remained in the
box attached to the roots of grass, were hatched in about the same
time ; but the period of incubation was shorter by ten or twelve
days than that occupied in the development of a brood of glow-
worms' eggs in the preceding year, when the temperature of the
season was very much lower with rain.

During the time the specimens above referred to were in course
of development, the heat was above the average, for at the latter
part of the time on one day it was 86°, and on more than one it
ranged from 76° to 78° Eahr. This result agrees with that derived
from the observations I have before and since made, viz. that the
more or less rapid development of the embryo is mainly dependent
on differences in the amount of heat supplied to it from without.

The Food and Habits of the Larva.

Six days after the harm were hatched, I supplied them with their
proper food — a portion of a living snail, which they immediately
began to devour with great avidity. Before this they had sipped

4*

52 ME. NEWPOET ON THE EATUEAL HISTOEY

the water added to the interior of the tube. The proper food of
the larva was ascertained first, I believe, by Eogerson (Philos.
Mag. vol. lviii. p. 63), who is quoted by Murray, in the year 1826 ;
it was afterwards pointed out by M. Maille in the ' Bulletin Soc.
Phil.,' Feb. 1826, also in the ' Annales des Sciences Naturelles,'
vol. vii. p. 353, and since then by a writer in the ' Penny Cyclopaedia.'
The fact has since been re-stated and established with additions,
by Eennie, in 1831*. Eogerson stated that the larvae "feed on
small snails, and the carcases of insects, &c."

At the end of eighteen days the larvae were still very active, and
had grown considerably, but had not yet shed their skins ; they
had been fed during the interval on portions of a snail. On the
following day (August 26th), or nineteen days after hatching, one
specimen underwent its first change in casting off its skin, but
exhibited no change of form. "When the larva first escapes from
the egg^ the only change it experiences is that of colour : it be-
comes of a deep grey-black, with the margin and posterior angles
of the segments of a whitish colour, and with a distinct white line
along the middle of the back in the line of the dorsal vessel. After
the first change of skin, the whole of the upper surface of the body
becomes of a much deeper colour ; the longitudinal line almost
entirely disappears, and the angles of the segments are then white,
and have also a reddish or flesh-coloured spot at the apex.

On the 15th September, or nineteen days after the first change,
some of the specimens cast their tegument a second time, while
others had only then just entered their first period, although the
whole had been living under like conditions. I have constantly
noticed similar differences, and am strongly induced to refer them
to original imperfect impregnation of the ovum.

I had thus traced the individuals I had watched from the egg f
to the second change of tegument in the middle of September, when
by accidents most of them died ; and 1 was forced to continue my
observations on other specimens which had been supplied to me
from their native haunts in the beginning of October.

A full account of the habits of the Glowworm was first given in
the ' Bulletin Soc. Phil.,' Feb. 1826, and subsequently in the same
year in the ' Annales des Sciences Naturelles,' vol. vii. p. 353, and
these memoirs are attributed to M. Maille. Eogerson, however,
as mentioned before, had given a brief history of the insect, and
had already shown that it feeds on snails. A particular account of
the cleanliness of the larva is given in the ' Bulletin des Sciences
* Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, vol. i. pp. 16 & 19, 1831.

OF THE GLOWWORM (LAMPYRI9 NOCTILUCa). 53

Naturelles,' June 1826, vol. viii. p. 296 ; and the same is also re-
ferred to by a writer in the ' Penny Cyclopaedia,' in which are given
some additional accounts of the voracity of the creature and its
mode of feeding.

I am not aware, however, that any one has made observations
similar to some which have been reported to me in a letter dated
August 23, 1840, by my friend Professor Ellis.' The writer in the
' Penny Cyclopaedia ' states that he kept the larvae alive for a long
time, and that they subsisted upon snails : " Attacking those of the
largest sort sometimes, they would seize a snail whilst crawling,
and when the snail retired within its shell they would still keep
their hold, and allow themselves to be carried into the shell with
the snail; and although they became enveloped with mucous
secretion, it very seldom appeared to adhere to their bodies."
Mr. Ellis wished to observe the proceedings here described of the
larva being carried into the shell by the snail, and therefore fur-
nished snails to some larvae that he had in confinement. He was
not able to verify the statements made by the writer referred to.
On the contrary, he says : " Instead of witnessing that effect, I
was astonished to'find that the manner of destroying the snail was
by a series of sudden bites, repeated at intervals ; and I was more-
over struck with the fact that the snail seemed in extreme agony
after the first bite. I therefore made a number of experiments
with snails, and the following are the results : —

" Exp. 1. — A rather large snail was bitten ; it retracted after the
wound of the glowworm into its shell, and had afterwards a partial
paralysis (if I may so speak), inasmuch as it could not right its
shell when crawling.

" Exp. 2. — Another, bitten in the horn, was not able, or did not
protrude it fully for as much as a quarter of an hour afterwards ;
and put out only one (the opposite) for some time.

"Exp. 3. — Some smaller snails, bitten once by a large larva,
never emerged from their shells afterwards, and it is now eight
hours since, while one or two seemed to be dead.

" Perhaps you may think these effects are due to mechanical
injury. I kept this also in view, and pierced some of the snails
when crawling through and through with a needle, and fastened
them thus to the table ; but although they retracted into their shells
as much as possible for the time, they came out again directly
afterwards, and were to all appearance as well and active as ever
— even those that had been impaled three or four times. These
effects cannot be simply those arising from mechanical injury,

54 MB. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

seeing the difference in the results. I therefore infer that there is
some special poison inserted, or influence exercised, at the time of
striking the prey, like that of the snake-tribe ; and that the effect
on the snail is proportioned to its size, for it takes repeated bites
to kill a large one. I am further confirmed in this opinion by the
fact that, when a dead snail is presented, the glowworm simply
begins to eat slowly. The way in which the glowworms remove
the snail, when killed, is interesting : they walk backwards with
it, using the claws (prolegs) at the end of the tail as feet."

These interesting facts, communicated to me by my friend
Professor Ellis, immediately led me to watch the proceedings of
the glowworm. I had the gratification of witnessing every parti-
cular, and the opportunity of confirming what he had pointed
out, as he had forwarded to me with the glowworms some of the
same species of snail as those employed by himself. These snails
proved to be the Helix nemoralis, and were mostly young indi-
viduals; but there were also some full-grown ones, and besides
them was a small specimen of Limax agrestis. As a general result,
I found that the larvae attacked most fiercely and fed upon the
former species of snail most voraciously, but would not touch the
latter ; their proper food therefore appears to be the Helices.

On repeating these observations, I at first thought that it was
only the smaller snails which fell a prey to this larva, but I soon
found, as stated by the writer in the ' Penny Cyclopaedia,' that
the very largest are also destroyed by it ; for I have seen the full-
grown and largest-sized Helix attacked by a single larva. I have
not, however, seen the larva actually drawn into the shell by the
snail, as mentioned by M. Maille, and I therefore suspect that
was an accidental occurrence which is likely to happen, since the
mode of attack, as M. Maille states, is by sudden bites, repeated,
as my friend observes, at intervals, and, as I myself noticed,
made by the larva with apparently great caution. So far from the
larva being drawn into the shell by the snail, I have noticed that
the frothy matter that is invariably given out by the snail when
it returns into its shell after being bitten by its assailant, is parti-
cularly avoided by the larva. I witnessed the attack of a larva
on a very large and full-grown snail while crawling. The larva
raising the anterior part of its body made one sudden and very
cautious bite about midway in the body of the snail on the margin
of the foot, and repeated this by running backwards and forwards
from the tail to the head of the snail. At each bite the snail
seemed to be in great agony, and a greenish transparent fluid was

OF THE GLOWWORM (LAMPTRTS NOCTILTTCA). 55

instantly exuded from each wound. In this way the larva con-
tinued its attack on the snail, running along the side of it from
tail to head and back again, repeating its bite at each turn as the
snail crawled along. It seemed to direct its chief attacks against
the head of its victim, and in this it succeeded in two or three
attempts. Once the snail was bitten at the base of one of the
large feelers, and the effect was inability to protrude the organ to
its full extent. I then placed this snail aside until the next day :
although it had been the object of repeated attacks it was not
killed, but only appeared to be a little paralysed. These experi-
ments were made on the 27th of August, when the larvae were in
full activity. On the following afternoon I found that the speci-
men set aside had really been more injured than at first appeared ;
it moved very feebly and slowly, and was unable to protrude the
feelers on the injured side of the body to their full extent. The
inferior margin of the body from the head to the posterior extre-
mity of the foot was unused, irregular and shrunken, and the entire
animal had evidently suffered greatly in health ; it appeared to be
highly sensitive to light. I then placed near it a large larva, by
which it was immediately bitten in the inferior horn on the left
side, and the snail retired into its shell. Before it could withdraw
itself completely, it was again struck in the margin of the foot on
the right side, and the larva then passed quietly to the opposite
side and wounded it there also ; then, just as the snail was about
to reappear, bit it again twice, first in the inferior, then in the
superior horn of the right side ; and when the snail made an effort
to protrude the left horn, which had never recovered its original
power, wounded it again in that also. After this, it was struck
again on the margin of the foot on both sides, and the snail then
seemed to be entirely incapable either of completely withdrawing
itself within the shell, or of locomotion and attempt to escape.
Its body soon appeared shrunk and corrugated, and writhed as if
in great agony. It occasionally protruded a very small portion of
its horns, but it seemed to have lost all power to project them to
their full extent, the utmost length being then not more than one-
half that of their original dimensions.

It was interesting to observe with what apparent caution the
glowworm proceeded with its work of destruction. It protruded
its head to the greatest extent from the thorax, extended its body
backwards, and flexed and affixed it firmly by its prolegs, so as to
obtain as it were a fulcrum against which it might direct its
whole strength in the attack. When I removed the snail, in order

56 ME. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY ■

to learn whether it would ultimately recover from its injuries, the
larva seemed perfectly disconsolate, turning its head about with
extended mandibles in every direction, and watching like a dog at
fault. A second snail was then supplied to it, which I shall
designate

No. 2. — This also was a snail of the very largest size and perfect
health. The instant it had left its shell and began to crawl freely
along, the larva attacked it : it was bitten once in the inferior horn
of the right side and immediately drew itself within the shell, but
almost as quickly came forth again, though it did not protrude the
horn. In a few minutes the snail had regained its full power of
locomotion, and crawled slowly along, yet apparently in agony. The
larva then ran quickly backwards and forwards at the side of its
victim, with its head and mandibles extended, and watching for a
proper opportunity to strike it again : it next passed backwards to
the side of the snail as this creature crawled forwards, and sud-
denly struck it again in the under lip . The snail instantly retracted,
and before the larva could disengage itself, drew it within the shell
for a short distance ; but this was evidently accidental, as the latter
let go its hold, and, affixed by its prolegs, awaited the onward move-
ment of the snail again. After this it gave its victim another severe
wound, and the snail withdrew itself entirely. The larva appeared
to search eagerly about for its lost victim, first in one direction
and then in another. Soon after this it bit the snail within the
shell, and this wound had the effect of occasioning the creature to
protrude itself, and again it crawled along, the larva following in
its track.

Observing how little injurious effect was produced on the snail
by these repeated attacks of its assailant, I began to suspect that
if the injury to the snail depended on the effect of any specific
poison injected into the wound at the moment of striking it, that
by the repetition of attacks on the snail No. 1, the virulence of
the poison might have become exhausted, and the bites on this
one therefore produce but little injury. Accordingly I removed
this larva, and placed a second one in its stead to attack the snail,
and certainly the result which followed the bites of this second
seemed in some measure to justify the supposition. No sooner
had this larva been placed near the snail than it struck it repeatedly
in the head, the snail retracting at each attack, and appearing to
suffer much more severely than from all the attacks of its first
assailant : each wound appeared to be equally severe, until at last
the snail shrunk into its shell. It did not appear, however, to be

or THE glowwoem (lampyeis noctilttca). 57

able to remain within the shell more than a few minutes after
being wounded, as it seemed to writhe in agony from the bites.
These observations therefore do not seem to support the statement,
that it is usual for the larva to be drawn by the snail into its
shell ; on the contrary, the instinct of the larva seemed to lead it
to avoid this interruption to its attack, as before striking severely
it invariably affixed itself firmly by its prolegs and curved the
posterior part of its body in the form of an arch, as if for the pur-
pose of affording a means of support, and allowing the entire body
to be suddenly extended forwards to reach the object of its attack.
On one or two occasions, when the larva made a very fierce bite,
and struck its mandibles deeply into the wound as the snail was
crawling at full length out of its shell, the larva was dragged along
for a short distance, but I never saw the creature drawn into the
shell by the snail. I now set aside this individual like No. 1, and
placed a much smaller snail with the larva first employed. This I
shall call No. 3. The size of this snail was not greater than that
of a large pea.

No. 3. — The larva bit this snail once, and the effect was imme-
diately evident, although this creature had so repeatedly bitten the
larger snail ; yet the power of locomotion was not destroyed. The
specimen No. 4 was next exposed to this larva : this was rather
larger than No. 3 : it was bitten once in the head and retired
within its shell. At the expiration of one minute it came out
again, but its power of locomotion was affected, and it was unable
to protrude its left horn. I now allowed this snail to be bitten
by another larva which had not been employed before, and which
was rather smaller than those before used : the snail was bitten
once by it and withdrew itself, and seemed to exhibit effects of
something more severe than the simple wound. This snail I put
by like the former.

Another specimen, No. 5, was now employed : this was rather
larger than the two preceding, but not so large as the first two ;
it was also bitten once by the larva last employed. This specimen
as yet had been perfectly uninjured. The larva seemed voracious
and active ; it bit this specimen slightly at the extremity of the
foot, and I allowed it to bite again the head and neck. The snail,
when bitten on the head, instantly retired and threw out abun-
dance of froth ; it soon emerged from the shell, and attempted to
crawl, but it was unable to keep the shell upright on its back ;
it then retired within, and again came forth from the shell with
apparently a little more power. I then allowed it to be bitten

58 MR. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

again on the mouth, and it again withdrew itself. By this time
it was evident that the snail was much injured, and I allowed the
larva to feed upon it.

I then placed a healthy snail, No. 6, about the size of those just
noticed, and allowed this to be bitten once by a fresh and hitherto
unemployed larva. The wound in this was in the head : the snail
withdrew into its shell and never came forth again ; and two hours
afterwards I found that it was completely dead. This experiment
induced me to think, with my friend Professor Ellis, that the bite
of the glowworm is peculiarly poisonous to the snail, although I
was uncertain in what way it produces its effect. It was evident
from all the previous observations, that, even after the first bite
from a larva that had already expended its force on other snails,
the bitten snail writhes and seems to be in great agony ; and if a
young individual, it often dies from this single wound in a state of
contraction or kind of convulsion, giving out at the time a sanious
fluid.

The circumstances noticed in these detailed experiments with
regard to the little effect produced on different snails by the same
larva which had previously bitten many successive times, and the
very marked result which instantly followed the bite of one which
had not before been employed, seem to support the opinion that a
fluid, which is poisonous to the snail, is injected into the wound
by the larva at the moment of its bite, and that the effect produced
is diminished in the ratio of the number of times the larva has
already bitten : precisely as in poisonous snakes, in which, as also
in the glowworm, we may suppose the want of power to produce
death may be due to exhaustion of the supply of their secreted
fluid, or to its imperfectly matured secretion and dilution with
other fluids.

I may mention here, in support of the view that a poison is
injected, that I have noticed, on watching some larvae which were
preparing to attack the snail, a transparent fluid oozing from its
mouth and extended mandibles. Whether this fluid is secreted by
distinct poison-glands, as is the case with the centipede and with
serpents ; or whether it is merely a profuse flow of saliva, which
may act as a poison on the prey, is yet a subject for inquiry.
Certainly such a fluid is produced, and the mouth of the glowworm
is filled with it to overflowing at the moment of its attack. I have
witnessed the same thing in the Carabidce and in the Silphidce,
both of which generate an abundance of dark-coloured foetid fluid
from the mouth at the time they are feeding, though this I am

OF THE GLOWWORM (LAMPYEIS NOCTILUCA). 59

inclined to regard as the proper saliva of these insects. At one
time I thought I had detected two poison-glands, in the form of
two sacculated salivary vessels, in the perfect female glowworm,
but I was not able to confirm this dissection in other instances.
It is not improbable that the fluid exuded by the mouth may be
secreted by the stomach ; as in one instance, while a larva was
attacking a large snail, I observed that its mouth was flowing with
a blackish fluid .which it subsequently regurgitated in considerable
quantity. It was similar in appearance to the fluid ejected from
the salivary glands or the stomach by the larva and imago Carabi ;
and it seems probable therefore that the fluid of the Lampyris is
of the same kind.

That the effect of the bite on the snail was not simply that of
mechanical injury, I am of the same opinion as my friend above
quoted, since, like him, I struck several snails through in every
part with a needle, and wounded them ostensibly far more severely
than did the larva ; and yet they appeared not to suffer half so
much inconvenience, nor give -evidence of agony by their peculiar
contortions, but moved away with as much activity as before:
their movements were not in the slightest degree impeded. One
snail, which I repeatedly struck through the head and neck, and
impaled on the table, seemed quite unaffected when released, and
appeared, if there was indeed any difference in its speed, to move
a little quicker. Even although I pierced this specimen through
the head twice, close to the cerebral ganglion, it did not appear to
be seriously injured : it withdrew for an instant within its shell?
but soon came forth again and moved away with as much ease and
speed as before, and was alive and apparently quite well on the
following day. Another and much larger snail, pierced twice
through the stomach and head, crawled away as readily as when
uninjured ; but when this same specimen was afterwards bit once
by a larva which was only of moderate size, the snail withdrew
into its shell, and was completely dead within two hours.

Although the mechanical injury inflicted by myself on this last
snail had not produced any marked result, the effect from the bite
of the larva of the glowworm was instantaneous, and reminded me
strongly of the action of some deadly poison injected into the body
of a vertebrated animal, as that of the viper, &c, only that it was
more rapid and approximative to the effect of an electric shock.

The repetition, extension, and variation of the experiments of
Professor Ellis prove : —

That the single bite of a larva of the glowworm will infallibly

60 MR. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

kill a small snail, of about the size of a large pea, in less than
two hours.

That two or three bites are usually required to kill a snail about
the size of a small bullet.

That the effect produced by the bite is not that of mere mecha-
nical injury. Nor does it appear that a bite at one spot is more
fatal than at another ; for although the larva usually attacks the
head of the snail, it wounds it in other parts also with similar
results. But if the snail is very large, instinct prompts the glow-
worm to bite it two or three times at the foot, before venturing to
strike it on the head.

That even when the snail is twice pierced through its head with
a needle near the cerebral ganglion, or through its body, but little
effect is produced, though when this same snail was bitten by the
larva it was dead in two hours.

That when two small snails about the size of grapes were em-
ployed, one being pierced through and through with a needle, and
the other not so injured, but bitten once only by a large larva, both
snails immediately retired into their shells ; and that whilst the
bitten one never came forth again and was nearly dead at the end
of two hours, the other snail was alive and apparently well 'on the
following day.

I noticed also that, although a snail may be bitten once by a
small larva and not appear at the time to have been much injured,
yet it frequently dies after some hours. This fact still further tends
to support the view that some poison is injected, or some serious
derangement of the vitality of the snail is occasioned at the time of
inflicting the wound, and to confirm it in a negative way by the
fact, that if the larva be allowed to exhaust its force, of whatever
nature this may be, by repeatedly biting a snail, and then be em-
ployed to wound a very much less snail, the effect it produces is
far less marked than if it had not previously bitten any.

"What is the nature of this influence ? Can it at all resemble
that of the shock of the electric eel or of the torpedo, both of
which we know become exhausted by the repeated use of their
power ; or can it resemble that of the ray or stinging skate, which
is believed to inject a poison with its sting ?

But although the effect is fatal to a small snail, even when the
larva has previously exhausted its force, it is yet exceedingly
slight in the latter case, when the creature is allowed to strike a
large snail. On one occasion I employed a full-grown larva which
had been used before, to attack a full-grown Helix that was as

Or THE GLOWWORM (lAMPYRIS NOCTILTTCa) . 61

large as a walnut : the larva struck it repeatedly without killing
it. I saw the creature wound the snail at least from thirty to
forty times. On the following day the snail was living and able
to crawl, but was so much injured that it was unable to balance
its shell, and moved along with it tilted on one side. Its progres-
sion also was impeded, for it moved very slowly, and kept its feelers
depressed, and nearly close to the table over which it was crawling,
as if looking out to avoid danger, moving one horn on one side
and then the other on the opposite. This was twenty-four hours
after it had been injured. I next put a very healthy full-sized
larva to attack it. At first the snail did not appear to recognize
the danger, and actually crawled over the back of its enemy ; but
very soon its danger seemed to become known. It appeared to
recognize its foe, and continued to crawl round him in a circle,
even when placed in a straight line before the larva, as if to avoid
the danger. The larva soon bit it on the head, and the snail drew
back, but not into its shell ; a second wound was then made in the
foot. On examining the wound with a lens, after each bite, I
observed some dark-coloured sanious fluid upon it, such as I have
seen flowing from the mouth of the larva.

From what I have above stated, it will be seen that it is by no
means a common occurrence for the larva to allow itself to be
drawn by the snail into the shell, since it usually attempts to
retain firm hold, by means of its prolegs, of whatever it may be
moving over, before striking its prey ; but it is occasionally drawn
into the shell when it attacks large individuals. I saw one larva
bite a large snail fiercely in the head while the snail was crawling,
and as the wounded animal instantly withdrew itself before the
glowworm could detach itself, the latter was drawn more than
half its length into the snail's shell, and had its head and body
compressed by that of the snail. This position, as appeared from
the struggles and rotation of the body of the larva in attempting
to relieve itself, was by no means agreeable ; and it came forth
covered with slime, and apparently not disposed to return very soon
to the attack. On another occasion, when the snail, unconscious
at first of the presence of its enemy, slowly crawled over it, and
covered its whole body with slime, the insect withdrew, and did not
return to the attack until it had rid itself of its filthy covering.

The Voracity oftlie Larva.

The voracity of the larva of the glowworm is extreme. "When
they are only about half-grown, they will attack fiercely any new

62 ME. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

victim that may chance to be crawling near them, even though
they may have fed plentifully on their prey but a few minutes
before. Having killed a snail, they seldom leave it, except for a
few minutes, until the whole of the body is devoured. They will
remain for many hours with their heads buried in the body of the
snail, gorging to the utmost, and plunging their small heads and
erected mandibles into its viscera, which they continue to pierce
and exhaust until all the juices of the body are drained. I have
sometimes seen four or five larvse crouched one upon the other, in
a snail-shell, feasting and gorging upon their prey. In this latter
respect they somewhat resemble in habit, as they do in general
appearance and colour, the voracious larva of the Lady-bird {Coc-
cinella) which preys upon Aphides. The glowworm larvae will
pertinaciously continue to attack and devour the snails until they
are so completely gorged, that they can move but with difficulty,
and yet at the expiration of half, and sometimes even but a
quarter of an hour, during which they are motionless, as in sleep,
or as if fatigued, they will return to their feast as voraciously as
before.

Cleanliness of the Larva.

Although the larva manifests such an avidity for food, and con-
tinues to gorge itself so long and so pertinaciously, with its head
thrust into the snail, and its body buried in the shell amidst the
decomposing corporeal elements, it is nevertheless* very diligent to
cleanse itself of the slime. M. Maille (loc. cit.) first mentioned
this circumstance, and pointed out the organs which it uses for
that purpose. Degeer, however, long ago referred to the structure,
but did not observe its use.

After the larva has finished its repast, it leaves the snail, as I
have seen, retreats a short distance beneath the roots of grass, and
begins to cleanse itself from the adherent slime. This process is
effected, as mentioned by Maille, by means of the anal prolegs,
protruded from the thirteenth segment, which I shall more parti-
cularly describe hereafter. With this apparatus, which the author
referred to says is " une espece de houppe nerveuse composee de
7 ou 8 rayons blancs" (Bulletin des Sciences Nat. p. 297), but
which consists in reality of a number of fleshy radiations, mus-
cular, not nervous, and capable of being greatly elongated, the
larva grasps its mandibles, and wipes them and every part of its
body to which any slime adheres, using its organ in the manner of
a sponge or tail to wipe away the offensive matter. When the

or THE glowworm (lampybis noctiluca). 63

slime has become adherent to the body and is partially dried, the
creature seems to have the power of detaching it, by curling the
posterior part of the body round in every direction, and using the
apparatus in the manner of a hand or claw for that purpose.

The Luminosity of the Larva.

The luminosity exists at the very moment that the embryo is
escaping from the egg-shell and amnion. At that time a faint light
is given out from the ventral surface of the anal segment of the
being that is starting into active existence. I have repeatedly seen
light emitted from those parts on each side of the twelfth segment,
when the little creature has but the minute before been liberated,
and is still a feeble creeping body of a pale straw colour, and not
one line in length. Macaire also mentions the fact (Journal de
Physique, July 1821, torn, xciii.) of having seen the light in larvaB
that had just quitted the egg, and were of the size mentioned above.
I have found the light given out most vividly when the little body
has been suddenly disturbed or slightly compressed.

I have noticed the light at this early period in all my specimens
reared in the closed glass tube, as well as in those produced from
eggs still attached to a tuft of grass-roots in the soil. Even at
this early period I have found that the little insect may be induced
to give out its light more brightly than usual, when it is placed in
a tin box, and agitated slightly by shaking this in a dark room.
The light then emitted resembles two very minute brilliant points,
the brightness of which is constantly varying and twinkling, like
stars of the smallest magnitude in the heavens.

It is thus evident that the same influence that occasions the
perfect glowworm to shine with increased brightness, operates
equally in the very young larva. And as the light is given out by
the larva from its birth, there is reason to think that the luminosity
of the egg, at the later period of development of the embryo, is
not due to any luminous property of the yelk-tissue, but to the
special light-giving organs of the embryo.

But although light has been observed at this early period of the
larva only by Macaire and myself, it has been long known that the
larva, at a later period of growth, emits light. This was noticed
by Swammerdam (Bibl. Nat. p. 124), and afterwards by Degeer
(Mem. de l'Acad. des Scien. Paris, torn. ii. p. 261), and since by
Schmidt, Macaire and Todd ; and Burmeister has shown that the
larva of L. splendidula is also luminous.

64 ME. NEWPOET ON THE NATTJEAL HISTOEY

I have found the light of the larva of Lampyris noctiluca to
proceed from two little lobes on the ventral surface of the twelfth
segment, which are the only parts that transmit light in this
larva. The light, when the larva is nearly full-grown and full-fed,
in good health, and placed in a warm atmosphere, is at times
almost as brilliant for a few seconds as that emitted by the perfect
insect. But it is of short duration, and its degree of intensity is
not sustained; besides which, it is of a greener colour, and is
given out only when the insect is in motion : even then the light
is emitted only in flashes or scintillations. This fact, however, is
of some interest with reference to the nature of the light itself, its
emission being hardly referable to a phosphorescent property of
secreted fluid, but more probably to discharges of vital force
through nervous function.

In support of this view, it may be said, that when the young
larvae are violently shaken and driven against the sides of a box,
they emit their light more brilliantly; and that the full-grown
larva, under such circumstances, gives out its light for a short
time almost as brilliantly as the perfect insect. The larva seems,
like the perfect insect, to have some control over its light, or at
all events to become excited to emit it under certain circumstances.
Thus, I have noticed that when the larvae had been exposed for a
short time to artificial light, they did not shine, or but very feebly ;
but when the light was suddenly removed, they at first gave out
not a single gleam of light, though in four or five minutes after-
wards one or two began to shine ; and when they had remained
undisturbed in darkness from a quarter to half an hour, most of
them were shining.

I have found that the larvae shine during the whole night when
undisturbed. I placed a collection of larvae which had fed vora-
ciously during the day, in a glass phial, which was placed on a table
by my bedside on a dark night; and being awake during the
greater part of the night, I observed them shining at twelve, at
one, at two, at three, at four, and even so late as at five o'clock,
but always far less brightly than the imago. The creature thus
appears to have some control over the emission of its light in a
state of rest, for I have seen them shining when undisturbed
during the whole of the night. On the other hand, when they have
been exposed to light, either artificial or that of the sun, it was
found, when the illuminating influence was suddenly removed, that
they had ceased to shine ; but after remaining in darkness for a
few minutes, they gave out their light again, and continued to do

OF THE GLOWWORM (LAMPYRIS NOCTILUOa). 65

so steadily until disturbed or again exposed to light, when they
ceased to shine, becoming luminous again after a short interval,
when the light was again removed.

Another circumstance also which influences their shining is
deficiency of food. It is only when well-fed that they give out
light more brightly ; for if deprived of food, the light is then very
feeble.

All these circumstances tend to show that the light is greatly
influenced by physical causes, and that those physical causes which
operate generally on the body, or health, or vital force of the
animal itself, as food, motion, heat, are precisely those which
affect the production of light.

The Growth and Hybernation of the Larva.

It constantly happens with insects as with other animals, that
when many individuals, constituting one brood, are hatched at
very nearly or exactly the same time, some of them grow more
rapidly and arrive at their completion much earlier than others.
This is precisely the case with the larvae of the glowworm. Owing
to this circumstance, some individuals undergo their changes more
rapidly, and attain to their imago state sooner than others, but
having reached that stage and performed the great intent of their
being, their life is rarely if ever prolonged beyond that of their
fellows in a similar state of existence.

This difference in the rapidity of the growth appears to depend
on physical causes, as for instance the more complete development
of the constituents, and the subsequent more complete impreg-
nation of the ova from which these precocious growths are pro-
duced ; the greater amount of nourishment which the young have
taken during corresponding periods of time ; and generally the
circumstances in which the whole brood have been placed in
regard to light, heat, air, locality, and quality of food. I have
usually observed that the larger beings came first from the egg,
and appeared more robust and healthy than those subsequently
produced ; further, that a difference of but a very few hours in the
earlier hatching of these individuals is followed by a much greater
difference than can be accounted for merely by the length of time
between the birth and the first and subsequent changes which the
several individuals undergo.

Another circumstance of very great importance, since it is
applicable to all beings, is, that the facts first noticed being taken

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 5

66 ME. NEWPOET ON THE NATTJEAL HISTOET

into consideration, those become the most healthy and most ma-
tured individuals to which food in full abundance is supplied
during the earlier periods of existence. Improper food, or food
in too restricted quantity at this period, more affects the rapidity
and extent of growth during the subsequent periods of the life of
this insect, and probably also of other animals, than deficiency of
proper nourishment at any farther advanced stage. Not only are
the changes of the animal retarded by this deficiency, but its full
development is rarely if ever attained. I may mention, in support
of this statement, that there was a difference in the period at which
the eggs of the glowworm, placed in the glass tube as I have men-
tioned, were deposited, of only ninety-one hours, namely from
three p.m. June 22nd to ten a.m. June 26th ; but there was a
difference in the hatching of the larvae from these very eggs of
nearly eight days, or more than one hundred and ninety hours,
namely from the morning of August 7th to that of the 15th of
the same month, although during the whole period of six weeks'
incubation, all the circumstances under which the whole of these
eggs were placed were exactly the same. I have constantly noticed
like circumstances in the development of other insects, the For-
ficulce, Meloe, and others, and regard the facts stated as of general
application in development.

These facts may help to explain what otherwise might seem to
be the result of imperfect observation, viz. that the larvse of ihe
same brood of glowworms do not all undergo their changes at the
same time, or even attain their maturity in the same year, although
developed from the egg in the same season. For instance, the
most advanced individuals of those reared in the tube, underwent
their first chcmge on the nineteenth day, and the second also in the
same length of time, nineteen days', but others had not then
entered on their first. This was on the 15th of September. Some
individuals of other broods obtained from their native haunts, I
found had undergone this change as early as the 1st of that month.

The very earliest periods of development of the glowworm are
thus of considerable length, and exceed that of the majority of
insects. The Sphinx larva undergoes its first two changes, if at
the same season of the year and at nearly the same temperature of
the atmosphere, within thirteen days, those of the glowworm being
thirty-eight (Phil. Trans. 1837, p. 315). But in proportion as the
temperature of the season diminishes, so is the length of time which
the larva continues before changing increased, the amount of food
supplied, heat, and other circumstances being the same. Eut inde-

OF THE GLOWWORM (LAHPYRIS NOCTILUCA). 67

pendently of any diminution of temperature or supply of food to the
larva, the interval of time between each successive change is pro-
gressively increased ; and this occurs in the larvae of all insects,
and perhaps the young of all animals. So that at last a very long
period may elapse between the young glowworm's penultimate
change of skin, and that by which its larva or simple period of
growth is terminated, by its assuming the quiescent state of a
nymph ; and if any yet earlier changes are retarded, either through
late development from the ovum or insufficient supply of food, or
through the influence of external physical causes, its growth is
arrested, and the animal does not complete its development as a
larva until the following summer. Thus the changes of the being
are influenced by physical causes, and subject to physical laws.

It is only by reference to these circumstances that we are
enabled to understand how the glowworm occasionally passes more
than an entire year without undergoing its metamorphosis to the
perfect state, seeing that this its latter stage is always attained in
the month of June and July in this country. Yet the concurrent
observations of naturalists have shown that this is the case.
Bogerson noticed that it may be a year and nine months before it
becomes a perfect larva ; and I have certainly found this to be the
case in some under my own observation. As my specimens were
numerous, I was enabled to observe their habits during the winter
and their change to the perfect state ; but as I had by accident
lost most of the brood I had reared, and watched to their second
change, my observations were made on others supplied to me at
the end of September from their natural haunts. I preserved
them in an earthen vessel partly filled with mould and a turf of
grass, and secured at the top with gauze. An abundance of
Helices were supplied to them, and some of the larvae seemed
almost never to desist from feeding. I put with these the only
four remaining specimens of the brood I had reared. The whole
continued to gorge to repletion during the first part of October,
and gave out light freely when touched, or in any way compressed.
The temperature of the room in which they were kept was at this
time ranging from 50° to 55° Fahr.

In the evening of the 18th of October, when the temperature of
the room was 50° Eahr., the larvae were still active and feeding ;
they were very healthy, and some of them were shining — one very
brightly.

On the 25th of November I found them still feeding, but the

largest were less active in their movements ; they seemed to be in

5*

68 MB. NEWPORT ON THE NATURAL HISTORY

quest of moisture, and most of the food was consumed. On adding
water to the soil, they began immediately to sip the fluid. Others
were at rest in a state of partial torpor in the emptied shells of
some of the snails which they had devoured. They seem to use
these shells as their hybernacula, taking food at intervals and then
relapsing into a state of repose. One or two, however, were partly
buried in the earth. The temperature of the room in which they
were kept at this time usually ranged from 40° to 50° Fahr. On
one occasion at the end of August and beginning of September, I
found the larvae pass under the turf among the roots of grass, and
desist from feeding : this occurred with specimens which but a few
days before attacked the snails most pertinaciously and voraciously.
The temperature of the season was then from 65° to 70° Fahr.

On the 30th of November, the temperature of the room having
been a little increased during the last few days, the larva? were
again feeding as eagerly as before, and several of them now ap-
peared to be very fat. Still however they sought food, but moved
more slowly than heretofore.

On the 13th of December, the temperature of the room being
then 51° Fahr., the larvae were still in a state of hybernation : when
touched they moved their bodies slightly, but did not attempt to
escape. Even in this state however they still gave out light, the
brightness of which was increased at the moment they were
touched.

On the 22nd of December, the temperature of the room during
the preceding night having been stationary at 35° Fahr., and at
the time of the observation only 36° Fahr., they were still hyber-
nating, and lay with the body contracted and the head partially
drawn beneath the thorax : when touched lightly, they still moved
the body. Some of them were reposing in the empty snail-shells.
I had now an opportunity of observing that, in a dry atmosphere,
even at this low temperature, they still continued to give out light ;
for when they were touched and turned on their backs, they not
only gave out light, but that with greater brightness. A low
temperature of the atmosphere therefore does not necessarily
arrest their luminosity y and this fact seems to favour the view
that the light is the result of a vital property, of the nature perhaps
of the electric discharge of fishes, rather than of phosphorescence
or chemical action.

On the 25th of December, when the temperature was 48° Fahr.,
they still remained hybernating.

On the 30th of December, on taking them into an atmosphere

OF THE GLOWWORM (lAMPYRIS NOCTILUCA). 69

of 60° Fahr. for a short time, they became aroused, gave out light,
and moved about apparently in search of food.

On the 6th of January, when the temperature of the room had
remained for a day or two at only 33° Fahr., that of the external
atmosphere being then 28° Fahr., my larvae were again in a state
of hybernation, and when disturbed still gave out a faint light,
but when undisturbed no light was perceptible : this I think still
further confirms the view I have advanced, as at this low tem-
perature the respiration of the insect was almost completely sus-
pended. The part from which the light was given out was the
two spots on the penultimate or twelfth segment.

On the 2nd of February, at a temperature of 45° Fahr., I found
the specimens aroused, and apparently disposed to feed: some
food was supplied to them, and they commenced feeding, but less
eagerly than in the autumn.

From this time, during the months of March and April, they
were supplied with food: many of them died; several, however,
still remained to undergo their changes to the perfect state.

On the 28th of May, the temperature being 70° Fahr., my
specimens were still feeding, and continued to do so until the
9th of June, a few days before which they ceased to take nourish-
ment and became more inactive.

Change of Tegument of the Larva.

I have not been able to ascertain with precision the number of
times the larva changes its tegument before arriving at its full
size. I believe, however, there are four changes. The mode in
which this is performed differs from that of many other larvae, as
it has been correctly described by some observers.

I have several times witnessed the operation. It is effected
by a lateral fissure on each side of the prothorax and mesothorax,
extending forwards to the neck behind the head, so that the whole
may be elevated like the lid of a box, out of which the larva first
presses its thoracic segments, and then withdraws its head and the
organs of sense, and the legs, slipping backwards the skin to the
extremity of its body.

At the time of the larva leaving the»skin it is perfectly white
and colourless, delicate and easily injured, and when disturbed
or touched gives out its light more vividly. Immediately the
tegument has been cast, the larva coils itself up in a circle, and
seems forcibly to extend all the segments of its body, protruding

70 ME. NEWPOET ON THE NATUEAL HISTOEY

its head and neck to their fullest extent, as well as its anal
appendage. Although the creature is so courageous at other
times, it is now very timid and takes no food for several hours :
indeed it will not venture near a snail to attack it, as if conscious
of its present weakness.

One specimen which changed at ten o'clock in the evening
became shining and active, and acquired its dark colour at the
expiration of twelve hours ; but it did not venture to take food for
several hours afterwards.

The Nymph.

On the morning of the 9th of June one of the larvse cast its
skin, and assumed the condition of a nymph. This specimen was
a female ; but a male specimen had already changed to the same
state only a few hours before. At mid-day, when the temperature
was 75*5° Fahr., a second female assumed the same condition ; and
on the evening of that day at six p.m., when the temperature was
77'5° Pahr., two others, one male and one female, also changed.
At ten p.m., the heat being still so high as 72° Eahr., I found the
whole of these giving out an abundance of light; the females,
although undisturbed, were exceedingly luminous, and the males
shone almost as brightly as the perfect insect in its state of greatest
activity.

It was quite evident that in the quiescent state of a nymph, the
emission of the light was not the result of any direct influence of
the will or instinct of the insect ; it was simply the result of the
vital forces of the body, the manifestation of which seemed to be
greatly augmented by the very high degree of temperature of the
atmosphere. It was interesting also to notice that the whole of
the specimens, three females and two males, underwent their
change on the same day, in which the weather became much
warmer than for some days previously. The light emitted by
these insects was apparently in a ratio corresponding to the in-
crease of heat ; the rapid increase of the temperature operated
nearly equally upon the whole in inducing their transformation to
the nymph state, within a few hours of each other ; and, as we
shall afterwards learn, the^same external force equally accelerated
their development when they had assumed this condition.

The mode in which the change to the nymph state is effected is
precisely that of the shifting of the skin by the larva ; but the
result of the change is different, in consequence of the operation of

OF THE OLOWWOEM (LAMPYEIS NOCTILUCA). 71

laws of organization, which I shall attempt to explain in connexion
with the anatomy of the insect.

The form which the insect assumes as a nymph is that of a
semicircular body.

The Imago.

On the 16th of June, the temperature of the atmosphere being
then 73° Eahr., and it having been likewise at nearly the same
height during some preceding days, the three female specimens
threw off their nymph covering and assumed the Imago state:
their change was thus completed at this high temperature in seven
days, — a very marked instance of the influence of increased heat
in accelerating the metamorphosis. M. Maille found that his
insects -passed fifteen dags as the interval between the larval and
perfect state, namely seven days of quietude in assuming the form
of nymph, and eight full days in the nymph state (Bull, des Sc.
Nat. viii. 297). But some specimens which I reared from the
larvae in the summer preceding this, left the larva state about the
25th of May, and at a much lower temperature of the atmosphere
than those now observed.

The pupa-covering is exceedingly thin and delicate ; and not
only during the pupa state, but immediately when they became
perfect insects, my specimens shone very brightly. The tegu-
ment thrown off by the larva on becoming a pupa is solid and of a
dark colour, but that of the pupa, shed on assuming the imago
state, is almost colourless, and very thin and transparent.

The two male specimens, which assumed the nymph state at
the same time as the females, did not reach the imago condition
until the night of the 20th of June, and were thus eleven dags in
the state of nymphs, so that the females appear to become perfect
much earlier than the males. This fact is of importance with
regard both to the natural history and the relative anatomical
development of the two sexes. The female undergoes but little
change in her anatomy, and continues in a semilarval condition ;
consequently she is most early fitted for leaving the puparium,
and is ready to receive the male, whose life is very limited.

Erom the individuals thus produced, I may simply state that
I succeeded in again observing the deposition of eggs and the
hatching of larvae.

We are now prepared, by the consideration of the natural
history, to proceed to the description of the anatomy of the
glowworm, which will form the subject of a future paper.

72 DB. VINEN ON CYNIPS QUEECTJS-PETIOLI.

On the Quantity of Tannin in the Galls of Oynips Quercus-petioli.
By Edward Habt Vinen, Esq., M.D., J\L.S. &c.

[Read February 19th, 1856.]

Much interest has been excited by the frequent occurrence in this
country of the galls of Cynips Quercus-petioli, and they appear,
from a recent communication in the * Gardeners' Chronicle,' to
have increased to such an extent during the past season, as to do
vast mischief to the trees infested by them, rendering them unpro-
ductive of acorns, and even threatening their entire destruction.

In a recent conversation with Mr. Westwood on this subject,
he informed me that these galls had been used in Devonshire for
the purpose of making ink, and at the same time suggested that
it would be desirable to know whether they contained sufficient
tannin to render them useful substitutes for the ordinary galls of
commerce. At his request I undertook to ascertain this, and
thought the result might be sufficiently interesting to communi-
cate to the Society: the following is the result of my examination.
By macerating 100 grains of Devonshire galls in aether and water,
a residue was obtained weighing 26*74 grains : this contained 17
grains, or about two-thirds, of tannic and gallic acids. In order
to estimate the comparative value of these galls with those of
commerce, 100 grains of best Aleppo galls were submitted to the
same treatment with aether and water. The residue weighed 58*50
grains, containing 56 grains of tannic and gallic acids. Of the
superiority of the foreign galls there can of course be no doubt ;
but in comparing the results of these two analyses, it is necessary
to observe, that the Aleppo galls operated on were very heavy
specimens of the best kind of galls of commerce, and that they
had not been perforated by the Cynips, while the Devonshire galls
had all been perforated, and therefore contained a much smaller
proportion of tannin than would have been the case if they had
been examined at an earlier period.

If we compare the published analyses of nutgalls, considerable
difference will be found in the quantity of tannin obtained by
different chemists. The following are the principal : —

Sir Humphry Davy found . . 26 per cent, of "tannin."

Pelouze 40

Leconnel. . 60

Guibourt 65

Mohr 72

Buchner 77

MR. NEWMAN ON LEPIDOSIREN ANNECTENS. 73

However widely these results may vary, they are entitled to
every credit; and high as are those of the two last-mentioned
chemists, their well-known accuracy will ensure entire confidence
in their statements. I am inclined to think that these great dis-
crepancies are owing to accidental causes, among which the
variable nature of the seasons, which influences so much the quan-
tity and intensity of all vegetable secretions, may be a principal
one. "With the small amount of tannin found in the Devonshire
galls I must confess myself much disappointed ; but I hope in the
ensuing summer to procure some of them at an earlier period, and
before they have been perforated by the Cynips. I have no doubt
that they would then be found to contain enough tannin to justify
their being collected for commercial purposes ; and if they were
gathered at the proper season, before the Cynips has escaped, and
when the gall is in its most vigorous and valuable state, another
good result would follow. The insect would be prevented from
increasing to what seems to be a mischievous extent, and a check
would be put to the serious injury, if not entire destruction, with
which the oak plantations in some of our southern counties appear
to be threatened.

Note on Lepidosvren annectens, Owen. By Edward Newman,

Esq., E.L.S.

[Eead January 15th, 1856.]

[Abstract.]

Beferring to Prof. Owen's paper on Lepidosiren in the 18th
volume of the Society's "Transactions," the author states that
the conclusion at which that gentleman has arrived, that the
animal in question is a Eish, although controverted by some of our
best naturalists, appears to him to receive confirmation from one
or two points in its structure on which no great stress has hitherto
been laid. The first of these relates to the mode in which the
gill is covered, having only a single small external opening, in
which respect Lepidosiren makes a very near approach to Murcena.
Secondly, the two peculiar anterior teeth in the upper jaw so
closely resemble those of some Eishes, that the vignette represent-
ing these teeth in Echiodon Drummondii, given in Mr. Yarrell's
"History of British Eishes," might serve as well for the front
teeth of Lepidosiren. Thirdly, the continuous dorsal, caudal and
anal fin, and the absence of pectorals and ventrals, are common

74 MR. WESTWOOD ON A NEW SPECIES OF PAUSSTJS

characters among Murcenidce. And fourthly, the true Fish-scales,
together with the lateral line extending from the gill to the ex-
tremity of the tail, are characters peculiar to Fishes, and not to
be found among Amphibian Reptiles. Assuming then that Lepi-
dosiren is unquestionably a Fish, and not either a Reptile or an
osculant between Fishes and Reptiles, Mr. Newman regards it as
completely obliterating the boundary set up by Cuvier between
the two great subclasses of Fishes, the Osseous and the Cartilagi-
nous. In support of this opinion he quotes several passages from
Prof. Owen's paper, and concludes by stating his conviction that
it is "equally impossible to place it in either the Cartilaginous or
Osseous series ; and we are compelled either to establish an inter-
mediate series, consisting of but three species or perhaps genera,
or to break up those great divisions, which have received the
almost universal approbation of naturalists. The first course
seems most undesirable in an age in which we are exerting our-
selves to find associates and allies for every abnormal form, how-
ever apparently isolated. The alternative, the mingling of carti-
laginous and osseous fishes, seems inevitable."

Description of a New Species of Paussus from Central "Western
Africa. By J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

[Bead February 19th, 1856.]

During the twenty-six years which have elapsed since the publi-
cation of my first Monograph on the family Paussidce in the 16th
volume of the " Transactions of the Linnean Society," our know-
ledge of the species of this singular group has increased in a
remarkable manner, as we are now acquainted with nearly a
hundred well-defined species. Indeed, even since the appearance
of the synopsis of the family which I published in the 19th volume
of the " Transactions" in 1841, the number (which then amounted
to 47) has been doubled. A considerable number of these new
species were described and figured in the 2nd volume of my "Arcana
Entomologica " (1845), together with coloured figures of all the
previously described species. Seventeen new species were described
by me in the "Proceedings" of the Linnean Society, June 19,
1849. A new species from Tangier (subsequently found also in
Spain) was described by M. Leon Fairmaire in the " Annales " of
the French Entomological Society for 1852. Six additional spe-
cies with a fresh general synopsis (recording eighty-five species)

FROM CENTRAL WESTERN AFRICA. 75

were published by me in the " Transactions of the Entomological
Society" (vol. ii. p. 84), read August 2nd, 1852, and/our additional
species were added by me in the "Transactions" of the same
Society (vol. iii.), read July 3rd, 1854. I have now the pleasure
of adding another new species of the genus JPaussus, very remark-
able in several of its structural details, and which belongs to the
African section of the genus with a bipartite prothorax and an
excavated clava to the antennae.

Paitsstjs Murrait, Westw.

P. prothorace bipartito clavaque antennarum postice excavata ; piceo-rufus,
sub lente creberrime punctatus, capite inter oculos transverse eleyato et in
medio fossulis duabus minimis transversis impresso, angulis posticis parte- v
que postica prothoracis extus porrectis et fere latitudine elytrorum, podiee
setis longis marginato.

Long. corp. 3 lin.

Hab. " Old Calabar," Africse tropicse occidentalis. In mus. nostro. Ami-
cissime communicavit D. Audr. Murray, Entomologus Edinensis peri-
tissimus.

This species is distinguished at once from every species hitherto
described in the peculiar form of the clava of the antennae and
prothorax. The upper side of the head is sloping and slightly
concave from between the eyes to the fore margin, which is
slightly emarginate and a little depressed. Between the eyes the
head is raised into a transverse ridge, in the middle of which are
two very minute impressions placed transversely with raised
black edges : the hinder margin of the eyes is furnished with some
porrected bristles : the antennae have a thick and somewhat pris-
matical basal joint, and the clava is large, being about equal in size
to the prothorax ; it is navicular, the front margin or keel being
acute, with three deep transverse impressions within the margin.
The inner basal edge is very deeply incised close to the insertion
of the clava upon the basal joint, the remainder of this margin
forming a long and acute angle, the outer edge of which extends
to the base of the deep boat-like excavation; the upper edge of
this excavation is very slightly crenated ; the lower edge on the
contrary is more irregular, being deeply emarginate at its base,
the emargination clothed with strong bristles, and oblique from
the middle to the apex of the antennae, which is rounded ; within
the posterior margin the excavation is marked with four deep
transverse impressions ; the hind part of the head is narrowed
into a neck. The prothorax is strongly bipartite; the anterior
portion is the shorter, having a sharp ridge running across it, with

76 MB. YABBELL ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE SEXUAL OBGAN

each side produced into a strong and acute angle. In the centre
of the pronotum is a deep excavation, with a tuft of luteous setae
on each side : the hinder portion has its sides gradually dilated
outwards, forming a strong salient tooth or spine on each side,
pointing to the outer angle of the shoulder of the elytra ; the
space between the point of this spine and the outer posterior
angles of the prothorax being emarginate, and furnished with a
strong tuft of luteous setae. The elytra are oblong, and with the
sides nearly parallel. The disk, and especially the lateral margins,
clothed with luteous setae. The podex is oblique, flat, with the
outer margin slightly raised, and fringed with long strong reddish
curved bristles. The legs are slender ; the tibiae compressed, but
not dilated ; the tarsi distinctly 5-jointed, the basal joint being
as large as the following.

The species is named in honour of Andrew Murray, Esq., of
Edinburgh, whose knowledge of Coleoptera is evinced by the
excellent Catalogue of the Scottish species recently published by
him, as well as by his entomological contribution to the fine
volume on the " Natural History of Dee Side " by the late
Dr. MacGillivray, recently published by command of Her Ma-
jesty, and so liberally distributed by the Prince Consort. Two
specimens of the species before us were received by Mr. Murray
from Old Calabar, and it is to his liberality that I am indebted
for one of them.

On the Influence of the Sexual Organ in Modifying External
Character. By "William Yabbell, Esq., V.P.L.S. &c.

[Bead March 18th, 1856.]

Haying been requested to supply some notes to the Appendix
on the subject of Bed Deer, published in the handsome volume
of the "Natural History of Dee Side and Balmoral," of which
I have had the honour to receive a presentation-copy from
H.B.H. Prince Albert, I regret that my opportunities of obser-
vation on the Bed Deer have been so limited ; but as the same
physiological laws appear to prevail in the three species of Deer
which belong to this country, I beg to offer a few remarks on the
influence of the sexual organ in modifying external character ; the
horns in Deer furnishing the most obvious external secondary
sexual character in this tribe of animals.

IN MODIFYING EXTEBNAL CHABACTEB. 77

In the volume referred to, it is stated at page 462 : " That the
production of the horns is dependent upon conditions connected
with the sexual function, is proved by the fact, that they are not
produced in castrated stags." At page 470 Mr. Eobertson states
that, " If the operation is imperfectly performed at the time that
the stag is void of horns, small horns will grow ; but these are
never cast, and the velvet which always covers them when they
are growing, retains its freshness to the last." Mr. Eobertson
has the reputation of being good authority, and I have reason to
believe that he is correct. When a stag carrying horns is
castrated, the operation being perfectly performed, the horns are
cast, sometimes as early as the fifth day, and generally within
three or four weeks. Very soon after that, the young horns begin
to bud and show, whether the stag at the time of castration
carried horns or not. The horns increase in size, but are
frequently irregular in form, unequal on the two sides, and
deficient in bulk and character for the age of the animal. Males
in this state are usually called Heavers, or Heaviers, a term
apparently intended to have reference to the greater size and
weight of body such stags attain ; but Pennant in his " British
Zoology," under the article on the Groat, says, "that the meat of
a castrated goat of six or seven years (which is called Hyfr) is
reckoned the best; being generally very sweet and fat. This
makes an excellent pasty, goes under the name of rock venison,
and is little inferior to that of the deer." The Anglo-Saxon word
for a he-goat is Haefer.

The author of the " Sportsman's Cabinet," published in 1804,
states in volume ii. page 61, " that Heaviers are experimentally
proved to be of great strength, and afford good sport before
hounds, for which reason the Eoyal hunting establishment of His
Majesty George III. was never without a regular succession.
The perfect males, after their rutting season, are out of condition
for hunting.

" Among the Laplanders the males only of their rein-deer are
used as beasts of burden and draught, and chiefly those which are
castrated, as they are the strongest." — GL P. Blom's Essay. •

To return to the castrated red deer : I remember to have seen
a large red stag which had been hunted and caught in one of the
outbuildings of a farmer's stack-yard in Berkshire. The horns
were unequal in size, both being straight portions of the beam
only; one about six inches long, the other about double that
length, and both in their velvet. On the beam of greater length

78 MR. YARRELL ON THE INFLUENCE OE TIIE SEXUAL ORGAN

was a rounded bulbous excrescence, upon which blood appeared at
the slightest injury.

At the Zoological Gardens some years since, a female rein-deer
died while her horns were growing and in the velvet. "When the
skin had been taken off, I went up to look at the state of the
carcase. The shoulders and the whole of the neck were of a
bright scarlet colour, from the strong determination of arterial
blood to the head at that particular period.

Inequalities in the size and form of the two horns of the same
deer may be accounted for, as an injury from a gun-shot wound,
or other cause, may affect the horn on one side only by inter-
fering with the natural size or course of the arteries.

When the horns of deer have completed their growth, the
blood-vessels are compressed at the burr, and the velvet-like
covering then begins to dry up, crack, and peel off; the deer by
his fraying assisting to get rid of it.

Colonel Charles Hamilton Smith, in the article on Mammalia
in Griffith's "Animal Kingdom," vol. iv. p. 93, says, "Hinds are
asserted to have been found with horns, but no well-authenticated
fact places this beyond a doubt."

In the Appendix to the "Dee Side Natural History," on the
red deer of Scotland, p. 472, it is stated, that in no one instance
does it appear that the hind of the red deer was ever observed to
have horns. To this, however, there are exceptions, apparently
the operation of a physiological law. John Hunter, in his " Ob-
servations on Animal (Economy," states, that where the male and
female among animals are distinguished by a difference in their
external characters, by depriving either sex of the influence of the
true sexual organ, they will seem to approach each other in out-
ward appearance.

Some years since, a red hind, in the forest of the Duke of Gordon
in Scotland, was observed to carry a single horn on one side of
her head, — such a horn as the red male bears in his third year.
As this appearance was unusual and interesting, a request was
made to be allowed to shoot her. Leave was immediately granted,
the hind was shot, and on internal examination by two com-
petent persons, she was found to have a scirrhous ovary on the
opposite side to that on which she bore the horn. The skull and
horn as attached are preserved in the armoury at Gordon Castle,
with a label appended detailing the particulars.

About four years ago, a red hind, in the park at Holkham, was
observed to carry one horn of some length. She was closely

IN MODIFYING EXTEENAL CHAEACTEB. 79

watched, and having cast this horn at the usual period, it was
secured and preserved. I have seen it very recently. It is
straight and upright, measuring thirteen inches from the burr to
the end ; about as thick as a man's fore-finger at its base above
the burr, but tapers gradually; brown in colour at the bottom,
whiter above, hard, smooth and polished towards the point, which
is sharp. To add to the interest in this case, this hind dropped a
calf; we may therefore suppose, the cornua and ovaries being
double, that one side was healthy and perfect, the other side
probably diseased.

About six years since, a red hind in the forest of the Lords of
Lovatt was observed to bear a horn, and of this instance I hope
to receive further particulars.

The writer in the " Sportsman's Cabinet" before referred to,
mentions, at p. 61, that a deer " being deprived of only one tes-
ticle, the horn will never regenerate on that side ; but continue
to grow and be annually shed on the other, where the remaining
testicle has not been taken away." This statement of a lateral
influence, and the case of the Gordon Forest hind, induced an
experiment which I will endeavour to describe. In the autumn
of the year 1833, having the advantage of being on the Council of
the Zoological Society with Prof. Owen, I suggested to him an
experiment having reference to this sexual lateral influence. Mr.
Owen very kindly immediately joined me in it. We procured
two fallow-bucks, equal in size, and both in their fourth year
one, a dark-coloured buck of the breed considered to have been
brought originally from the North ; the other a buff-coloured one
from the South, and both carrying horns of equal size, and of the
fourth year.

From one of these fallow-bucks, while held on the ground, Mr.
Owen removed the testis of the right side, and from the other
buck, the testis on the left side. Neither of these bucks cast
either horn, nor was any lateral influence observable. They shed
their horns as usual in the following spring, the new horns coming
in due course ; but in the autumn, when these horns had ceased
to grow and become hard, all four horns were those of the third
year, and not those of the fifth year : no lateral influence was ob-
servable, but it was plainly shown that the diminished sexual power,
consequent upon the operation, had produced a corresponding
diminution in the size of the horns in both cases. Towards the
end of 1834, the Society's farm at Kingston, where the bucks had
been kept, was given up, and further observation prevented.

80 MR. YAERELL ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE SEXUAL ORGAN

The fallow-buck is at his best in his sixth, or at most in his
seventh year ; after which, though the carcase may increase, the
horns become smaller, and irregularly going back annually through
something like their former stages of increase, a very old buck
has from the state of his horns been mistaken for a young one.
In the osteological department of the Museum at Paris, there was,
and may be now, the skeleton of a female rein-deer in which the
horns were reduced to little more than a rudiment of the beam
and the brow-antler ; yet was this animal so old, that the molar
teeth were worn down to the edges of the alveolar cavities.

Park-keepers in large establishments, where much venison is
required, are in the habit of cutting 20, 30 or 40 bucks in the
spring, and giving them the summer run of the park, or better
still, in paddocks, while the grass remains nutritious, after which
they are taken up for stall-feeding and fattened as wanted. These
bucks never lose their velvet. Some park-keepers practise modi-
fications when cutting, producing corresponding differences and
effects. If a fawn is castrated at a very early age, and the earlier
the better, he will never put forth horns of any sort, but remain a
polled buck during life.

The roe is the smallest of our British deer, and being under the
influence of the same physiological laws, requires but a brief
notice.

The horns acquire but three points each at their best, and as
the roe-buck increases in years, his horns, like those of our other
deer, diminish in size and number of points, till they recede irre-
gularly to their early appearance in the third or second year.

Eoe-deer are preserved in some parks in England, as at Petworth
in Sussex, and elsewhere, and form a pleasing addition to the scene.
After having fed in the early morning, they, in fine weather, scrape
out a bed for themselves in long grass, and when approached jump
up in haste, and scud away like a hare from her form.

The males are said to be less friendly disposed towards their
young than the males of either of the other two species ; but with
the very common tendency, not confined to deer, to use power
where it is possessed, I suspect this tendency has its origin in the
state of the horns.

Boe-bucks shed their horns in December : the new horns, while
growing, are covered with their velvet, but become hard and
burnished by the end of April. The kids are dropped in May,
and may be occasionally exposed to a push of the then hard and
pointed horn.

IN MODIFYING EXTERNAL CHARACTER. 81

The horns of the red and fallow deer remain in their velvet till
August, and while they are in that soft and tender state, the
males never make an offensive use of them ; and long before they
are hard and burnished, the calves of the one, and the fawns of
the other, dropped about the first week in June, are strong and
nimble enough to get out of harm's way. This, however, is certain,
that the old females of all the three species take especial care to
conceal their young while they remain helpless.

The neutral effect produced when the animal happens to be
deprived of the influence of the true sexual organ, whether from
original malformation, subsequent disease, or artificial obliteration,
is particularly conspicuous in our common fowls. The capon ceases
to crow ; the comb and gills do not attain the size of those parts
in the perfect male ; the spurs appear, but remain short and
blunt ; and the hackle feathers of the neck and saddle, instead of
being long and narrow, are short and broadly webbed. The capon
will take to a clutch of chickens, attend them in their search for
food, and brood them under his wings when they are tired.

In the imperfect female the comb increases ; a short spur or
spurs appear ; the plumage undergoes an alteration, getting what
is usually called "foul-feathered;" she ceases to produce any
eggs, and makes an imperfect attempt to imitate the crow of the
cock. Being profitless in this state, she is usually made away
with. The proverb says,

" A whistling woman and a crowing hen
Are neither good for gods nor men."

Our neighbours and allies the French, who seem to take a wider
range in their prejudice against habits which they consider irre-
gular, have the following proverb, which says,

" Poule qui chante, Pretre qui danse,
Et Femme qui parle latin,
N'arrivent jamais a belle fin."

I have seen two instances in which females of the wild duck
have assumed to a considerable extent the appearance of the
plumage of the Mallard, even to the curled feathers of the tail.
One of these birds, in my own collection, was given me when alive
by my kind friend the late John Morgan, Esq. When this bird
was examined after death, the sexual organs were found to be
diseased, as in the cases of the hen pheasants referred to, and
figured in the 2nd volume of the " History of our British Birds."
In the published illustrations to his " Fauna of Scandinavia,"

LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 6

82 MR. walker's catalogue of iiomopterous insects

M. Nilsson has given a coloured figure of a duck in this state of
plumage, plate 163, which is called a barren female, and in which
the curled tail-feathers are made very conspicuous.

From the general similarity in these females to the appearance
assumed for a time by healthy males in July, I am disposed to
refer this seasonal change in males, in this and in other species
of ducks, to a temporary exhausted state of the male generative
organs, and their consequent diminished constitutional influence
on the plumage.

A male shut up by himself from early spring to the end of July
undergoes no change in his plumage ; but if he is allowed to
associate with females till their season of incubation commences,
he then goes through the change, and this appears to indicate the
cause of the partial summer moulting.

The appearance is somewhat different, but yet very interesting,
in Insects and Crustacea. In these classes the sexual organs are
double, and distinct, arranged one on each side of the elongated
mesial line. It sometimes happens that a species in which the
sexes are of a different colour, or markings, or form, has one
sexual organ of each sort, male and female, in which case each
half of the same insect is developed under the exclusive influence
of the sexual organ on its own side. Instances are preserved
among our collections of butterflies, moths, and beetles ; and I
have seen it twice in the common lobster.

JNor is the human race exempt from the operation of the law
which prevails in the Mammalia. In women, at an advanced age,
hair appears on the chin and upper lip, and the voice alters, be-
coming deep in its tone. The beard in old men becomes thin and
soft, and our own inimitable Shakspeare has told us,

. . . . " his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound."

Catalogue of the Homopterous Insects collected at Singapore and
Malacca by Mr. A. E. "Wallace, with Descriptions of New
Species. By Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read May 6th, 1856.]

To carry out the object I had in view, as explained in the note to
Mr. "Walker's paper on the Diptera of Singapore and Malacca,

COLLECTED AT SINOAPOKE AND MALACCA. 83

published in the first number of the " Journal of Proceedings," I
have induced the same author to undertake the following Catalogue
of Homopterous Insects from the same localities. The specimens
were procured during the six months commencing with May and
terminating with October, and are all in my collection.

W. Wilson Saukders.
3rd May, 1856.

Ord. CICADINA, Burmeister.

Earn. STEIDULANTIA, Burm.

G-en. Platypletjka, Amyot et Serv.

1. Platypleura semilucida, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 1. 20. 27.
Inhabits also Java.

Gen. Dttndubia, Amyot et Serv.

2. Dundubia imperatoria, Westw. Arc. Ent. ii. 13. pi. 51 (Cicada).
Inhabits also Borneo and Sumatra.

3. Dttndttbia GTTTTigeea, n. s. Testacea, capite supra vittis tribus angulosis,
antice annulo elliptico lineisque transversis lateralibus nigris, prothorace
vittis duabus dorsalibus subparallehs nigris, mesothoracis scutello vittis
quinque nigris, abdomine ferrugineo, alis vitreis; anticarum venis mar-
ginahbus apice venulisque transversis fusco-maculatis.

Testaceous. Head above with three angular black stripes, and in front with
a black elliptical ringlet, which has black transverse Hues on each side.
Prothorax with two black dorsal nearly parallel stripes. Scu^ellum of the
mesothorax with five black stripes, the inner pair abbreviated, the outer
pair interrupted. Drums small, rounded. Abdomen ferruginous. Wings
vitreous. Fore wings with a brown spot on each transverse veinlet and on
the tip of each marginal vein. Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings
34 lines.

4. Dundubia albigtttta, n. s. Viridis, ex parte testacea, capite supra lineis
duabus obliquis duabusque lateralibus transversis nigris, antice lineis non-
nuUis transversis lateralibus nigris, abdomine subtus tuberculis quatuor
nigris, alis vitreis ; anticis apice subfuscescentibus, gutta costali albida,
venulis transversis la et 2a fusco-maculatis.

Green, partly testaceous. Head with two black lines forming an angle in
front of the ocelli which are bordered with black ; a black line on each side
of the fore-border ; front with black transverse lines along most of the
ridges on each side. Drums small, rounded. Abdomen with two black
tubercles on each side beneath. Wings vitreous. Fore wings slightly
clouded with brown at the tips ; a whitish spot on the costa at the tip of
the front areolet; 1st and 2nd transverse veinlets with brown spots.
Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 32 lines.

6*

84 me. walkeb's catalogue or homoptekotjs insects

5. Dttndubia intemebata, n. s. Testacea, alis vitreis, costa fulva, venis
viridibus.

Testaceous. Drums small, triangular. Wings vitreous; costa tawny; veins
green ; 2nd marginal areolet a little shorter than the 1st ; 1st transverse
veinlet oblique, hardly curved, parted from the 2nd by full thrice its
length ; 2nd straight, more oblique and much shorter than the 1st ; 3rd
nearly straight, longer than the 1st ; 4th a little shorter than the 3rd and
as long as the 5th, from which it is parted by about thrice its length.
Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 34 lines.

G-en. Cicada, Linn.

6. Cicada yiegttncula, n. s. Viridis, capite parvo, abdominis basi supra et
segmentorum marginibus posticis luteis, alis vitreis, costa venisque viridibus.

Green. Head small. Drums very small. Abdomen luteous above at the
base ; hind borders of the segments luteous. Wings vitreous ; costa and
veins green; 2nd marginal areolet much shorter than the 1st ; 1st trans-
verse veinlet straight, very oblique, parted from the 2nd by about thrice
its length ; 2nd upright, nearly straight, much shorter than the 1st ; 3rd
almost straight, as long as the 1st ; 4th longer than the 3rd and as long as
the 5th, from which it is parted by much less than its length. Length of
the body 6£ lines ; of the wings 17 lines.

Gen. Htjechys, Amyot et Serv.

7. Huechys sanguinea, Beg. Ins. iii. 221. 18. pi. 33. f. 17 (Cicada).
Malacca. Inhabits also Java and China.

Fam. FULGOKINA, Burm.

Subfam. Fulgk)eell.e, Spinola.

Trib. FulGtOeites, Spinola.

Subtrib. Fulgoeoides, Spinola.

Gen. Hotintjs, Amyot et Serv.

8. Hotinus subocellatus, Ghierin ; Belessert, Souvenirs Voy. Inde> 66. pi. 16.
f. 1 ; Rev. Zool. 1839 (Fulgora).

Malacca. Inhabits also Nepaul.

Subtrib. Lysteoides, Spinola.
G-en. Aphaena, Guerin.

9. Aphaena rosea, Guerin, Voy. Belanger, Zool. 454. pi. 3. f. 3.
Malacca. Inhabits also Sumatra.

10. Aphaena Saundersii, White, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1846, xvii. 330.
Malacca. Inhabits also Hindostan and Borneo.

Subtrib. Dictyophoeoides, Spinola.

Gen. Dictyophoea, Oermar.

11. Dictyophoea speilinea, n. s. Viridis, capite lanceolato prasino carinis
tribus supr& unaque subtus luteis, prothorace carinis tribus prasinis dua-

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 85

busque luteis, mesothorace carinis tribus lateribusque ex parte prasinis,
tibiis anticis tarsisque anterioribus fulvis, alis limpidis, venis stigmateque
viridibus.

Green. Head emerald-green, with three luteous ridges above and one beneath ;
protuberance lanceolate, ascending, as long as the hind part of the head.
Prothorax with three emerald-green ridges, the lateral pair marginal and
accompanied by two luteous ridges. Mesothorax with three emerald-green
ridges ; sides partly emerald-green. Fore tibiae and anterior tarsi tawny.
Wings limpid ; veins and stigma green, the latter occupying three areolets.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Ceomna, n. g. 3£ f%*i £JL%f&i&*Jm*

Dictyophorce affinis. Caput supra conicum, subascendens ; frons lanceolata,
subcarinata, marginibus vix elevatis. Antenna breves ; articulus l u * 2°
mult6 brevior. Thorax subcarinatus. Prothorax subarcuatus; Pedes
breves. Alee latee ; anticee areolis costalibus et marginalibus ordinariis
areolisque plurimis minutis discalibus abnormibus, costa subconvexS,
margine exteriore subquadrato, angulo interiore peracuto.

Allied to Dictyophora. Head conical above, very slightly ascending ; front
lanceolate, indistinctly keeled, with the margins hardly elevated. Antennae
short ; 2nd joint very much shorter than the 1st. Thorax with a slight
keel. Prothorax somewhat arched. Legs short. Wings broad. Fore wings
with regular areolets along the costa and along the exterior border, and
with very numerous minute irregular areolets over the rest of the surface ;
costa slightly convex, forming a slightly obtuse angle at the tip ; exterior
border straight, subquadrate j interior angle very acute.

12. Ceomna acutipennis, n. s. Viridis, subtus pallidior, capite thoraceque
testaceo-vittatis, alis anticis linea marginali fusca, pos'ticis albis.

Green, paler beneath. Head and thorax with testaceous stripes. Fore wings
with a brown line extending from near the tip of the costa to one-third of
the length of the hind border from the interior angle. Hind wings white.
Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Malacca.

Gen. Dabadax, n. g.

Caput lanceolatum, ascendens, lateribus elevatis ; frons lanceolata, carinata.
Antennae globosae, minimae. Prothorax valde arcuatus, carinatus. Meso-
thorax quadricarinatus. Aloe anticae fusiformes, areolis costalibus et
marginalibus plurimis ordinariis, discalibus longis.

Head lanceolate, ascending, with a ridge along each side ; front lanceolate,
with a middle keel; sides also ridged. Antennae globose, very minute;
bristle moderately long, very slender. Prothorax much arched, with a
slight middle keel ; each side forming a fusiform compartment. Mesotho-
rax with four keels. Fore wings fusiform, with numerous parallel equi-
distant veinlets along the costa ; discal areolets long ; marginal areolets
short, like those of the costa.

86 me. walkee's catalogue or homoptebous insects

13. Dabadax fttsipennis, n. s. Viridis, ex parte lutescens, alis anticis fusco
apud marginem exteriorem guttatis, posticis albis.

Green, partly lutescent. Fore wings with brown dots along the exterior
border. Hind wings white. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings
7 lines.

Malacca.

Gen. Elica, n. g.

Caput conicum, subascendens, supra tricarinatum ; frons lanceolata, tetra-
gona, tricarinata, lateribus elevatis. Antennas breves. JProthorax brevissi-
mus. Mesothorax tricarinatus. Alee anticse latse, venulis plurimis trans-
versis costahbus, areolis discalibus basahbus elongatis, exterioribus abbre-
viatis ssepissime hexagonis.

Head conical, slightly ascending, with three ridges above ; front lanceolate,
tetragonal, with three ridges, the lateral pair curved, margins also ridged.
Antennae conical; bristle about twice the length of the preceding part.
Pro thorax very short. Mesothorax with three keels. Fore wings broad,
with numerous transverse veinlets along the costa j discal areolets elongate
towards the base of the wing ; those exterior more numerous, short, and
generally hexagonal or pentagonal.

14. Elica latipenkls, n. s. Testacea, ex parte fulva, capite supra thoracis-
que disco fuscis, alis hyalinis subtestaceis, venis fulvis, nonnuUis nigris.

Testaceous, partly tawny. Head above and disk of the thorax brown. Wings
hyaline, with a slight testaceous tinge ; veins tawny, some of them black,
forming an irregular incomplete band. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of
the wings 9 lines.

Malacca.

Gren. Elidipteea, Spinola.

15. Elidipteea smaeagdilinea, n. s. Ferruginea, capite ex parte prasino,
cornu gracili cylindrico ascendente nigro subtus viridi, fronte angusta, facie
pectoreque nigro alboque variis, prothorace maculis tribus prasinis, meso-
thorace vitta prasina, abdomine vittis duabus prasinis duabusque ventrali-
bus nigris, pedibus viridi-fulvis, femoribus basi nigris, tibiis anticis apice
albis, alis hyalinis vittis duabus strigaque transversa fuscis.

Ferruginous. Head emerald-green about the eyes and on each side of the
front; protuberance slender, cylindrical, ascending, black above, green
beneath, about twice the length of the head above ; front long and narrow ;
face black and white. Prothorax with an emerald-green spot in the middle
and one on each side. Mesothorax with an emerald-green stripe. Pectus
black and white. Abdomen with a green stripe on each side, and with a
black stripe on each side beneath. Legs tawny ; femora black at the base ;
tibise and tarsi partly green ; fore tibiae white towards the tips. Wings
limpid. Fore wings with a narrow brown etripe along the terminal part of
the costa, and with a broad brown stripe along the corresponding part of
the hind border, the two stripes connected by a brown streak along the
transverse veinlets. Length of the body 4£ lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

Mount Ophir.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPOBE AND MALACCA. 87

Subtrib. Cixioides, Spinola.
Gen. Cixius, Latr.

16. Cixius pustulatus, n. s. Fulvus, subtus testaceus, capite viridescente,
guttis duabus nigris, carinis ferrugineis, alis anticis maculis pallidioribus
necnon punctis plurimis guttisque paucis nigricantibus, posticis fuscis.

Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head greenish, with a black dot on each side ;
ridges ferruginous. Fore wings with some paler marks and with many-
minute blackish dots which are accompanied by two or tliree larger and
darker dots. Hind wings brown. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 7 lines.

In this species the veinlets towards the tip of the costa and along the apical
margin are more numerous than in the European Cixii.

Singapore.

17. Cixius albistkiga, n. s. Nigricans, subtus testaceus, capite parvo, fronte
angusta fusca, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis rufescenti-
bus subtus albidis, alis anticis fuscis y strigis tribus transversis costalibus
subapicalibus albidis, posticis cinereis.

Blackish, testaceous beneath. Head much smaller, and with the front much
narrower than in the European species ; front dark brown. Hind borders
of the abdominal segments reddish above, whitish beneath. Fore wings
brown, with three whitish transverse streaks towards the tip of the costa.
Hind wings grey. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Singapore.

18. Cixius eppeeatus, n. s. Testaceus, fronte subfusiformi, oculis magnis
approximates, abdomine fulvo, alis limpidis, venis fulvis, anticis stigmate
testaceo maculisque duabus marginalibus fuscis, posticis striga costali apicali
fusca.

Testaceous. Front subfusiform, attenuated in front. Eyes large, nearly
contiguous on the vertex. Abdomen tawny. Wings limpid ; veins tawny j
stigma testaceous, with a brown spot contiguous to its tip, and opposite a
smaller and paler brown spot on the interior border. Hind wings with a
brown streak at the tip of the costa. Length of the body 2i\ lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Euria, n. g. ^JYQk^jbvL&twt^ Jftot

Caput brevissimum, supra arcuatum; frons longa, subfusiformis, carinata.

- Antenna globosse. Thorax brevissimus, carinatus, lateribus elevatis. Alee
anticse mediocriter latse, venis costalibus plurimis ordinariis, marginalibus
multis ssepissime furcatis, discalibus nonnuUis, basalibus paucis.
Head very short, arched above. Front long, subfusiform, with a keel in the
middle. Antennae small, globose. Thorax very short, with a keel in the
middle and a ridge on each side. Fore wings moderately broad, with the
angles rounded ; many oblique, parallel, equidistant veins along the costa ;
veins along the exterior border very numerous, mostly forked, divided by
transverse veinlets from the much fewer veins in the next compartment,
which is likewise divided by veinlets from the still fewer basal areolets.

88 me. walker's catalogue oe homopterous insects

19. Etteia ltjeida, n. s. Fuscescens, subtus pallidior, capite viridi carinis
fulvis, alis anticis fusco-quadrifasciatis, posticis fusco-trifasciatis.

Brownish, paler beneath. Head green, with tawny ridges. Wings lurid.
Fore wings with four brown bands ; 1st and 2nd dilated in front ; 3rd
slender, curved, joined at each end to the 2nd ; 4th marginal. Hind wings
with three brown bands. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings
7 lines.

Singapore. U^^ifhA 3u*f- t

Gen. Bidis, n. g.

Caput conicum, vis ascendens, vertice carinato, fronte perangusta carinata
lateribus elevatis. Antennae filiformes ; articulus 2 US 1° paulld longior ;
seta longissima. Prothorax arcuatus, brevissimus. Mesothorax tricari-
natus. Alee, anticee sat angustse, areolis nonnulhs apud costse apicem et
apud marginem exteriorem ; areolae basales longissimse, discales elongatse.

Head conical, hardly ascending, with a ridge above; front very long and
narrow, with a middle keel; sides also ridged. Antennae filiform; 2nd
joint a little longer than the 1st ; bristle about twice the length of the 2nd,
and full fths of the length of the body. Prothorax arched, very short.
Mesothorax with three keels. Fore wings rather narrow, with marginal
areolets towards the tip of the costa and along the exterior border ; discal
areolets elongated, less than half the length of the basal areolets.

20. Bidis notivena, n. s., mas et fcem. Testacea, ex parte viridis, alis hya-
linis, anticis subtestaceis, venis testaceis ex parte nigricantibus. Mas ex
parte rufescens.

Male and female. Testaceous, partly green. Winga hyaline. Fore wings with
a very slight testaceous tinge; veins testaceous, here and there blackish.
Male. Partly red. Length of the body 2 lines j of the wings 6 lines.

Singapore and Malacca.

Trib. Is sites, Spinola.
Gen. Ettrybrachys, Gue'rin.

21. Etjeybeachys mttlticoloe, n. s. Leete viridis, albo-tomentosa, thorace
testaceo, abdominis lateribus posticis laete runs, membranis duabus apicali-
bus foliaceis fulvis, alis anticis nigro-guttatis, apud costam nigro-strigatis,
marginibus latis subhyalinis, posticis albis, maculis nonnuUis marginalibus
nigris.

JBright green, with white tomentum. Thorax mostly testaceous. Abdomen
bright red on each side towards the tip, which has two foliaceous tawny
appendages. Fore wings nearly hyaline, with green disks, which are
brightest beneath, and with several black discal dots ; some little black
streaks along the costa. Hind wings white, with some black marginal
spots. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 22 lines.

22. Eueybeachts ETJBEESCENS, n. s. Testacea, vertice thoraceque rufes-
cente notatis, fronte viridi-testacea, pedibus roseis, alis anticis pubescenti-
bus, basi purpureo-rufis nigro-guttatis, apices versus fulvis, fascia inter-
media marginibusque ex maxima parte sordide hyalinis, tuberculis duobus
submarginalibus nigro-uniguttatis, posticis lacteo-albis fascia fusca.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPOEE AND MALACCA. 89

Testaceous. Head, vertex and thorax with reddish marks. Front greenish
testaceous. Legs rosy red. Fore wings pubescent, slightly tuberculated,
and with a black shining dot near the tip of the costa and at three-quarters
of the length of the hind border, purplish red and with black dots towards
the base, tawny towards the tips, with a dingy hyaline middle band and
with the borders chiefly of the same hue. Hind wings milky white, with a
brown band. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

Mount Ophir.

Subtrib. Flatoides, Spinola.
Gen. Flatoides, Guerin.

23. Flatoides tenebrosus, Walk. Cat. JETomopt. pt. 2. 406. 7.
Malacca and Singapore. Inhabits also China.

24. Flatoides marginalis, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 2. 409. 10.
Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Africa ?

25. Flatoides discalis, n. s. Nigra, fronte tricarinata marginibus subele-
vatis, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis pedibusque testa-
ceis, alis anticis nigricantibus disco guttisque quatuor limpidis, punctis
marginalibus testaceis, posticis limpidis fusco-marginatis.

Black. Front much broader than long, with a slightly elevated margin, and
with three slight keels. Hind borders of the abdominal segments and legs
dull testaceous. Fore wings blackish, with a testaceous point on the tip
of each vein ; disk limpid ; two limpid dots on the costa, and two towards
the tip of the exterior border. Hind wings limpid with brown borders.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Singapore^

26. Flatoides emaeginattjs, n. s. . Nigricans, capite pectore pedibusque
testaceis, fronte carinis tribus abbreviatis, alis nigricantibus, anticis macula*
costali albo-limpida, incisuris duabus costalibus exterioribus, margine exte-
riore antice eoncavo postice dilatato.

Blackish. Head, pectus and legs dull dark testaceous ; front about twice
broader than long, with an elevated border, and with three short keels on
the hind part. Wings blackish. Fore-wings slightly hooked ; costa with
two slight excavations between the tip and a white limpid spot which is
beyond the middle ; exterior border concave between the tip, and a conical
dilatation which is in front of the middle. Hind wings slightly excavated
along the exterior half of the costa. Length of the body 3 lines j of the
wings 11 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Bicania, Germar.

27. Ricania Hemerobii, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 2. 425. 19.

Malacca. Inhabits also Ceylon.

Gen. Cofna, n. g.

Corpus sublineare. Caput thorace vix angustius, fronte depress*!, elongate
carinula media, lateribus subelevatis. Prothorax arcuatus, carinatus, ver-

90

ticem posticum superans. MesotTiorax tricarinatus. Pedes breviusculi,
sat validi. Alee latse, apice rotundatse ; anticse areolis costalibus ordinariis,
discalibus plurimis abnormibus.
Body almost linear. Head nearly as broad as the thorax ; vertex much
longer than broad ; front flat, much longer than broad, forming a rounded
angle on the middle of each side, with the borders slightly elevated and
with a slight middle keel. Antennae short ; 2nd joint much shorter than
the 1st j bristle not long. Prothorax keeled, arched, extending over the
hind part of the vertex. Mesothorax longer than broad, with three keels.
Legs rather short and stout. Wings broad, rounded at the tips. Fore
wings with a row of regular areolets along the costa ; discal areolets nu-
merous, very irregular in size and shape.

28. Conna GTTTTIFEKA, n. s. Testacea, capite guttis sex nigris, verticis tho-
racisque discis fuscescentibus, abdominis vitta dorsali fusca, segmentorum
marginibus posticis albidis, alis hyalinis, anticis subtestaceis guttis paucis
fuscescentibus, posticarum margine ex parte fusceseente.

Testaceous. "Vertex and thorax with brownish disks. Head with two black
dots on each side, and four in front. Abdomen with a brown dorsal stripe;
hind borders of the segments whitish. Wings hyaline. Fore wings some-
what testaceous, with a few slight brownish dots. Hind wings with a
brownish tinge along part of the hind border.

Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Malacca.

G-en. Befna, n. g.

Corpus sat gracile. Caput carinatum, thorace paullo angustius, lateribus
elevatis, fronte compressa elongato-subfusiformi. Antennce breviusculse.
Thorax tricarinatus. Prothorax brevissimus. Abdomen basi halteribus
duobus capitatis, oviductu longo arcuato. Pedes longiusculi, sat graciles.
Alee latse, apice rotundatse ; anticse areolis discalibus brevioribus, bag^hbus
et marginalibus longioribus.

Body rather slender. Head a little narrower than the thorax, with a keel
which extends from the back of the vertex to the rostrum ; sides also
ridged ; front compressed, elongate-subfusiform. First and 2nd joints of
the antennae a little shorter together than the breadth of the front ; bristle
not long. Thorax with three ridges. Prothorax very short. Abdomen at
the base with two lateral capitate appendages like the halteres of Diptera ;
tip terminating in a long curved oviduct. Legs rather long and slender.
Wings broad, rounded at the tips. Fore wings with about twenty areolets,
formed by two irregular bands of transverse veinlets ; the discal areolets
generally shorter than the basal and the marginal areolets.

29. Benna capitulata, fcem. Testacea, abdomine lanuginoso, alis hyalinis,
anticis subtestaceis, gutta discali nigra guttulisque duabus fuscis, venis
fuscis, basi et apud costam testaceis, venulis transversis ex parte infuscatis,
striga apud marginem exteriorem fusca, stigniate testaceo.

Female. Testaceous. Abdomen with long cottony secretions ; capitate append-
ages with white tips. Wings hyaline. Fore wings with a very slight testa-
ceous tinge ; veins brown, testaceous towards the base and in front, with a

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 91

black basal dot, and with two smaller brown dots near the base ; trans-
verse veinlets partly clouded with brown ; a brown streak along the ex-
terior border; stigma testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines j of the
wings 8 lines.
Singapore.

Gen. Pochazia, Amyot et Serv.

30. Pochazia fasciata, Fair. Syst. Bhyn. 47. 8. (Flata.)
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

31. Pochazia fumata, Amyot et Serv. Hist. Nat. Rem. 529. 2. Flata fuscata ?
Fair. Syst. Bhyn. 47. 9.

Malacca and Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

32. Pochazia obscura, Fair. Syst. Bhyn. 49. 16. (Flata.)
Malacca., Inhabits also Hindostan.

33. Pochazia inteeettpta, n. s. Testacea, fronte elongato-subquadrata,
prothorace arcuato verticem ex parte superante, mesothorace tricarinato,
alis fuscis, anticis apud marginem posticum ex parte luridis, fascia inter-
rupts fusca, apice testaceo-hyalino.

Testaceous ; vertex much broader than long ; front elongate-subquadrate,
with a slight groove in the middle. Prothorax arched, extending over part
of the vertex. Mesothorax with three slight keels. Wings brown. Fore
wings partly lurid towards the hind border ; an interrupted band beyond
the middle; the tips hyaline, slightly testaceous. Length of the body
3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore. ,

V 34. Pochazia costimactjla, n. s. Nigra, capite pedibusque fulvis, vertice
fusco margine fulvo, alis nigricantibus, anticis apud margines et apud venu-
las transversas luridis, macula costali albido-hyalina.

Black. Head and legs tawny ; vertex brown, with a tawny border ; front
broader than long, with a middle keel and with an elevated margin. Wings
blackish. Fore wings mostly lurid along the borders and about the trans-
verse veinlets, and with a whitish hyaline spot on the costa beyond the
middle. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Malacca.

1^* 35. Pochazia geadiens, n. s. Fulva, subtus testacea, alis nigris, anticis

apud costam fulvis.
Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head with a middle keel, and with the margins

elevated. Front hardly broader than long ; sides rounded. Wings blackish.

Fore wings tawny along the costa. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the

wings 6 lines.
Singapore.

Gen. Nephesa, Amyot <et Serv.

36. Nephesa rosea, Spinola, Ann. Soc. Ent. France^ viii. 400. 5. (Bicania.)

Flata matutina, Walk. Cat. Homopt. 437. 13.
Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

92 me. walkeb's catalogue of homoptebotjs insects

Gen. Plata, Fair.
37. Flata obscura, Fair. Syst. Wiyn. 49. 16.
Singapore. Inhabits also Hindostan.

/Gen. Colobesthes, Anmot et Serv. ^
38. Colobesthes albiplana, il. s. Alba, ahs anticis'apudr costam convexis,
margine exteriore quadrato, angulo interiore attenuato peracuto, posticis
vix acuminatis.
White. Fore wings convex in front, rectangular at the tips, straight and
quadrate from thence to the interior angle which is attenuated and very
acute ; hind border straight. Hind wings hardly acuminated at the tips.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 22 lines.

sf 39. Colobesthes i

•"'

\t

makginata, n. s. Viridi-alba, mesothorace vittis duabus
testaceis luteo-unilineatis, ahs anticis fascia marginali lutea, basi subtuber-
culatis, apud costam convexis, margine exteriore quadrato, angulo interiore
attenuato acuto.

Greenish white. Front not broader than long, with a slightly elevated border
and a slight keel ; sides slightly rounded. Mesothorax on each side with
a testaceous stripe which includes a luteous line. Fore wings minutely
tuberculate towards the base, convex in front, rectangular at the tips,
straight and quadrate from thence to the hind angle which is attenuated
and acute ; hind border straight ; a pale luteous marginal band extending
from f ths of the length of the costa nearly to the middle of the hind border.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

Malacca.

Gen. P<ecilopteba, Latr.

40. Poeciloptera maculata, Guer. Icon. Regne Anim. Ins. pi. 58. f. 7.
Malacca and Singapore. Inhabits also Java.

41. Pcecilopteba LUTEIMAEGO, n. s. Subtestaceo-viridis, fronte subcari-
nata, lateribus subelevatis rotundatis, prothorace arcuato verticem ex parte
superante, ahs anticis margine exteriore subquadrato, fascia apicali lutea
fusco-marginata, posticis limpidis.

G-reen, with a slight testaceous tinge. Front a little longer than broad, with
the border slightly elevated, and with a slight keel ; sides rounded. Thorax
not keeled. Prothorax nearly semicircular, extending over the vertex.
Mesothorax broader than long. Fore wings subquadrate at the tips, about
which there is a luteous brown-bordered band. Hind wings limpid.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore. t *
'.>/+* NMM / ; <,

42. PceCtlOpteea niveina, n. s. Alba, P. luteimarginis structura, ahs anti-
cis fascia marginali testacea.

White, in structure like P. luteimargo. Fore wings with a testaceous mar-
ginal band which extends from two-thirds of the length of the costa to the
base of the hind border. Length of the body 2£ lines j of the wings 7 lines.

Mount Ophir.

s-

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 9d

Gen. Eupilis, n. g.

Foem. Corpus subfusiforme. Caput breve, antice rotundatum, thorace an-
gustius ; vertex depressus, bicarinatus ; frons convexa, lsevis ; facies lanceo-
lata, vix carinata. Antenna globosse. Oviductus longus, arcuatus, lan-
ceolatus. Alee sat angustae; anticee apice rotundatee, venulis quatuor
transversis costalibus, venulisque quatuor discalibus.

Female. Body subfusiform. Head nearly semicircular, narrower than the
thorax ; vertex depressed, with a ridge on each side ; front convex, smooth j
face lanceolate, hardly keeled. Antennae globose. Abdomen terminating in a
long curved lanceolate oviduct. Wings rather narrow. Fore wings rounded
at the tips, with four transverse veinlets along the costa, and with four
irregular discal transverse veinlets.

43. Eupilis albilineola, n. s., foem. Testacea, ex parte viridis, fronte nigra,
macula fulva margineque testaceo, facie fasciis duabus (anteriore maculari)
nigris, thorace pectoreque nigro-maculatis, abdomine fasciis nigris, ahs hya-
linis, venis nigris, anticis subluridis fusco quinque-strigatis, venulis trans-
versis albidis.

Female, Testaceous, partly pale green. Front black, shining, with a tawny
central spot and with a testaceous border ; face with two black bands, the
anterior one macular. Thorax and pectus with black spots. Abdomen
with black bands. Wings hyaline, with black veins. Fore wings slightly
lurid, with five brown streaks ; transverse veinlets white. Length of the
body 4 lines j of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore.

Fam. MEMBBACINA, Burmeister.
Gen. Centeotus, Fair.

44. Centrotus Taurus, Fair. Syst. Rhyn. 20. 19.

Mount Ophir and Singapore. Inhabits also Hindostan, Java, the Philippine
Isles, and China.

45. Centrotus laminieer, n. s. Nigricans, scabrosus, thoracis cornubus
anticis divergentibus subplanis membranaceis rufo-fuscis, postico abdomen
superante, pedibus ferrugineis, alis luridis, anticis apud costam nigrican-
tibus.

Blackish, scabrous. Thorax armed in front with two almost directly diver-
ging nearly horizontal membranous reddish-brown horns, from each of
which a keel proceeds to the tip of the hind horn, which is horizontal and
extends beyond the abdomen. Legs ferruginous. Wings lurid. Fore
wings blackish along the costa. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings
6 lines.

Singapore. , —

46. Centrotus calioinosus, n. s. Niger, obscurus, brevis, robustus, dense
et scite scaber, thoracis cornubus lateralibus validis abbreviatis divergen-
tibus oblique ascendentibus, cornu postico abdominis dimidium non supe-
rante, ahs anticis fuscis, basi nigris, posticis limpidis.

Black, stout, short, dull, thickly ard minutely scabrous. Lateral horns of

94 ME. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OF IIOMOPTEROTJS INSECTS

the thorax stout, diverging, obliquely ascending, shorter than the breadth
of the thorax between them ; hind horn horizontal, extending to half the
length of the abdomen. Tarsi ferruginous. Fore wings brown, black at the
base. Hind wings limpid. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings
4 lines.
Malacca.

47. Centeotus semiviteeus, n. s. Niger, crassu3, brevis, nitens, subtilis-
sime punctatus, thorace antice inermi angulato, cornu postico abdomen
fere adsequante, ahs hyalinis, anticarum dimidio apicali nigro.

Black, thick, short, shining, very minutely punctured. Thorax unarmed in
front, but angular on each side by the base of the fore wing ; hind horn
horizontal, extending nearly to the tip of the abdomen. Wings hyaline.
Fore wings black for half the length from the tips. Length of the body
1£ line ; of the wings 3£ lines.

Singapore.

48. Centeotus SEMIEASCIA, n. s. Niger, obscurus, thorace antice inermi,
cornu postico abdominis dimidium superante ; ahs hyalinis, anticis gutta
costali fascia subapicali apiceque fuscis.

Black, dull. Thorax unarmed in front ; hind horn horizontal, extending to
rather beyond half the length of the abdomen. Wings hyaline. Fore
wings with a brown dot in front, a subapical band, and brown tips. Length
of the body 1 line j of the wings 2^ lines.

Malacca.

Gren. Micreuke, n. g.

Centroto affinis. Thorax antice lanceolatus ; cornu caput longe superans,
apud apicem ramis duabus erectis subarcuatis armatum ; cornu posticum
abdominis dimidio vix brevius.

Allied to Centrotus. Thorax prolonged into a long, slender, lanceolate horn
which extends far beyond the head, and has at its tip two more slender
vertical slightly recurved and diverging branches. Hind part of the thorax
armed with a horizontal horn which extends to near half the length of the
abdomen. Wings fusiform, much like those of Centrotus.

49. Miceetjne FOEMIDANDA, n. s. Nigra, thorace scabro, cornubus carinatis,
segmentorum abdominahum marginibus posticis genubus tarsisque fulvis,
ahs anticis nigricantibus, posticis cinereis.

Black. Thorax scabrous ; its horns channelled. Hind borders of the ab-
dominal segments, knees and tarsi tawny. Fore wings blackish. Hind
wings grey. Length of the body lines ; of the wings lines.

Singapore.

Tarn. CICADELLINA, Burmeister.

Trib. L^eyipedes, Amyot et Serv.

Subtrib. Cercopldes, St. Farg. et Serv.

G-en. Cercopis, Fair.

50. Cercopis tricolor, St. Farg. et Serv. Enc. Meth. x. 604. 1.
Var. Alis anticis nigris guttis sex basalibus rufis.

V

COLLECTED AT SINGAPOEE AND MALACCA. 95

Var. Black, shining. Head, thorax, scutellum towards the tip, hind borders
of the abdominal segments, and tip of the abdomen, red, as are also the
legs. Femora black, the four anterior red towards the tips. Fore wings
with six red dots on each at the base.

Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Java.

51. Cercopis plana, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 3. 653. 10.
Var. Thorax nigro-bipunctatus.

Var. Scutum of the mesothorax with two black points.
Mount Ophir. Inhabits also Java.

52. Cercopis dorsimacula, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 2. 658. 31.
Malacca. Inhabits also North Bengal.

53. Cercopis costalis, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 2. 664. 45.
Var. Alae anticse guttis duabus subapicalibus runs.
Var. Fore wings with two red subapical dots.
Inhabits also Malabar.

54. Ceecopis ettgtilosa, n. s. Nigra, nitens, subtus ferruginea, abdominis
marginibus pedibusque rufis, femoribus vitta nigricante, alis anticis
rugulosis.

Black, shining, ferruginous beneath. Abdomen bordered with red. Legs
red ; a blackish band on each of the femora. Fore wings rugulose. Length
of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Mount Ophir.

Nearly allied to C. viridicans, Gruer., but without any tinge of green.

55. Ceecopis dislocata, n. s. Nigra, capite fascia verticis marginibusque
anticis testaceis, thorace testaceo maculis duabus anticis nigris, alis anticis
costa testacea, fasciis duabus vittaque obliqua dislocata rufis.

Black. Head testaceous, black across the vertex and on each side in front.
Thorax testaceous, with a black spot on each side in front. Fore wings
testaceous along the costa, with two red bands, and with a red oblique stripe
which extends from near the base of the wing to the hind end of the 2nd
band, and is dislocated as it traverses the 1st band. Length of the body
6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

56. Ceecopis ttntpascia, n. s. Eufa, thoracis lateribus dilatatis, pectoris

disco nigro, alis anticis fascia nigra, posticis hyalinis.
Eed. Thorax dilated on each side. Disk of the pectus black. Fore wings

with a black band across the middle. Hind wings hyaline. Length of the

body 6 lines j of the wings 12 lines.
Singapore.

** 57. Ceecopis disceepaits, n. s. Nigro-purpurea, subtus nigra, alis anticis
nigris macula elongata nonnunquam divisa rufa.
Blackish-purple, black beneath. Fore wings black, with an elongated red
spot, which is contracted in the middle, and occasionally divided. Length
of the body 3-3£ lines ; of the wings 8-9 lines.
Singapore.

Vb ME. WALKEE S CATALOGUE OF HOMOPTEEOTJS INSECTS

Gen. Colsa.

Corpus subfusiforme. Caput sat magnum, thorace paulld angustius ; vertex
depressus ; frons convexa ; facies brevi-conica, lateribus imprcssis. An-
tennae brevissimse ; seta brevis. Prothorax brevis, antice angustior. Meso-
thorax subpunctatus ; scutellum excavatum. Alee angustse, apice rotun-
datse, anticse venulis nonnullis costalibus apicalibus venisque quatuor
longitudinalibus, la 2&que furcatis.

Body subfusiform, shining. Head rather large, a little narrower than the
thorax; vertex somewhat depressed; front convex; face short-conical,
impressed on each side. Antennse very short ; bristle shorter than the
breadth of the head. Prothorax narrower in front, about six times broader
than long. Mesothorax minutely punctured ; scutellum with a fusiform
depression. Wings narrow, rounded at the tips. Fore wings with four
longitudinal veins ; 1st springing from the middle of the costa, emitting
a fork towards the tip of the costa, and ending at somewhat behind the
tip of the wing ; 2nd forked near the base, springing from near the base of
the costa ; the forks connected by a veinlet at half their length ; the fore
fork emitting a branch to the 1st vein ; 3rd slender, springing from near
the base of the costa, ending on the hind border with a veinlet which con-
nects it with the hind fork of the 2nd vein ; 4th springing from very near
the base of the costa, and extending obliquely to the hind border ; several
oblique veinlets at the tip of the costa.

58. Colsa cost^esteiga, n. s. Nigra, subtus testacea, prothorace scutello-
que testaceis, abdomine testaceo fascia nigra, coxis femoribusque testaceis,
alis limpidis, venis nigris crassis, costa nigra, stigmate albido-testaceo.

Black, testaceous beneath. Prothorax and scutellum testaceous. Abdomen
testaceous, with a black band. Legs black ; coxae and femora testaceous.
Wings limpid ; veins black, thick ; costa black ; stigma whitish testaceous.
Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 6£ lines.

Malacca.

Subtrib. Apheophoeldes, Amyot et Serv.
Gren. Ptteltjs, St. Farg. et Serv.

\/ 59. Ptteltjs bipaes, n. s. Testaceus, capite supra thoraceque testaceis,
pectore testaceo-bivittato, alis anticis vitta brevi postica fasciaque testaceis,
posticis fuscescentibus.

Black. Head above and thorax testaceous. Pectus with a testaceous stripe
along each side. Fore wings with a testaceous stripe which extends along
half the length of the hind border from the base, and is united to a testa-
ceous band across the middle. Hind wings brownish. Length of the
body 4 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Singapore.

60. Ptyelus immutatus, n. s. Testaceus, capite subtus nigricante, pectore
ex parte abdomineque nigris, tibiis apice nigris, alis anticis subpubescen-
tibus, posticis cinerascentibus.

Testaceous. Head blackish beneath and with the usual ridges. Pectus partly
black. Abdomen black. Tibige black at the tips. Fore wings minutely

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 97

pubescent. Hind wings greyish. Length of the body 3| lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.
Singapore.

Subtrib. Serripedes, Atnyot et Serv.

Coh. Tettigonides, Amyot et Serv.

Gen. Tettigonia, Germar.

61. Tettigonia farinosa, Fair. Syst. Rhyn. 70. 41. T. brevifrons, Walk. Cat.
Homopt. 754. 41. — T. nigrifrons, Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3 me ser. i.
671. 123. pi. 21. f. 14.

Malacca and Singapore. Inhabits also Java, Pulo-Pinang, and Sumatra.
M. Signoret apparently describes the male of this species as T. farinosa, and
the female as T. nigrifrons.

62. Tettigonia ferruginea, Fair. Syst. Rhyn. 69. 36. (Cicada.)
Singapore. Inhabits also Hindostan, Java, the Philippine Isles, and China.

63. Tettigonia tbipaes, n. s. Lsete rufa subtus senea, capite brevi rotun-
dato vittis duabus nigris, fronte testacea margine nigricante, abdomine
obscure rufo fasciis nigricantibus apice seneo, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigris,
alis anticis testaceis glaucescentibus basi rufis, posticis fuscis.

Bright red, dark seneous beneath. Head short, rounded, nearly semicircular ;
vertex with two black stripes ; front dull testaceous, with a blackish border.
Abdomen dull dark red, with blackish bands ; tip eeneous. Legs dark
testaceous ; tarsi black. Fore wings dull testaceous, with a glaucous
bloom, bright red at the base. Hind wings brown. Length of the body
5 lines j of the wings 10 lines.

Malacca.

64. Tettigonia stjavissima, n. s. Nigra subtus alba, capite brevi-conico
vitta guttisque duabus nigris, thoracis lateribus luteis, pectore maculis
nigris, abdomine luteo maculis lateralibus fascia rufa apice albo, alis anticis
fuscis apices versus pallidioribus striga obliqua rufa antice limpidis costa
lutea, posticis fuscis apud costam limpidis basi nigricantibus.

Nearly allied to T. semiclara, Signoret, and to T. stellata, Sign.,, and forming
with them a distinct group in the genus. Black, white beneath. Head
short-conical, rounded in front, white with a black stripe and two black
dots. Thorax luteous on each side. Pectus with black spots. Abdomen
luteous with black spots on each side, red towards the tip which is white.
Legs white. Fore wings dark brown, paler brown with an oblique red
streak towards each tip, interruptedly limpid along the costa which is
luteous. Hind wings brown, limpid along the costa, blackish at the base.
Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

65. Tettigonia jocosa, n. s. Rufa subtus alba, capite albo brevi rotundato
lateribus nigris, thorace vittis quinque testaceis duabusque albis, pedibus
albis, alis anticis albo-vittatis fascia lurida basi testaceis apice fuscis,
posticis cinereis.

Eed, white beneath. Head white, short, rounded, nearly semicircular ; front
LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 7

98 MR. walker's catalogue oe homopterous insects

black on each side. Thorax with five testaceous stripes and with two
white stripes. Legs white. Fore wings with several various white stripes,
testaceous at the base, lurid towards the tips which are brown. Hind
wings dark grey. Length of the body 3 lines j of the wings 7 lines.
Mount Ophir.

Coh. Scarides, Amyot et Serv.
G-en. Ledra, lair.

66. Ledra chxtellieera, n. s. Testacea punctis pallidioribus, capite conico,
scutello attenuato, oviduCtu fulvo apice nigro, alis anticis subtuberculatis,
posticis limpidis.

Testaceous. Head and thorax with minute paler dots. Head conical, broader
than long. Scutum about twice broader than long. Scutellum attenuated
and acuminated at the tip. Oviduct tawny, with a black tip. Fore wings
very minutely tuberculate. Hind wings limpid. Length of the body
6£ lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Singapore.

67. Ledra conifera, n. s. Fulva tuberculis pallidis, subtus testacea, capite
conico, alis anticis testaceis venis ex parte rufescentibus, posticis limpidis.

Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head and thorax thickly covered with very
minute pale tubercles. Head conical, hardly broader than long. Scutum
not twice broader than long. Scutellum acuminated. Fore wings testa-
ceous, very minutely tuberculated ; veins partly reddish. Hind wings
limpid. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Singapore.

68. Ledra nigrilinea, n. s. Testacea subpunctulata, capite scutique lateri-
bus nigro marginatis, capite brevi-conico, alis posticis limpidis.

Testaceous, very minutely punctured. Head and sides of the scutum bordered
with black. Head short-conical, twice broader than long. Scutum not
twice broader than long. Scutellum acuminated. Hind wings limpid.
Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore.

Gen. Penthimia, German.

69. Penthimia castanea, n. s. Ferruginea leevis nitens, capite antice sub-
tusque pectoris margine antico maculisque duabus nigris, pedibus nigris,
tibiis spinosissimis, alis anticis apices versus luridis maculis nigris.

Ferruginous, smooth, shining. Head black in front and beneath. Pectus
black in front and with a black spot on each side behind. Legs black ;
tibise very spinose. Fore wings lurid, and with black spots towards the
tips. Length of the body 2>\ lines j of the wings 5 lines.

Malacca.

Coh. Iassides, Amyot et Serv.
G-en. Acocephaltjs, Germar.

70. Acocephalus olivaceus, Walk. Cat. Homopt. pt. 3. 846. 1.
Malacca. Inhabits also the Philippine Islands.

COLLECTED AT SINGAPORE AND MALACCA. 99

0^ * Gen. C(elidia, Germar.

71. Ccelidia guttivena, n. s., fcem. Nigro-senea, capite viridi-testaceo, ver-
ticis guttis duabus frontisque vittis duabus rufis, thorace punctis testaceis,
pectore abdomineque testaceis ex parte nigris, pedibus testaceis, tibiis tar-
sisque apice nigris, alis anticis hyalino-bifasciatis apicibus semihyalinis
venis nigris luteo-guttatis, posticis cinerascentibus.

Female. Blackish-ameous. Head greenish testaceous, with two red spots
on the vertex, and with two red stripes in front. Thorax thickly covered
with testaceous points. Pectus and abdomen testaceous, partly black.
Legs testaceous ; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi black. Fore wings with
two hyaline bands, and with semihyaline tips ; veins black, with very
numerous luteous dots. Hind wings greyish. Length of the body 3£ lines ;
of the wings 8 lines.

72. Ccelidia pttnctivena, n. s., fcem. Nigro-senea, capite testaceo strigis
tribus abbreviatis nigris, thorace punctis testaceis, pectore et abdomine
nigris ex parte testaceis, pedibus nigricantibus, alis anticis testaceo-guttatis
venis luteo-guttatis, posticis cinerascentibus.

Female. Blackish-seneous. Head dull testaceous, with three short black
streaks between the eyes. Thorax thickly covered with testaceous points.
Pectus and abdomen black, partly testaceous. Legs blackish. Fore wings
with numerous minute testaceous dots between the veins which are black,
with minute luteous dots. Hind wings greyish. Length of the body
4 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Malacca.

Ord. PHYTOPHTHIRES, Burmeister.

Fam. COCCID^E, Leach.

G-en. Monophlebtjs, Leach.

73. Monophlebus atripennis, Klug, FLandb. ii. 80.
Malacca and Singapore. Inhabits also Hindostan.

Description op Plates.

Plate III.

Fig. 1. Fupilis albilineola, p. 93 ; la, head and rostrum seen in front ; lb, the

same seen sideways ; lc, the extremity of the body seen sideways.
Fig. 2. Micreune formidanda, p. 94.
Fig. 3. Benna capitulata, p. 90 ; 3«, the head and rostrum seen in front

35, the same seen sideways ; 3c, the abdomen seen beneath.
Fig. 4. Cromna acutipennis, p. 85 ; 4a, the head and rostrum seen in front

4J, the same seen sideways ; 4c, the abdomen seen sideways.
Fig. 5. ColobestJies marginata, p. 92 ; 5a, the head and rostrum seen in front

55, the same seen sideways ; 5c, the abdomen seen sideways.

7*

100 MR. COUCH ON THE OCCURRENCE

Plate IV.
Fig. 1. Colsa costcestriga, p. 96 ; la, the head and rostrum seen in front ;

15, the same seen sideways.
Fig. 2. Bidis notivena, p. 88 ; 2a, the head and rostrum seen in front ; 25, the

same seen sideways.
Fig. 3. Conna guttifera, p. 90 ; 3a, the head and rostrum seen in front

35, the same seen sideways.
Fig. 4. Flica latipennis, p. 86 ; 4a, the head and rostrum seen in front

45, the same seen sideways.
Fig. 5. Daradax fusipennis, p. 86 ; 5a, the head and rostrum seen in front

55, the same seen sideways ; 5c, the extremity of the abdomen seen

Fig. 6. Ewria Itvrida, p. 88 ; 6a, the head and rostrum seen in front ; 65, the
same seen sideways j 6e, the extremity of the abdomen seen sideways.

On the Occurrence of Sepia hiserialis in Cornwall.
By Jonathan Couch, Esq., E.L.S. &c

[Read March 4th, 1856.]

It appears from the " History of British Mollusca," by Professor
E. Eorbes and Mr. Hanley (vol. iv. p. 241, and PL P.P.P.), that
the Sepia hiserialis is regarded as of very rare occurrence in
Britain ; one specimen only of its shell or plate having been found
in England and three in Ireland. The English specimen was ob-
tained on the shore of the county of Northumberland. It may
therefore be regarded as of some importance in the completion of
our local fauna, to make the Linnean Society acquainted with
the fact, that in the course of two days in the month of February
of the present year I have myself found no less than ten speci-
mens of the dorsal plate or shell of this animal, scattered among
perhaps a hundred of those of the Common Bone or Burn Cuttle,
Sepia officinalis.

My attention was attracted to these specimens by the beautiful
pale pink colour of the dorsal aspect of the shell; and a very
slight examination of the most perfect specimen I could find, com-
pared with those of the common species, was sufficient to point
out the decided distinction there is between them; but as the
shell of this species is but little known, and those which have
fallen into my hands are slightly different from what is described
in the work above referred to, I beg leave to lay before the
Society a more particular description than might otherwise be
necessary.

The length of this shell, as described by Professor Eorbes, was

OF SEPIA BISERIALIS IN CORNWALL. 101

2\ inches, and the breadth (I suppose without the membranous
wing) was yf ths of an inch ; but in the most perfect of my spe-
cimens, which however is defective at its blunt end, the length is
4> inches, and the breadth, including the membranous border,
If inch. The form is much more slender than in the common
species, and, as it approaches the mucro or spur, may be described
as lancet-shaped. The spur projects much more considerably
than in the Sepia officinalis, although in the latter I find a differ-
ence in different specimens. In the 8. biserialis it advances fth
of an inch beyond the membranous border in a straightforward
direction, whereas in the S. officinalis it is depressed and bent
inward. The membranous border at this part is also turned
inward, so as to enclose a cavity, and conceal the narrower portion
of the shell. The structure of this spur in the S. biserialis is also
different ; for while that of the common species is for the most
part hooked, round and simple, in the S. biserialis it is slightly
lobed or keeled. I have not been able to assure myself of its
shape at the point, as in my most perfect specimen it was a little
injured.

In addition to these well-marked distinctions, the rarer species
is smooth on its dorsal aspect at that part where the more
common is covered with a decided graining. The transverse striae
are also much more numerous, and of a finer structure. Their
direction also at the sides is not so bent towards the slender ex-
tremity.

It is still a subject of interesting inquiry whether the animal
to which this shell or plate belongs is truly a native of our own
waters, since it does not appear that any observer has ascertained
its existence. It is to be observed, however, that although the
whole of these specimens were injured, and most of them much
broken, they were scarcely more so than were those of the com-
mon species, which is, beyond question, common on our coasts.
The two species were lying together on the beach, as they had
been left by the tide ; and although there were at no great
distance from them many specimens of the stalks of the American
maize, clothed with perfect leaves — and although without heads of
grain, still bearing clumps of the male flowers, — yet we cannot con-
clude from the presence of these foreign plants that the shells
can have come to us from a considerable distance, since those of
the Sepia officinalis certainly have not done so, and the leaves and
stalks of the plants bear no marks of long immersion or of a distant
voyage. It is probable that they were thrown overboard from

102 ON A CATERPILLAR INJURIOUS TO THE SUGAR-CANE.

some ship, as is often the case with foreign productions which we
find cast up on our shores.
Polperro, 1856.

Notice of the " Borer," a Caterpillar very injurious to the Sugar-
Cane. By J. O. Westwood, Esq., E.L.S. &c.

[Read June 3rd, 1856.]

[Abstract.]

Mr. "Westwood gave an account of the natural history of the
" Borer," or caterpillar of a moth which is at the present time
doing immense damage to the sugar-canes in the island of Mau-
ritius. A committee had been formed in the island, composed of
the chief planters and scientific individuals, for the purpose of
investigating the subject, and from the able report which they had
drawn up, it appears that the insects were in all probability
imported with a cargo of new cane plants from the island of
Ceylon several years ago, and that since that time the damage has
been rapidly extending, and now threatens the entire destruction
of the plantations. The female insect deposits her eggs in the
axils of the young leaves, and the larvae as soon as hatched bore
into the stem, forming long galleries filled with the excrement of
the insect, and which have the effect of bringing the stem into
such a state of disease, that no crystallization will take place, and
the plant becomes quite useless even for making rum. The
entire transformations of the insect are effected in about six
weeks, so that there are at least six successive generations in the
course of a year. It appears that the chrysalis state is passed in
a slight cocoon spun amongst the dead leaves of the plant ; and
the committee, after reviewing various proposals suggested for the
destruction of the insect, had come to the conclusion that a well-
organized system of burning the infested canes, as well as all
loose rubbish and leaves in the plantation, was the only prac-
ticable means of getting rid of the enemy. Dr. Ulcoq, an ex-
tensive sugar-cane planter in the island, who was present at the
meeting, confirmed the details contained in the report, and begged
for any suggestions which could be offered by scientific men in
this country for the purpose of remedying the evil. He had
already been in communication with M. Gruerin-Meneville and
other naturalists in Paris.

Several of the members present took part in the discussion

MB. HANBTJBY ON INSECT-WAX FBOM CHINA. 103

upon the subject, and especially dwelt on the care necessary in
the selection and treatment of the cuttings of the cane-tops for
future plantations. The destruction of the eggs and young larvae
attached to such shoots would be effected if the latter were kept
immersed in damp furrows, but the nature of the soil of the island
prevented such a process ; their immersion in a liquid capable of
destroying the insect embryo without hurting the plant was also
insisted upon ; as well as the placing of the cuttings for a time
in a close atmosphere saturated with the fumes of prussic acid
arising from bruised laurel-leaves, which would certainly destroy
the insect.

From the account given of this Mauritian borer, it appears
identical with the borer of the West Indian plantations described
by Eabricius under the name of Phalcena saccharalis, and by the
Eev. L. G-uilding under that of Diatrcea Sacchari in a memoir
published in the Transactions of the Society of Arts, for which he
received the G-old Ceres Medal from the Society.

Notice of a Specimen of Insect-wax from China.
By Daniel Hanbuby, Esq., F.L.S. &c,

[Read April 15th, 1856.]

[Abstract.]

Mb. D. Hanbuby exhibited a specimen of Chinese Insect-wax in
the crude state, attached to the branch on which it had been
formed by the insect, Coccus Pe-la, "Westw.* (O. sinensis, Westw.
Pharm. Journ. xii. 478).

The specimen was obtained by Dr. M'Cartee of Ningpo, at a
spot about fourteen miles N.E. of that city. The exact locality is
described as " three miles from Chin-hae, southerly, behind the
first range of hills across the river, — in the direction of Ling-fung,"
where the trees supporting the wax-insect occur on the banks of
the canals.

Dr. M'Cartee procured specimens for Mr. Fortune, which that
gentleman has taken to India with the view of introducing the
insect into that country. He also sent specimens to "William Lock-
hart, Esq., of Shanghai, through whose kindness that exhibited
was received. r

It may be remarked that, according to the Chinese accounts

* Gardener's Chronicle for Aug. 20, 1853 (p. 532).

104 ON INSECTS PRODUCING: WAX FROM PORT NATAL AND CHINA.

the trees upon which the wax-insect lives are of two or three
species. Of one of these, resembling an ash, a dried specimen
was on the table. Mr. Lockhart has in his garden at Shanghai a
small wax-tree of this species which he hopes shortly to colonize
with the wax-insect. The tree has not yet flowered, and its bo-
tanical position is as yet undetermined. A living plant of the
same species was brought to England by Mr. Fortune, from
whose hands it passed into those of Messrs. Eollisson and Sons of
Tooting.

Specimens of the manufactured insect-wax from China were
also on the table.

Note on Insects producing Wax from Port Natal and China.
By J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. &c.

[Read April 15th, 1856.]

The wax-insect from Natal, exhibited by Mr. W. "W. Saunders, is
the female of a large species of Coccus, analogous to the Coccus
ceriferus ; each female being about the size of a pea, and of a dark
chestnut colour, but encased in a solid layer of white waxy matter
nearly a quarter of an inch thick, so as to make the entire insect as
large as a boy's marble ; the under side being flattened, or rather
concave, so as to fit the convex surface of the branch on which they
are found. The size of the insect would render it easy of observa-
tion, and the thickness of the wax would make it a more important
object of commerce than the wax-insects of South America.

The Chinese wax-insect, of which so fine a specimen on the
branch has been exhibited by Mr. Daniel Hanbury, differs from
the latter by the waxy matter being deposited over the surface of
the branch, and not confined to a coating of the insect. The spe-
cimens submitted to my examination are probably of considerable
age, as they have been much deteriorated in a commercial point of
view, by being attacked by other insects, namely a species of ant,
of which I found the heads and other parts of several specimens ;
and a species of moth, of which I found portions of many chrysa-
lides ; the larvae of which, I do not doubt, had devoured the ani-
mal matter of the Cocci, as well as burrowed into the wax. There
were also some fragments of a Curculio (OtiorhyncTius ?), but these,
I suppose, must have been taken accidentally on the trees in
collecting the Cocci.

ME. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS. 105

Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo,
by Mr. A. E. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species.
By Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S.

[Received Sept. 15, 1856.]

Fam. MYCETOPHILHLE, Haliday.

G-en. Sciara, Meigen.

Div. A. a. Meig. vi. 305.

1. Sciaba laticobnis, n. s., mas et fcem. Nigra, antennis validis, thorace
nitido. Mas. Alis subnigricantibus. Foam. Abdomine ferrugineo, alis
nigricantibus.

Male and Female. Black. Antennae stout. Thorax shining, Male. Wings
slightly blackish. Female. Abdomen ferruginous. Wings blackish.
Length of the body 3-4 lines ; of the wings 5-6 lines.

2. Sciara solita, n. s., foam. Nigra, antennis gracilibus, thorace abdomi-
nisque apice subnitidis, pedibus piceis, alis subnigricantibus.

Female. Black. Antennae slender. Thorax and tip of the abdomen slightly
shining. Legs piceous. Wings slightly blackish. Length of the body
li line ; of the wings 3 lines.

Fam. CECIDOMYZIDJE, Haliday.

Gen. Cecldomyia, Latreille.

3. Cecidomyia defeeekda, n. s., fcem. Fusca, capite nigro, thorace rufes-
cente, pedibus testaceis, alis albidis, venis halteribusque testaceis.

Female. Brown. Head black. Thorax reddish. Legs testaceous. Wings
whitish, ciliated ; veins and halteres pale testaceous ; subcostal vein end>
ing at a little before the middle of the costa ; cubital vein ending at the tip
of the wing ; hind branch of the anal vein straight, and proceeding ob-
liquely to the hind border. Length of the body If line ; of the wings
3^ lines.

Fam. BIBIONID^E, Haliday.

Gen. Plecia, Hoffmansegg.

4. Plecia dorsalis, Walk. See page 5.

5. Plecia subvaeians, n. s., mas et fcem. Atra. Mas. Thorace rufo, alis
subnigricantibus. Foam. Thorace rufescente, alis nigricantibus.

Male and Female. Deep black. Male. Thorax bright red. Wings slightly
blackish. Female. Thorax dull red. Wings blackish. Length of the body
1^-2 lines j of the wings 4-5 lines.

This species may be distinguished from P. dorsalis by its narrower wings.

Fam. CTJLIC1TLE, Haliday.
Gen. Culex, Linn.

6. Culex fuscanus, Wied. See page 5.

106 me. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects
Fam. TIPULID^, Holiday.
G-en. Limnobia, Meigen.
Div. n.

Veins of the wings like those of Div. S. Meig. {Zweijl. i. 147. pi. 4. f. 17),
with the exception of the subcostal vein, which is not connected with the
costal, but emits a veinlet at its tip to the radial.

7. Limnobia impeessa, n. s., foem. Fusca, capite nigro, thoracis lateribus
testaceo-marginatis, pectore cano, abdomine lutescente fasciis fuscis, pedibus
pallide fuscescentibus, genubus testaceis, alis- subcinereis venis nigris.

Female. Brown. Head and antennae black. Lateral segments of the
thorax with testaceous borders. Pectus hoary. Abdomen somewhat
luteous, with brown bands. Legs slender, pale brownish ; knees testa-
ceous. Wings greyish ; veins black. Length of the body 4i lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.

Div. n.

Veins of the wings much like those of Div. E. Meig. (Ztveijl. i. 125. pi. 6.
f. 2), but the veinlet which connects the subcostal vein with the radial is
far beyond the base of the fork of the latter, the cubital parts from the
radial at some distance from the veinlet which connects it with the 3rd
externo-medial, and the veinlet between the 3rd externo-medial and the
subanal is very near the base of the discal areolet.

8. Limnobia eubbescens, n. s., mas. Ferrugineo-rufa, capite pedibusque
nigris, pectore ventre femoribus basi coxisque rufescentibus, abdomine
vitta dorsali nigricante, ahs fusco cinereis venis stigmateque nigricantibus.

Male. Ferruginous red, paler beneath. Head, antennae and legs black.
Abdomen with a blackish stripe. Femora at the base and coxae reddish.
Wings brownish-grey ; veins and stigma blackish. Length of the body
5 lines j of the wings 12 lines.

Div. n.

Veins of the wings much like those of Div. E. Meig. (Zw. i. 125. pi. 6. f. 2),
but the veinlet which connects the subcostal vein with the radial is beyond
the base of the fork of the latter, and the veinlet between the 3rd externo-
medial vein and the subanal is opposite the middle of the discal areolet.

9. Limnobia pyeehocheoma, n. s., mas. Ochraeeo-rufa, capite nigro?,
pedibus nigris, femoribus basi coxisque fulvis, alis cinereis venis fuscis.

Male. Ochraceous red. Head black ? Legs black, slender ; femora towards
the base and coxae tawny. Wings grey ; veins brown. Length of the
body 3£ lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Div. n.

Diners from all the other divisions of Limnobia by the contorted petiole of the
radial and cubital veins, and by the radial vein which near its base forms an
angle emitting a branch ; externo-medial veins simple ; discal areolet sub-

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 107

hexagonal, about twice longer than broad; veinlet between the 3rd externo-
medial vein and the subanal near the base of the discal areolet.

10. Limnobia aegento-cincta, n. s., fcem. Nigra, antennis verticillato-
pilosis, thorace nitido, abdomine fasciis argenteis, femoribus subclavatis,
ahs cinereis venis nigris nebulosis.

Female. Black. Antennae verticillate-pilose. Thorax shining. Abdomen
with silvery bands. Femora subclavate. Wings grey ; veins black, slightly
clouded with black. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Pteeocosmtjs, Walk.

Limnobia leucotehis and L. plecioides, p. 6, and other species, may be placed
in this genus ; the structure of their wing-veins differs somewhat from that
of Meigen's Div. 1.

11. Pteeocosmtjs ltjntg-eetjs, n. s., mas. Ater, pedibus piceis, alis violaceo-
nigricantibus apice testaceis macula discali sublunata alba.

Male. Deep black. Legs piceous. Wings black, with violet reflections,
testaceous at the tips, and with a white slightly curved discal white spot.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

12. Pteeocosmtjs ineixtjs, n. s., mas et fcem. Niger, thorace ferrugineo,
abdomine antico flavescente, vitta viridi, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus
tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris, ahs violaceo-nigricantibus fascia brevi discali
maculaque subapicali albis. Fcem. Abdominis segmentis posterioribus ni-
gris fulvo marginatis, terebra ferruginea\

Male and Female. Black. Thorax and legs ferruginous. Abdomen to-
wards the base yellowish, and with a green stripe. Tarsi and tips of the
femora and of the tibia? black. Wings blackish, with violet reflections,
adorned with a short white discal band and with a subapical white spot.

Female. Hinder segments of the abdomen black, with tawny borders;
oviduct ferruginous. Length of the body 5-6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

13. Pteeocosmtjs optabilis, n. s., mas. Ater, abdomine luteo basi fasciaque
lata postica atris, pedibus piceis, alis nigricantibus apice subcinereis fascia
brevi discali alba.

Male. Deep black. Abdomen luteous, black at the base, and with a broad
black posterior band. Legs piceous, very slender. Wings blackish, with
violet reflections, greyish hyaline at the tips, with a limpid mark by the
interior angle, and with a short white discal band. Length of the body
3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

14. Pteeocosmtjs combinattjs, n. s., fcem. Saturate rufo-ferrugineus, capite
nigro, abdomine fascia antica testacea, terebra pedibusque pallide fulvis,
ahs violaceo-nigricantibus guttis costalibus et marginahbus macula discali
lunulaque subapicali albis costd testacea.

Female. Deep reddish ferruginous. Head and antennae black. Abdomen
with an anterior testaceous band. Oviduct, legs and halteres pale tawny.
Tarsi blackish towards the tips. Wings blackish, with violet reflections,
with a few marginal white dots, with two white spots (one discal, the other

108 MB. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

subapical), and with a limpid mark on the hind part of the base ; costa
testaceous. Length of the body 8 lines j of the wings 12 lines.

15. Pteeocosmus diltjtus, n. s. Saturate rufus, capite nigro, antennis
pedibus halteribusque testaceis, ahs cinereis costa testacea venulis trans -
versis nigricante nebulosis macula discah guttisque marginalibus albis.

Nearly alhed to the preceding species, of which it may be an immature variety.
Deep red. Head black. Antenna?, legs and halteres pale testaceous.
Tarsi a little darker towards the tips. Wings greyish, pale testaceous along
the costa, with a discal white spot, and with some white marginal dots of
various size ; transverse veinlets slightly clouded with black. Length of
the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Gen. Tipula, Linn.

16. Tipula pedata, Wied. Auss. 2kveifl. i. 45. 7.
Inhabits also Java.

17. Tiptjla vilis, n. s., mas. Fusca, antennis subverticillato-pilosis, thorace
ferrugineo nitido, femoribus basi fulvescentibus, alis subcinereis venis stig-
mateque nigris.

Male. Brown. Antenna? short, slightly verticillate-pilose. Thorax ferru-
ginous, shining. Legs slender ; femora somewhat tawny towards the base*
Wings very slightly greyish ; stigma and veins black. Length of the body
4 lines j of the wings 10 lines.

Earn. STKATIOMLDJ2, Holiday.

Gen. Ptilocera, Wied.

18. Ptilocera quadridentata, Fair. See page 7.

Gen. Clitellaria, Meigen.

19. Clitellaria varia, Walk. See page 7.

20. Clitellaria flaviceps, Walk. See page 7.

21. Clitellabia notabilis, n. s., foem. Nigro-cyanea, capite halteribusque
pallide testaceis, antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine cyaneo, ahs fuscis
costam versus nigricantibus.

Female. Blackish-blue. Head pale testaceous. Antenna? and legs black.
Thorax with a band and a stripe of grey tomentum. Abdomen blue, with
grey tomentum beneath. Wings dark brown, blackish along the costa.
Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Gen. Cyclogaster, Macquart.

22. Cyclogasteb detbacta, n. s., foem. Nigra, cinereo-pubescens, antennis
fulvis, arista albida elongata tenui, pedibus albidis, coxis femoribusque nigris,
alis subcinereis venis sordide albidis.

Female. Black, with grey down. Head shining. Antenna? tawny j arista

COLLECTED IN BOKNEO. 109

whitish, elongated, filiform. Legs whitish ; coxae and femora black. Wings
very slightly greyish ; veins dingy whitish. Halteres whitish. Length of
the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

23. Cyclogastek infeea, n. s., foem. Nigra cinereo-pubescens, antennis
nigris, articulo 1° fulvo, 3° valido; pedibus albidis, coxis femoribusque
nigris, alis limpidis venis albidis.

Female. Black, with grey down. Head shining. Antennae black ; 1st
joint tawny ; arista stout. Legs whitish ; coxae and femora black. Wings
limpid ; veins whitish. Halteres white. Length of the body 2 lines ; of
the wings 4 lines.

Gen. Culcua, n. g.

Caput parvum ; frons declivis. Antenna breves ; articulus 3 U8 rotundus ;

arista apicahs, longa, 'tenuis, setiformis. Thorax productus, longiconicus.

Scutellum quadrispinosum. Abdomen crassum, subrotundum, thorace bre-

vius et latius. Pedes breves, simplices. Alee sat angustae. Mas. Oculi

supra connexi.
Head small ; front vertical. Antennae short j 3rd joint round ; arista long,

slender, setiform, apical. Thorax elongate-conical, produced in front.

Scutellum with 4 spines. Abdomen thick, nearly round, shorter and

broader than the thorax. Legs short, slender, unarmed. Wings rather

narrow ; structure of the veins like that of Clitellaria.
Male. Eyes connected above. ,

24. Culctta simtjlans, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite albo-tomentoso, antennis
fulvis, thorace et abdomine fasciis cinereo-pubescentibus, scutelli spinis
fulvis, alis subcinereis fascia media nonnunquam subinterrupta apiceque
late nigricantibus.

Male. Black. Head with white tomentum. Antennae tawny. Thorax and
abdomen with bands of grey down. Scutellum with tawny spines. Legs
pubescent. Wings slightly greyish, blackish towards the tips, and with a
sometimes nearly interrupted blackish band. Length of the body 3-3^
bines ; of the wings 5-6 lines.

This species also inhabits Malacca, and was accidentally omitted in the de-
scriptions of the Malay species.

Glen. Evaza, n. g.

Corpus planum, subglabrum. Caput thoracis latitudine. Antennce breves ;
articulus l us longiusculus ; 3 U8 rotundus ; arista apicalis, longa, gracilis,
setiformis. Thorax ellipticus. Scutellum quadri-spinosum. Abdomen
subellipticum, thorace paulld longius, vix latius. Pedes graciles, simplices.
Alee sat longae, vix latae. Mas. Oculi magni, supra connexi.

Body rather flat, nearly bare. Head as broad as the thorax. Antennae
short ; 1st joint rather long ; 3rd round ; arista long, slender, setiform,
apical. Thorax elliptical. Scutellum with 4 rather long spines. Abdo-
men flat, elliptical, a little longer but hardly broader than the thorax.
Legs slender, unarmed. Wings rather long, moderately broad ; structure
of the veins like that of Clitellaria.

Male. Eyes large, connected above.

110 MR. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

25. Evaza bipaes, n. s., mas. Nigra nitida, oculis rufis, antennis scutelli
margine postico spinisque pedibus halteribusque pallide flavescentibus,
abdominis disco navescente, alis cinereis stigmate venisque nigricantibus.

Male. Black, shining. Eyes red. Antennae, hind border and spines of the
scutellum, legs and halteres pale yellow. Arista black. Thorax with a
testaceous line on each side. Disk of the abdomen yellowish. Wings
grey ; stigma and veins blackish, the latter testaceous at the base. Length
of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Sargus, Fair.

26. Sargus metallinus, Fair. Syst. Antl. 258. 11.
Inhabits also Hindostan and Java.

27. Sargus luridus, Walk. See page 8.

28. Sabgus latifascia, n. s., mas. Fulvus, antennis pectore abdomine pedi-
busque testaceis, abdomine fasciis latis nigris, pedum posticorum femoribus
nigro vittatis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, his albido fasciatis, alis cinereis venis
nigris basi fulvis.

Male. Tawny. Antenna?, pectus, abdomen and legs testaceous. Abdomen
with broad black bands. Hind femora striped with black ; hind tibiae and
hind tarsi black, the latter with a whitish band. Wings grey ; veins
black, tawny at the base. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings
11 lines. ,

Fam. TABANLDvE, Leach.
Gen. Tabanus, Linn.

29. Tabanus hybridus, Wied. Auss. Zweifl. i. 557. 31.
Inhabits also Macao.

30. Tabanus univentris, Walk. See page 9.

Var. Abdomen luteous-tawny, with an indistinct paler dorsal stripe.

31. Tabanus nexus, n. s., foem. Ferrugineus subtus canescens, callo piceo
elongato, antennis nigris, thorace vittis subobsoletis rufescentibus, abdo-
mine rufescente e maculis trigonis testaceis univittato, pedibus rufescenti-
bus, femoribus anticis tibiis anticis apice tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis
venis fusco marginatis, halteribus pallide luteis.

Female. Very nearly allied to T. univentris. Ferruginous, somewhat hoary
beneath. Callus piceous, long and slender. Proboscis black. Lancets
ferruginous. Palpi brown. Antennae black ; angle of the 3rd joint small.
Thorax with indistinct reddish stripes. Abdomen reddish, with a testa-
ceous triangular spot on the hind border of each segment. Legs reddish j
fore femora, tips of the fore tibiae and tarsi black. Wings grey ; veins
black, clouded with brown. Halteres pale luteous. Length of the body
8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

32. Tabanus eumieee, n. s., mas et foem. Fuscus subtus cinereus, abdo-
mine ferrugineo-rufo apicem versus nigro segmentorum marginibus posticis
testaceis, pedibus nigris, tibiis ferrugineo vittatis, alis fuscis. Mas. An-

COLLECTED IN BOENEO. Ill

tennis ferrugineis, alarum margine postico cinereo. Foem. Antennis nigris,
basi ferrugineis, abdomine maculis dorsalibus subtrigonis testaceis, alarum
areolis cinereo vittatis.
Male and Female. Very nearly allied to T. univentris. Brown, cinereous
beneath. Abdomen ferruginous-red, black towards the tip ; hind borders
of the segments testaceous. Legs black; tibiae with ferruginous stripes.
Wings brown ; veins black. Halteres pale luteous. Male. Eyes aeneous,
and with very small facets in front. Antenna? ferruginous. Wings grey
along the hind border, and with indistinct grey streaks on the areolets
elsewhere. Female. Antennae black, ferruginous at the base. Abdomen
with a small nearly triangular spot on the hind border of each segment.
Areolets of the wings with cinereous disks. Length of the body 6-7 lines ;
of the wings 12-1.4 lines.

33. Tabantts optatus, n. s., foem. Ferrugineus subtus canus, capite antico
albido callo lanceolate, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thoracis lateribus testa-
ceis, scutello cano, abdomine fulvo vitta postice dilatata nigra guttis dor-
salibus albidis, pedibus nigris, tibiis anticis basi tibiisque posterioribus
fulvis, alis nigro-fuscis apice lato margineque postico subcinereis macula
media sublimpida.

Female. Ferruginous, hoary beneath. Head whitish in front. Callus lanceo-
late. Proboscis black. Palpi testaceous. Antennae black, tawny at the
base j angle of the third joint acute, slightly elongated. Thorax with
three darker lines ; sides testaceous. Scutelluin hoary. Abdomen tawny;
hind borders of the segments beneath and on each side above testaceous ;
a black dorsal stripe which is dilated hindward ; a whitish nearly triangular
dot on the hind border of each segment. Legs black ; fore tibiae at the
base and hinder tibiae tawny. Wings blackish-brown ; apical third part
and hind border slightly cinereous ; a nearly limpid discal spot before the
middle ; veins black. Halteres blackish. Length of the body 6 lines ; of
the wings 12 lines.

34. Tabantjs simplicissimxjs, n. s., mas et foem. Cinereus, callo trigono
piceo, antennis fulvis, thoracis lateribus testaceis, abdomine testaceo apice
nigricante, pedibus nigris. Mas. Tarsis posterioribus basi tibiisque poste-
rioribus testaceis, tibiis anticis testaceis apice nigris, alis sublimpidis costa
venisque testaceis. Foem. Femoribus apice fulvis, tibiis albidis, anticis
apice nigris, tarsis posterioribus basi fulvis, alis cinereis apud costam
luridis venis nigris basi ferrugineis.

Male and Female. Cinereous. Callus at the base of the antennae broad,
triangular, piceous. Palpi testaceous. Antennae tawny ; 3rd joint not
dilated nor dentate. Sides of the thorax testaceous. Abdomen testaceous,
blackish at the tip. Legs black.

Male. Eyes in front aeneous, and with very minute facets. Tibiae testaceous ;
fore tibiae with black tips ; hinder tarsi testaceous at the base. Wings
nearly limpid, very slightly cinereous ; costa, veins and halteres testaceous.

Female. Callus between the eyes long and slender. Femora with tawny tips;
tibiae whitish ; fore tibiae with black tips ; hinder tarsi tawny towards the
base. Wings cinereous, lurid along the costa ; veins black, ferruginous
towards the base. Length of the body 3^-4^ lines ; of the wings 7-8 lines.

112 me. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects
Gen. Chrtsops.

35. Chrysops dispar, Fair. See p. 9. " Very abundant in the jungle at
Sarawak."

36. Chrysops fasciatus, Wied. Auss. Zweifl. i. 198. 5.
Inhabits also Java.

37. Cheysops itxissimtts, n. s., foem. Picea, capite thoracisque marginibus
aureo-pubescentibus, capitis callo atro, facie ferruginea guttis duabus late-
ralibus nigris, antennis nigris basi fulvis, abdomine fulvo fasciis tribus nigri-
cantibus, pedibus fulvis, Aibiis subdilatatis nigricantibus, alis subcineras-
centibus costa apice fasciaque lata, nigro-fuscis.

Var. Abdomine bifasciato basi testaceo.

Female. Piceous. Head and borders of the thorax with gilded down. Head
with a black shining callus above the antennae ; face ferruginous, shining,
with a black dot on each side. Palpi tawny. Antennae black, tawny at
the base. Abdomen tawny, with three blackish bands. Legs tawny ;
femora and tarsi with piceous tips ; tibiae and fore tarsi black, the former
slightly dilated. Wings very slightly cinereous, brown along the costa and
at the tips, and with a broad brown band. Halteres testaceous.

Var. Abdomen testaceous at the base, with two bands, the fore one black,
the hind one brown. Length of the body 3^-4 lines ; of the wings 7-8
lines.

Gen. HzematopOta, Meig.

38. Haematopota roralis, Fair. Syst. Antl. 107. 2.
" Eyes above opal white, with black specks."

39. Hjematopota atomaeia, n. s., foem. Nigro-picea, capite antico atro
nitido, antennis nigris basi nitidis, abdominis marginibus posticis canis,
tibiis albido cinctis, alis nigricantibus guttis plurimis annuloque unico
albis.

Female. Piceous-black. Head black and shining in front. Palpi ferru-
ginous. Antennae black; 1st joint shining. Abdominal segments with
hoary hind borders. Tibiae with a whitish band on each. Wings blackish,
with very numerous white dots, and with one white ringlet which is by the
costa at two-thirds of the length. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

Fam. ASILID^E, Leach.
Subfam. Dasypogonites, Walk.

Gen. Dasypogon, Fair.
Subgen. Microstylum, Macq.

40. Dasypogon Vica, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 2. 304.
Inhabits also Silhet.

41. Dasypogon incomptus, n. s., mas. Nigro-cinereus subtus canescens,
facie ferruginea, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis quatuor canis,

COLLECTED IN BOBNEO. 113

abdomine rnaculis lateralibus canis apice rufescente, alis violaceo-nigri-
cantibus.
Male. Blackish-cinereous, hoary beneath. Face bright ferruginous. Epi-
stoma with six white bristles. Antennae and legs black. Thorax with four
hoary stripes. Abdomen with hoary spots along each side ; tip reddish ;
appendages black, ciliated. Wings blackish, with violet reflections. Length
of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Gren. Discocephala, Macquart.

4>2. Discocephala dobsalis, Walk. (See page 9.) mas. Thorace vittis
duabus testaceis, abdomine piceo fasciis latis abbreviatis testaceis apice
nigro-cupreo, pedibus testaceo-fulvis, femoribus tibiisque apice nigricanti-
bus, femoribus posticis crassis spinosis.

Male. Thorax with two testaceous stripes. Abdomen piceous, with short
broad testaceous bands, blackish cupreous towards the tip. Legs testa-
ceous-tawny ; femora and tibiae with blackish tips ; hind femora thick,
spinosa.

Subfam. Laphbites, Walh
Gen. Laphbia, Fabr.

43. Laphria Reinwardtii, Wied. See page 10,

44. Laphria alternans, Wied. See page 10.

45. Laphria notabilis, Walk. See page 10.

46. Laphria triangularis, Walk. Cat. Dipt. 2nd Ser. 3. 553. 138.
Inhabits also Sumatra.

47. Laphria constricta, Walk. Cat. Dipt. 2nd Ser. 3. 555. 142.
Inhabits also Sumatra.

48. Laphria aurifaeies, Macq. See page 10.

49. Laphria inaurea, Walk. See page 11.

50. Laphria plana, Walk. See page 12,

51. Laphria tjnifascia, n. s., mas. Nigro-cuprea aureo-nirta, mystace
nigro, abdominis lateribus fascia ventreque rufescentibus, alis nigricantibus
basi late sublimpidis venis nigris, halteribus fulvis.

Male. Blackish cupreous, partly clothed with gilded hairs. Face with very
pale gilded tomentum. Mystax with some black bristles. Antennae
black ; 3rd joint linear, acuminated, a little longer than the 1st and the
2nd together. Thorax with two bands of gilded tomentum. Abdomen
reddish beneath and on each side, and with a very broad reddish band.
Legs black, stout, pilose ; hind femora very thick. Wings blackish, nearly
limpid for one-third of the length from the base. Halteres tawny. Length
of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

52. Laphria comptissima, n. s., mas et fcem. Aureo-tomentosa, facie
albo-tomentosa, antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine apicem versus nigro-
purpureo, tibiis luteis, alis nigricantibus dimidio fere basali subcinereo,
halteribus fulvis apice fuscis.

LINN. PBOC. — ZOOLOGY. 8

114 MR. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OE DIPTEROUS INSECTS

Male and Female, Body covered with gilded tomentum. Mystax com-
posed of several slender black bristles. Antennse and legs black. Third
joint of the antennse nearly linear, slightly acuminated, hardly longer than
the 1st and the 2nd together. Abdomen bare, shining and blackish-purple
towards the tip. Legs rather stout ; tibiae luteous ; hind tibia? black
towards the tips. Wings blackish, slightly greyish on nearly half the
length from the base ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny,
with brown knobs.

Male. Face with white tomentum.

Female. Face with pale gilded tomentum.

Length of the body 4£-5 lines ; of the wings 8-9 lines.

53. Lapheia Eupis, n. s., foem. Nigra, capite postico pectoreque cano-
tomentosis, facie fulva, thorace vittis duabus canis ; abdomine cyaneo-
nigro maculis lateralibus canis, alis nigricantibus basi late subcinereis,
halteribus fulvescentibus.

Male. Black. Head with hoary tomentum behind, thickly clothed beneath
.with testaceous hairs. Face tawny. Mystax composed of many black
bristles. Thorax with two hoary stripes. Pectus hoary. Abdomen bluish-
black, with hoary spots along each side. Legs stout, clothed with hoary
and pale testaceous hairs, and with black bristles. Wings blackish, slightly
greyish for more than one-third of the length from the base ; veins black.
Halteres somewhat tawny. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings
11 lines.

54. Lapheia peodttcta, n. s., mas. Atra vix pilosa, facie aureo-tomentosa,
pectore cano, abdomine longiusculo punctis lateralibus canis, pedibus
crassis, alis nigricantibus dimidio fere basali subcinereo, halteribus tes-
taceis.

Male. Deep black, hardly pilose. Face with pale gilded tomentum. Mystax
with very few black bristles. Pectus with hoary tomentum. Abdomen
somewhat long, with minute hoary dots along each side- Legs thick,
rather short. Wings blackish, greyish for nearly half the length from the
base ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4£ lines ; of
the wings 7 lines.

55. Lapheia lepida, n. s., mas. Nigra aureo-pilosa, facie aureo-tomentosa,
thorace bivittato et bifasciato, abdomine aureo-rufo, pedibus crassis pilosis,
alis nigricantibus triente basali subcinereo, halteribus testaceis.

Male. Black, clothed with gilded hairs. Face with gilded tomentum.
Mystax with many gilded and with a few black bristles. Third joint of
the antennse linear, conical at the tip, longer than the 1st and the 2nd
together. Thorax with two stripes and two bands of gilded tomentum.
Pectus gilded. Abdomen with golden-red tomentum. Legs pilose; femora
incrassated. Wings blackish, slightly cinereous for full one-third of the
length from the base ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 6 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

56. Lapheia completa, n. s., foem. Nigra fulvo-pilosa, facie pectoreque
aureo-tomentosis, abdominis apice glabro nigro-purpureo, pedibus robustis,
alis fuscis triente basali pallidiore, halteribus testaceis.

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 115

Female. Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Face and pectus with gilded
tomentum. Mystax with several gilded and with a few black bristles.
Third joint of the antennae elongate-fusiform, longer than the 1st and the
2nd together. Legs hairy ; femora slightly thickened. Wings brown,
paler towards the base ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

57. Lapheia incivilis, n. s., foem. Nigra fulvo-tomentosa, facie subaurata,
pectore cano, abdominis lateribus cano-guttatis, tibiis basi fulvis, alis
fusco-cinereis basi pallidioribus, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Black, thinly covered with tawny tomentum, not pilose. Face with
slightly gilded tomentum. Mystax with very few black bristles. Pectus
hoary. Hind borders of the abdominal segments with a hoary dot on each
side. Legs slightly pilose ; femora rather stout ; tibiae tawny, black to-
wards the tips. Wings brownish-grey, paler at the base; veins black.
Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4£ lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

58. Lapheia paetita, n. s., foem. Nigra, facie albido-tomentosa, thorace
fusco-tomentosa, pectore cano, abdomine nigro-purpureo, pedibus fulvis,
tarsis tibiis apice genubusque posticis nigris, alis subfuscis aut subcine-
reis, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Black. Face with whitish tomentum, which is very slightly gilded.
Mystax with several bristles of the same hue. Third joint of the antennae
fusiform, as long as the 1st and 2nd together. Thorax thinly covered with
brownish tomentum. Pectus hoary. Abdomen purplish-black, with a
very slight cupreous tinge ; sides with brownish tomentum. Legs tawny;
femora moderately stout; coxae, trochanters, tarsi, tips of the tibiae and
hind knees black. Wings slightly cinereous or with a brownish tinge ;
veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the
wings 8 lines.

59. Lapheia inteebttpta, n. s., foem. Nigra, facie aureo-tomentosa, tho-
racis fasciis duabus interruptis pectoreque subaurato-tomentosis, abdomine
nigro-aeneo maculis tribus lateralibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque testaceis apice
nigris, alis nigricantibus dimidio basali subcinereo, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Black. Face with gilded tomentum. Mystax with a few gilded
and very few black bristles. Thorax with two interrupted bands of very pale
gilded tomentum, which also covers the pectus. Abdomen blackish-aeneous,
with three tawny tomentose spots on each side. Femora moderately thick ;
tibise and tarsi testaceous, black towards the tips. Wings blackish, very
slightly greyish for half the length from the base ; veins black. Halteres
testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

60. Lapheia cingrtlifeea, n. s., foem. Nigra, capite pectore thoracisque
fasciis duabus interruptis pallide aureo-tomentosis, abdominis segmentis
apud margines posticos aurato-tomentosis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus
nigro-vittatis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque anticis nigris, tarsis posteriori-
bus nigro-cinctis, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Black. Head and pectus with very pale gilded tomentum. Thorax
with two -stripes and two interrupted bands of the same hue. Mystax with
many pale gilded bristles. Third joint of the antennae linear, slightly
acuminated, very much longer than the 1st and the 2nd together. Ab-

8*

116 ME. WALKER'S CATALOGUE OE DIPTEROUS INSECTS

domen with a gilded band on the hind border of each segment. Legs
testaceous ; femora hardly stout, with black stripes ; hind trochanters and
fore tarsi black ; hind tibiae with black tips ; posterior tarsi with black
bands. Wings cinereous ; veins black. Halteres testaceous. Length of
the body 6 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

61. Lapheia detecta, n. s., mas. Atra, eapite postico pectoreque albido-
tomentosis, thorace macula laterali pallida aureo-tomentosa, abdomine basi
albo piloso macuhs tribus laterahbus aurato-tomentosis, pedibus fulvis,
femoribus nigro-vittatis, tarsis nigris basi fulvis, ahs limpidis dimidio fere
apicah nigricante.

Male. Deep black. Head behind and pectus with whitish tomentum. My- .
stax with very few black bristles. Third joint of the antennae nearly
linear, elongate- conical towards the tip, very much longer than the 1st and
the 2nd together. Thorax with a spot of pale gilded tomentum on each
side, in front of the base of the wing. Abdomen with white hairs at the
base, and with three spots of gilded tomentum on each side. Legs tawny ;
coxae and trochanters black ; femora rather thick, with black stripes, which
are very short on the hind pair ; tarsi black, tawny at the base. Wings
limpid, blackish for nearly half the length from the tips ; veins black,
tawny in the limpid part. Halteres very pale yellow. Length of the body
6| lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

Subfam. Asilites, Walk.
Gen. Trupanea, Maeq.

62. Trupanea Amorges, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 2. 391 (Asilus) ; 2nd ser. pt. 3.
612. 102.

63. Teupanea inseeens, n. s., mas et foem. Nigra, fusco-tomentosa, facie
pectoreque subauratis, mystace supra albido subtiis nigro, antennis pedibus-
que nigris, thorace vittis quinque nigris, abdominis segmentis cano inter-
rupts marginatis, alis fuscis.

Male and Female. Black, with brown tomentum. Face and pectus with
pale, slightly gilded tomentum. Mystax with some whitish bristles above,
and with very few black bristles beneath. Antennae black ; arista as long as
the 3rd joint. Thorax with five black stripes. Abdomen rather slender,
moderately long ; hind borders of the segments with slightly interrupted
hoary bands. Legs black ; tibiae ferruginous above, except towards the
tips. Wings brown ; veins black ; 3rd externo-medial vein joining the 4th
far from the base. Halteres tawny.

Male. Sexualia moderately large. Female. Abdomen attenuated, not stylate.
Length of the body 6 lines j of the wings 9-10 lines.

Gen. Asilus, Linn.

64. Asilus Barium, Walk. See p. 14.

65. Asiltjs flageans, n. s., fcem. Piceus, eapite pectoreque aureo-tomen-
tosis, mystace aureo, antennis fulvis, thorace strigis duabus obliquis late-
rahbus vittisque duabus aureo-tomentosis, abdominis segmentis testaceo-

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 117

marginatis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque piceo-vittatis, tarsis
posticis nigris, alis luridis triente apicali fusca.
Female. Piceous. Head and pectus with gilded tomentum. Mystax with
several gilded bristles. Antennae tawny ; arista as long as the preceding
joints together. Thorax with two oblique streaks on each side, and with
two stripes of gilded tomentum. Abdomen moderately long, hardly sty-
late j hind borders of the segments testaceous. Legs tawny ; femora and
hind tibiae mostly piceous above ; hind tarsi black. Wings lurid j apical
third part brown, which colour extends further along the hind border ;
veins black, tawny at the base ; cubital vein forked at a little beyond half
its length ; hind fork very undulating ; 3rd externo-medial vein joining
the 4th at some distance from the border. Halteres tawny. Length of
the body 5| lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

66. Asiltts contortus, n. s., fcem. Niger, cinereo-tomentosus, facie albida,
mystace supra nigro subtus albido, antennis nigris, thorace vittis duabus
nigricantibus, pectore cano, abdomine subaureo piloso segmentis testaceo-
marginatis, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris,
alis luridis areolarum apicalium fuscarum discis pallidioribus.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Face prominent, whitish. My-
stax with some black bristles above, and with many whitish bristles be-
neath. Antennae black ; arista as long as the preceding joints together.
Thorax with two indistinct blackish stripes. Pectus hoary. Abdomen
with slightly gilded hairs, moderately long, hardly stylate ; hind borders
of the segments testaceous ; tip black, shining. Legs ferruginous ; tarsi
and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. Wings lurid ; apical areo-
lets brown, with pale disks ; veins black ; cubital vein forked at beyond
half its length ; fore fork angular near its base ; hind fork very undulating;
3rd externo-medial vein joining the 4th near the border. Halteres tawny.
Length of the body 6 lines j of the wings 13 lines.

Gen. Ommatius, Xlliger.

67. Ommatius Hecale, Walk. See p. 14.

G-en. Leptogaster, Meigen.

68. Leptogaster tricolor, n. s., mas. Piceus, capite albido-tomentoso,
thoracis vittis duabus postice attenuatis pectorisque lateribus testaceis, ab-
domine nigro fasciis quinque flavis, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis tarsisque
apice nigris, tarsis posticis ferrugineis apice nigris, alis cinereis costa
lurida, halteribus testaceis.

Male. Piceous. Head with whitish tomentum. Antennae testaceous towards
the base. Thorax with two stripes, which are attenuated hindward, and
with the sides of the pectus testaceous. Abdomen black, with five yellow
bands. Legs yellow ; coxae and knees black ; hind femora striped with
black beneath ; hind tibiae with black tips ; hind tarsi ferruginous, with
black tips. Wings grey, lurid along the costa; veins black. Halteres
testaceous. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

69. Leptogaster intjtilis, n. s., mas. Niger nitens, pectore cano, pedibus
testaceis, femoribus tibiis et tarsorum articulis apice nigris, femoribus

118 MR. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

posticis apices versus nigricantibus annulo subapicali testaceo, alis lim-
pidis venis nigris triente basali infuscatis, halteribus testaceis apice fuscis.
Male. Black, shining. Pectus with hoary tomentum. Legs testaceous ;
tips of the femora, of the tibise, and of the joints of the tarsi black ; hind
femora mostly blackish, with a testaceous subapical band. Wings limpid;
veins black, clouded with brown towards the base. Halteres testaceous,
with brown knobs. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Fam. LEPTID^E, Westw.
G-en. Leptis, Fair.

70. Leptis ferruginosa, Wied. Auss. Zweifl. i. 224. 6.

71. Leptis decisa, Walk. See p. 15.

G-en. Chrtsopila, Macq.

72. Chrysopila macttlipennts, n. s., mas et foem. Picea, pectore testaceo
cano-tomentoso, abdominis segmentis testaceo-fasciatis, pedibus testaceis,
alis limpidis, fasciis tribus maculosis fuscis.

Male and Female. Piceous. Head in front and pectus with hoary tomentum.
Proboscis, legs and halteres testaceous. Antennae black. Abdomen with
a testaceous band on the hind border of each segment. Wings limpid,
with three irregular brown bands ; 2nd and 3rd bands broad, connected,
adorned with several limpid spots ; veins black. Length of the body
%\ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Earn. BOMBTLID^E, Leach.

Subfam. Therevites, Walk.

Glen. Thereva, Latr.

73. Thereva prjecedens, n. s., foem. Nigra confertim cano-tomentosa,
capite antico albo barbaque alba, pedibus subpilosis, alis subcinereis venis
nigris.

Female. Black, entirely covered with hoary tomentum. Head white and
shining in front, clothed beneath with white hairs. Proboscis black and
shining as usual. Legs slightly hairy. Wings slightly greyish; veins
black. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Subfam. Bombylites, Walk.
Gen. Anthrax, Fabr.

74. Anthrax Tantalus, Fabr. Syst. Antl. 124. 29.
Inhabits also Hindostan, Java and China.

75. Anthrax pennipes, Wied. Auss. Zweifl. i. 272. 23.
Inhabits also Java.

76. Anthrax semiscita, n. s. (Group 10. Dipt. Saund. 167), mas. Nigro-
picea cinereo nigroque pilosa, abdomine nigro apicem versus argenteo-

COLLECTED IN BOENEO. 119

micante, alis nigricantibus dimidio apicali oblique limpido guttis duabus
(una anteriore exteriore, altera posteriore interiore) nigricantibus.
Very nearly allied to A. bimacula, Walk. Male. Blackish-piceous, with a
few grey and black hairs. Abdomen black, brilliant silvery towards the
tip. Wings obliquely blackish for half the length from the base, the
blackish part very irregular in outline, and extending to f ths of the length
of the costa; one blackish dot on the basal angle of the fore fork of the
cubital vein, the other on the hind end of the veinlet between the 2nd and
3rd externo-medial veins ; veins black. Halteres with whitish tips. Length
of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

77. Antheax Satellitia, n. s. (Group 10. Dipt. Saund. 167), mas. Atra
vix pilosa, alis nigricantibus plus triente apicali suboblique limpida guttis
tribus discalibus unaque apicali nigricantibus.

Male. Deep black, hardly pilose. Wings blackish, obliquely limpid for more
than one-third of the length from the tips ; the outline of the blackish
part slightly denticulate ; the limpid part containing four blackish dots,
three, discal and one apical, the middle discal dot much larger than the
two others. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Fam. DOLICHOPID^E, Leach.

Gten. Psilopus, Meigen.

78. Psilopus apicalis, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. ii. 227. 32.
Inhabits also Sumatra.

79. Psilopus robustus, Walk. See page 16.

80. Psilopus tenebrosus, Walk. See page 16.

81. Psilopus allectans, n. s., mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis, antennarum arti-
culo 3° fulvo, arista longissima apice albida, abdominis segmentis atro-
fasciatis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus, alis obscure fuscis postice
pallidioribus, venis halteribusque nigris.

Male. Bright bluish-green. Proboscis testaceous. Third joint of the an-
tennae tawny ; arista longer than the body, whitish at the tip. Abdomen
with deep black bands. Legs testaceous j tarsi blackish, paler towards the
base. Wings dark brown, paler along the hind border ; veins and halteres
black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein nearly straight ; discal trans-
verse vein curved outward. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings
5 lines.

82. Psilopus alliciens, n. s., mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis, facie pectoreque
argenteo-tomentosis, antennis testaceis, articulo 3° lanceolato, arista vix
longa, abdominis segmentis atro-fasciatis, pedibus testaceis, alis sublimpidis,
venis halteribusque testaceis.

Male. Bright bluish-green. Face and pectus with silvery tomentum. Pro-
boscis testaceous. Antennae testaceous ; 3rd joint lanceolate j arista black,
less than half the length of the body. Abdomen with broad deep black
bands, partly aeneous towards the tip. ' Legs testaceous ; tarsi darker
towards the tips. Wings nearly limpid ; veins and halteres testaceous ;
fore branch of the praebrachial vein much curved ; discal transverse vein
undulating. Length of the body 3£ lines ; of this wings 6 lines.

120 me. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

83. Psiloptts Illiciens, n. s., mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis, antennis nigris
articulo 3° brevi, arista sat longa, abdomine laete viridi segmentis atro-
fasciatis, pedibus nigris > tibiis fulvescentibus, alis cinereis apud costam
fuscescentibus, venis halteribusque nigris.

Male. Bright bluish-green. Proboscis black. Antennae black ; 3rd joint
short ; arista more than half the length of the body. Abdomen emerald-
green, with broad black bands. Legs black ; tibiae duU tawny. Wings
grey, brownish along the costa ; veins and halteres black ; fore branch of
the praebrachial vein curved ; discal transverse vein undulating. Length
of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

84. Psilopus delectans, n. s., mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis, facie pectoreque
argenteo-tomentosis, antennis nigris articulo 3° conico, arista sat longa,
abdomine laete viridi segmentis nigro-fasciatis, pedibus nigris, alis sub-
cinereis, venis halteribusque nigris.

Male. Bright bluish-green. Face and pectus with silvery tomentum. Pro-
boscis black. Antennae black j 3rd joint conical j arista black, more than
half the length of the body. Abdomen bright green, with narrow black
bands. Legs black. Wings greyish ; veins and halteres black ; fore branch
of the praebrachial vein curved ; discal transverse vein undulating. Length
of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

85. Psilopus peoliciens, n. s., fcem. Laete viridis robustus, capite cyaneo-
viridi, facie pectore abdominisque Iateribus argenteo-tomentosis, antennis
nigris articulo 3° longi-conico, arista sat longa, abdominis segmentis atro-
fasciatis, pedibus nigris, alis cinereis macula costali fusca venis nigris,
halteribus fulvis.

Female. Bright green, stout. Head bluish -green ; face with silvery tomen-
tum. Proboscis black. Antennae black ; 3rd joint elongate-conical ; arista
full half the length of the body. Thorax with three bright cupreous stripes.
Pectus and sides of the abdomen with silvery tomentum. Abdomen with
broad deep black bands. Legs black. Wings grey, with an elongated
brown spot towards the middle of the costa ; veins black ; fore branch of
the praebrachial vein much curved ; discal transverse vein nearly straight.
Halteres tawny. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

86. Psilopus peolectans, n. s., fcem. Laete cyaneo-viridis, antennis nigris
articulo 3° conico, arista longissima, abdomine apicem versus purpureo,
pedibus nigris, alis obscure fuscis fasciis tribus abbreviatis apiceque sub-
limpidis, venis halteribusque nigris.

Female. Bright bluish-green. Proboscis black. Antennae black ; 3rd joint
conical; arista nearly as long as the body. Abdomen purple towards the
tip. Legs black. Wings dark brown, with three nearly limpid bands which
do not extend to the costa ; 1st band dilated along the hind border to the
base of the wing \. 2nd very short ; 3rd much longer ; tips nearly limpid ;
veins and halteres black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein very much
curved ; discal transverse vein very deeply undulating, angular, and emit-
ting a short stump in the middle. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the
wings 6 lines.

87. Psilopus collucens, n. s., foem. Laete viridi-cyaneus brevis latus, ver-
tice purpureo, facie pectoreque albido-tomentosis, antennis nigris articulo

COLLECTED IN BOBNEO. 121

3° longi-conico, arista vix longa, abdomine laete viridi segmentis cupreo-
fasciatis, pedibus nigris, tibiis testaceis, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, hal-
teribus testaceis.
Female. Bright greenish-blue, short, broad. Vertex purple. Face and
pectus with whitish tomentum. Proboscis black. Antennae black ; 3rd
joint elongate-conical ; arista about half the length of the body. Abdomen
bright green, with cupreous bands. Legs black ; tibiae testaceous. "Wings
greyish ; veins black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein very much
curved; discal transverse vein almost straight. Halteres testaceous.
Length of the body 1\ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

88. Psilopus derelicttts, n. s., mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis gracilis, meta-
thorace purpureo, abdomine laete viridi segmentis cupreo-fasciatis, pedibus
pallide flavis, alis sublimpidis venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.

Male. Bright bluish-green, slender. Head wanting. Metathorax purple.
Abdomen bright green, with cupreous bands. Legs pale yellow. Wings
nearly limpid ; veins black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein almost
rectangular ; discal transverse vein straight. Halteres testaceous. Length
of the body If line ; of the wings 3 lines.

Glen. Dolichoptjs, Latr.

89. Dolichoptjs electtjs, n. s., foem. Late viridis robustus, capite antico
albo, antennis pedibusque nigris, thoracis margine aeneo, abdomine aeneo-
viridi maculis lateralibus albo-tomentosis, tibiis spinosissimis obscure tes-
taceis apice nigris, alis fusco-cinereis venis nigris, halteribus fulvis.

Female. Bright green, stout. Head white in front. Antennae black ; arista
rather stout. Thorax aeneous in front and on each side. Abdomen dark
aeneous-green, with spots of white tomentum along each side. Legs black ;
tibiae dull testaceous with black tips, very spinose. Wings brownish-grey ;
veins black ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle, nearly straight
from thence to its tip ; discal transverse vein straight, upright. Halteres
tawny. Length of the body 2£ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

90. Dolichoptjs alligattjs, n. s., mas. iEneo-viridis sat gracilis, capite
argenteo, antennis nigris, pectore cano, abdomine obscure aeneo, pedibus
fulvis, tibiis subspinosis, tarsis nigricantibus basi fulvis, femoribus poste-
rioribus nigris, mediis apice fulvis, alis fuscis sat latis venis nigris, halteri-
bus fulvis.

Male. iEneous-green, rather slender. Head with silvery-white tomentum.
Antennae black. Pectus hoary. Abdomen dark aeneous. Legs tawny;
tibiae slightly spinose ; tarsi blackish, tawny at the base ; posterior femora
black; middle femora with tawny tips. Wings brown, rather broad,
darker along the apical half of the costa ; veins black ; praebrachial vein
and discal transverse vein straight. Halteres tawny. Length of the body
2£ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

91. Dolichoptjs collecttjs, n. s., mas. Lsete viridi-cyaneus gracilis, facie
perangusta, antennis nigris, abdomine cyaneo-purpureo, pedibus testaceis,
tibiis vix spinosis, femoribus posticis nigris, tibiis posticis nigricantibus
apice testaceis, alis subcinereis latiusculis apud costam fuscescentibus, hal-
teribus testaceis.

122 me. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

Male. Bright greenish-blue, slender. Face extremely narrow. Antennae
black. Abdomen dark bluish-purple. Legs testaceous ; tibiae hardly
spinose ; hind femora black ; hind tibiae blackish, with testaceous tips.
Wings greyish, rather broad, brownish along the costa ; veins black ;
praebrachial vein hardly curved, forming an almost imperceptible angle at
its junction with the discal transverse vein which is nearly straight. Hal-
teres testaceous. Length of the body If line ; of the wings 3| lines.

G-en. Diaphortjs, Meigen.

92. Diaphortjs delegatus, n. s., fcem. Viridis albido-tomentosus, antennis
nigris, abdomine aeneo-viridi basi testaceo, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigris,
tibiis posticis fuscescentibus, ahs subcinereis venis nigris, halteribus tes-
taceis.

Female. Green, with whitish tomentum. Proboscis and antennae black.
Abdomen aeneous-green, testaceous towards the base. Legs testaceous ;
tarsi black ; hind tibiae brownish. Wings greyish ; veins black ; prae-
brachial vein and discal transverse vein almost straight. Halteres tes-
taceous. Length of the body 2| lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Earn. SYEPHIDJE, Leach.
Gen. Ceria, Fair.

93. Ceria Javana, Wied. See page 17.

G-en. Eristalis, Latr.

94. Eristalis niger, Wied. See page 17.

95. Eristalis arvorum, Fabr. Syst. Ambl. 235. 14.
Inhabits also Java and China.

96. Eristalis Andraemon, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 3. 627.
Inhabits also Hindostan.

Gen. Helophilus, Meigen.

97. Helophilus insignis, Walk. See page 17.

Gen. Merodon, Fabr.

98. Merodon vaeicolor, n. s., fcem. Atra, antennis nigris, arista testacea,
thorace postico cinereo, scutello fulvo, abdomine basi fulvo segmentis
testaceo-fasciatis, pedibus nigris, ahs subcinereis apud costam fuscis venis
nigris, halteribus testaceis.

Female. Deep black. Head with hoary tomentum in front. Antennae black ;
arista testaceous. Thorax cinereous towards the scutellum, which is tawny.
Abdomen with testaceous bands; base tawny. Legs black. Wings slightly
greyish, mostly dark brown along the costa ; veins black. Halteres testa-
ceous. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Gen. Xylota, Meigen.

99. Xylota conformis, Walk. See page 18.

COLLECTED IN BOBNEO. 123

Gen. Milesia, Latr.

100. Milesia macularis, Wied. See page 18.

101. Milesia Reinwardtii, Wied. See page 18.

102. Milesia Zamiel, n. s., foem. Atra, abdomine nigro-cupreo fasciis dua-
bus angustis interruptis flavis, femoribus rufis basi nigris, alis luteis postice
subcinereis macula magna costali subapicali fusca, halteribus fulvis.

Female. Deep black. Head shining in front. Proboscis and antennae black.
Abdomen blackish cupreous, shining, with two slender interrupted yellow
bands. Legs black j femora red, black at the base. Wings luteous, greyish
along the hind border, with a large brown costal subapical spot ; veins
luteous, brown towards the tips. Halteres tawny. Length of the body
8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Gen. Volucella, Geoff.

103. Volucella trifasciata, Wied. Auss. Zioeijl. ii. 196. 3.
Inhabits also Java.

Gen. Babyteeoceba, n. g.

Foem. Corpus sublineare, compactum. Caput thorace paulld latius ; facies
plana. Antennce conspicuse ; articuli l us et 2 US brevissimi ; 3 US longissi-
mus, dilatatus, subarcuatus ; arista nuda, basalis, articulo 3° non longior.
Abdomen subovatum, arcuatum, sessile, thorace paulld brevius et latius.
Pedes validi, breviusculi. Alee breviusculse ; venae transversee exteriores
rectse non obliquse.

Female. Body compact, nearly linear. Head a little broader than the thorax ;
face flat ; epistoma slightly prominent. Proboscis extending a little be-
yond the epistoma. Antennae diverging ; 1st and 2nd joints very short ;
3rd very long, dilated, curved and slightly widened towards the tip ; arista
bare, seated on the base of the 3rd joint, which it does not exceed in
length. Abdomen sessile, arched, nearly oval, a little broader and shorter
than the thorax. Legs stout, simple, rather short. Wings somewhat
short; exterior transverse veins straight, upright, forming almost right
angles with the cubital, preebrachial and externo-medial veins.

104. Babyteeoceba incltjsa, n. s., foem. Nigro-cuprea, capite antico al-
bido, antennis nigris articulo 3° subtus luteo, thorace pectoreque testa-
ceo bivittatis, abdomine fasciis tribus testaceis, l a basali biguttata, 2 a inter-
rupts, 3 a apicali latissima trimaculata, pedibus testaceis, femoribus posticis
apice tibiisque posticis nigris, alis subcinereis macula costali fasciaque ex-
teriore palhdiore fuscis.

Female. Blackish cupreous, shining. Head whitish in front. Antenna?
black ; 3rd joint luteous beneath. Thorax with a testaceous stripe on
each side. Pectus with a testaceous streak on each side. Abdomen with
three testaceous bands ; 1st basal, entire, dilated on each side, including a
blackish- cupreous dot on each side ; 2nd interrupted, dilated on each side
and connected with the 3rd, which is apical, very broad, and includes three
very large blackish cupreous spots. Legs testaceous ; hind femora towards
the tips and hind tibiae black. Wings greyish, with a dark brown spot

124 me. walker's catalogue of dipterous insects

beyond the middle of the costa, and with a paler incomplete exterior band ;
yeins black, testaceous at the base. Halteres testaceous. Length of the
body 3 lines j of the wings 5 lines.

G-en. CiTiBiENA, n. g.

Mas. Corpus sublineare, pilosissimum. Caput thorace vix latius ; facies
plana. Oculi villosissimi. Antennce breves ; articuli l us et 2 US transyersi;
3 as conicus, longior et paulld latior ; arista nuda, basalis, articulo 3° dupl6
longior. Abdomen thorace multo longius. Pedes simphces, sat graciles.
Alee sat angustae j vena transversa exterior inter cubitalem et prasbrachia-
lem angulata, ramulum emittens.

Male. Allied to Chrysochlamys. Body nearly linear, thickly pilose. Head
hardly broader than the thorax ; face flat. Proboscis short. Eyes very
pubescent. Antennae short ; 1st and 2nd joints transverse j 3rd conical,
longer and a little broader ; arista bare, seated on the base of the 3rd joint,
and about twice its length. Abdomen much longer than the thorax. Legs
simple, pubescent, rather slender. Wings rather narrow ; 1st externo-
medial vein curved ; transverse vein between it and the praebrachial nearly
straight and upright ; transverse vein between the cubital and the prae-
brachial forming an angle which emits a short stump ; fore side of the
angle straight ; hind side curved.

105. Citibjena atjrata, n. s., mas. Cuprea aureo-pubescens, capite aurato,
oculis villosis, antennis pedibusque testaceis, thorace bivittato, femoribus
basi cupreis, posticis cupreis apice testaceis, alis sublimpidis apice sub-
cinereis, venis halteribusque testaceis.

Male. Cupreous, thickly covered with gilded down. Head with gilded
tomentum in front. Antennae testaceous. Eyes very pubescent. Thorax
with two stripes of pale tomentum. Abdomen brighter than the thorax.
Legs testaceous ; anterior femora cupreous at the base ; hind femora cu-
preous, with testaceous tips. Wings nearly limpid, greyish towards the
tips ; veins testaceous, black towards the tips. Halteres testaceous. Length
of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Gren. Syrphus, Fair.

106. Syrphus aegrotus, Fair. Syst. Antl. 243. 48. (Eristalis.)
Inhabits also Hindostan, Java, and China ?

107. Syrphus alternans, Maca. Dipt. JExot. ii. 89. 7.
Inhabits also Hindostan.

108. Syrphtts diveetens, n. s., fcem. Chalybaeus aeneo-varius, capite antico
antennis thoracis vittis duabus scutelloque testaceis, abdomine subluteo
fasciis tribus strigis sex obliquis vittaque brevi interrupta apicali nigris,
pedibus halteribusque testaceis, tibiis posticis fuscis, alis limpidis.

Female. Chalybeous, partly aeneous. Head in front, antennae, a stripe on
each side of the thorax and scutellum testaceous. Abdomen pale luteous,
with three black bands on the hind borders of the segments ; a black basal
forked streak ; the two following segments with an oblique black streak on
each side, and an apical interrupted black streak. Legs testaceous ; hind

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 125

tibise brown. Wings limpid, rather long ; veins black. Halteres testa-
ceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

109. Stephus cyathifek, n. s., foem. Chalybaeo-niger, antennis pedibusque
fulvis, abdomine maculis sex subtrigonis duabusque minoribus apicahbus
fulvis, ahs fusco-cinereis, halteribus fulvis.

Female. Chalybeous-black. Head about the eyes and pectus chalybeous.
Antennae tawny. Abdomen with eight tawny spots ; 1st, 2nd and 3rd
pair large, nearly triangular ; 4th smaller, semicircular. Legs tawny.
Wings brownish-grey ; veins black. Halteres tawny. Length of the body
3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Baccha, Fabr.

110. Baccha Amphithoe, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt.3. 549.
Inhabits also Hindostan.

Gren. Ascia, Megerle.

111. Ascia brachystoma, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. ii. 90. 1.
Inhabits also Hindostam

Fam. MUSCIDJE, Latr,

Subfam. Tachinides, Walk.

G-en. Euryoaster, Macq.

112. Ettrygasteb SUBFERRIFERA, n. s., fcem. Nigra cinereo-tomentosa,
capite albo, palpis fulvis, thorace vittis quatuor angustis nigris, abdomine
fasciis tribus vittaque angusta nigris, macuhs duabus ventre femoribusque
ferrugineis, alis subcinereis.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum and long black bristles. Head
white in front and about the eyes; frontalia black, nearly linear; facialia
without bristles; epistoma not prominent, with a stout bristle on each
side. Eyes pubescent. Palpi tawny. Antennae extending to the epi-
stoma ; 3rd joint linear, rounded at the tip, full four times the length of
the 2nd ; arista slender, very much longer than the 3rd joint. Thorax with
four slender incomplete black stripes. Abdomen obconical, hardly longer
than the thorax, with three black bands and with a slender black stripe ;
a large ferruginous spot on each side of the 2nd segment; underside
mostly ferruginous. Legs black ; femora ferruginous. Wings greyish ;
veins black ; praebrachial vein forming a somewhat rounded but hardly
obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is nearly straight to its tip ;
discal transverse vein slightly curved inward near its hind end, parted by
less than its length from the border and from the flexure of the praebra-
chiaL Alulae greyish. Length of the body 3 lines j of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Megistogaster, Macq,

Corpus angustum, cylindricum. Fades obliqua. Facialia non setosa. An-
tennce longae ; articulus 3 US linearis, 2° sextupld longior ; arista nuda,
gracilis, articulo 3° paulld longior. Pedes longiusculi, setosi. Alee an-
gustae.

126 MR. walker's catalogue OE DIPTEROUS insects

Megistogaster, Macq. Mem. Soc. Sei. Nat. de Lille, 1850, 185.

Body narrow, cylindrical, slightly setose. Face slightly retracted and ob-
lique ; epistoma not prominent ; facialia without bristles. Antennae very
long ; 3rd joint nearly linear, six times the length of the 2nd ; arista bare,
slender, a little longer than the 3rd joint. Legs setose, rather long. Wings
narrow ; prsebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, nearly
straight from thence to its tip, joining the costal at somewhat in front of
the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by about
half its length from the border and from the flexure of the prsebrachial.
Type. Tachina Diabolus, Wied.

113. Megistogaster Imbrasus, Walk. Capt. Dipt. pt. 4. 781. ( Tachina.)
Inhabits also China..

The female has silvery- white tomentum in front of the head.

Subfam. Dexides, Walk.

Gren. Dexia, Meigen.

114. Dexia munda, n. s., mas. Viridis, capite cano, frontalibus atris, oculis
nudis, antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine nigro albo-tomentoso fasciis
duabus latissimis interruptis apiceque testaceis, alis fuscis, halteribus
testaceis.

Male. Green, shining. Head with hoary tomentum in front and beneath,
and with gilded tomentum along the eyes above; frontalia deep black,
widening in front ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma not prominent.
Eyes bare. Proboscis and palpi testaceous. Antenna? black; 3rd joint
elongate ; arista pubescent. Pectus and sides of the thorax with whitish
tomentum. Abdomen black, shining, oblanceolate, about twice the length
of the thorax, armed with several very stout spines ; segments with whitish
reflections, and with two very broad interrupted testaceous bands; tip
testaceous. Legs black. Wings brown ; veins black ; prsebrachial vein
emitting a branch at its flexure which forms an almost right angle, from
whence it is indistinctly undulating to its tip, which joins the costal at
somewhat in front of the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein undu-
lating, parted by less than half its length from the border, and by more
than half its length from the flexure of the prsebrachial. Alula? slightly
greyish. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings
8 lines.

115. Dexia extenders, n. s. (gen. Thelaira, Desv.), foem. Atra, capite
cano-tomentoso, vertice cervino, palpis antennisque ferrugineis, thorace
vittis tribus fasci&que testaceo-tomentosis, scutelli apice testaceo, abdomine
fasciis duabus latis albido-tomentosis, pedibus piceis, femoribus fulvis, alis
nigro-fuscis postice cinereis, halteribus fulvis.

Female. Deep black. Head with hoary tomentum; vertex with fawn-
coloured tomentum ; frontalia broad ; epistoma, proboscis and palpi ferru-
ginous. Antennae ferruginous, much shorter than the face ; arista plumose.
Thorax with three stripes and one hinder band of testaceous tomentum ;
scutellum testaceous at the tip. Pectus with whitish tomentum. Abdomen
with some stout bristles, and with two broad bands of whitish tomentum,

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 127

the fore one interrupted. Legs piceous ; femora tawny. Wings blackish-
brown, dark cinereous along the hind border ; veins black, tawny at the
base ; praebrachial vein emitting a short branch at its flexure which forms
a slightly acute angle from whence the vein is curved to its tip, and joins
the costal at somewhat in front of the tip of the wing ; discal transverse
vein undulating, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by
rather less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial. Alulae
cinereous. Halteres tawny. Length of the body 5^ lines ; of the wings
12 lines.

Subfam. Sakcophagides, Walk.
Gen. Cynomyia, Desv.

116. Cynomyta fobtis, n. s., mas. Laete cyaneo-viridis, capite testaceo-
tomentoso, frontalibus nigris, palpis antennisque ferrugineis, abdomine
cyaneo, pedibus nigris, alis fusco-cinereis, halteribus fulvis.

Male. Bright bluish-green, with black bristles. Head with shining testa-
ceous tomentum ; frontalia black, widening in front. . Proboscis, palpi
and antennae pale ferruginous ; 3rd joint of the antennae very long ; arista
deeply plumose. Abdomen blue. Legs black, stout, very pilose. Wings
brownish-grey, darker along the costa beyond the middle ; veins black,
ferruginous at the base. Halteres tawny. Length of the body 7 lines ;
of the wings 12 lines.

Gen. Sarcophaga, Meigen.

117. Sarcophaga aliena, Walk. See page 22.

118. Sakcophaga indicata, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite albo-tomentoso, fron-
talibus atris, thoracis vittis quatuor interlineatis pectoreque canis, abdo-
mine apicem versus subferrugineo e maculis excavatis albidis quadrifariam
tessellato, alis subcinereis, halteribus fulvis.

Male. Black. Head with shining white tomentum ; frontalia deep black,
linear, rather broad. Antennae black. Thorax with four hoary stripes,
which are interlined with black. Pectus hoary, Abdomen with a ferru-
ginous tinge, which is most apparent towards the tip, distinctly tessellated
with four rows of excavated whitish spots. Wings greyish ; veins black ;
praebrachial forming an acute angle at its flexure, near which it is very
much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip ; discal transverse
vein slightly undulating, parted by less than its length from the border,
and by much less than its length from the flexure of the praebrachial.
Alulae grey. Halteres tawny. Length of the body 4% lines ; of the wings
8 lines.

Subfam. Mttscides, Walk.
Gen. Idia, Meigdn.

119. Idia discolor, Fair. Si/st. Antl. 295. 55. (Musca.)
Inhabits also Java.

128 MR. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

120. Idia bivittata, n. s., foem. Rufa subtus testacea, capite antico nigro,
thorace vittis duabus nigris, abdomine supra nigro vitta brevi antica rufa,
pedibus testaceis, tarsis anticis nigris basi albidis, alis fusco-cinereis.

Var. (3. Tborace nigro vittis duabus canis, abdominis dorso toto nigro.

Female. Red, testaceous beneath. Head black in front. Antennae pale red.
Thorax with two black stripes. Abdomen above black, with a short red
stripe on the anterior part. Legs testaceous ; fore tarsi black, whitish
towards the base. Wings brownish-grey, darker along the costa towards
the base ; veins black. Halteres testaceous.

Var. /3. Thorax black, with two hoary stripes. Abdomen wholly black above.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Gen. Musca, Linn.

121. Musca flavieeps, Macq. See page 23.

122. Musca chalybea, Wied. Auss. Zweijl. ii. 402. 30.
Inhabits also Java.

123. Musca micans?, Fair. Syst. Antl. 291. 38 (genus Silbomyia, Macq).
Inhabits also Hindostan, Sumatra and Java.

This is certainly the S. micans of Macquart, but does not quite agree with
the descriptions of Fabricius and of Wiedemann.

124. Musca trita, Walk. See page 24.

125. Musca diffidens, Walk. See page 26.

126. Musca exempta, n. s. (n. subgen. allied to Pyrellia, Desv), fcem. Leete
viridis, palpis antennisque nigris, abdominis disco purpureo, pedibus piceis,
alis subcinereis basi fuscis, venis praebrachiali et cubitali conjunctis.

Female. Bright green. Palpi and antennae black. Disk of the abdomen
purple. Legs piceous ; femora darker than the tibiae. Wings slightly
greyish, brown at the base and along nearly half the length of the costa ;
veins black ; praebrachial vein curved, not angular, joining the cubital vein
near the tip of the latter ; discal transverse vein almost straight, parted by
less than its length from the border, and by more than its length from the
flexure of the prgebrachial. Alulae lurid. Length of the body 2 lines ; of
the wings 3£ lines.

127. Musca domestica, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 990.

Inhabits also Europe and some parts of Africa, Asia, and America.

Gen. Bengalia, Dev.

128. Bengalia Dioclea, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 4. 869 (Musca).

Subfam. Anthomyides, Walk.
Gen. Aricia, Macq.

129. Aricia patula, Walk. See page 28.

This may perhaps be a variety of Anthomyia quadrata, Wied. Auss. Zweijl.

ii. 428. 14.
The latter inhabits Java.

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 129

130. Aeicia inapeeta, n. s., mas et foem. Testacea, capite supra et thoracis
disco nigris, orbitis albis, pedibus testaceis, alis cinereis apud costam obscu-
rioribus venis nigris basi fulvis. Foem. Abdominis disco nigro.

Male and Female. Testaceous. Head above and disk of the thorax black.
Abdomen shining. Eyes bordered with white tomentum. Legs testaceous.
Wings grey, darker along the costa ; veins black, tawny at the base ; discal
transverse vein undulating, slightly oblique, parted by less than its length
from the border, and by much more than its length from the preebrachial
transverse vein. Female. Disk of the abdomen black. Length of the body
3 lines j of the wings 5i lines.

Gen. Anthomyia, Meigen.

131. Anthomyia illocata, n. s., foem. Albida, capite albo, macula verticis
subquadrata nigra j thorace fascia nigra, abdomine e maculis nigris trivit-
tato, alis sublimpidis.

Closely allied to A. tonitrui, Wied. Female. Whitish, with black bristles.
Head white. Frontalia with a black subquadrate spot hi front. Proboscis
and legs black. Thorax with a black band in front of the wings. Abdomen
with three rows of black spots ; the middle spots lanceolate, the lateral tri-
angular. Wings nearly lirnpid j veins black, testaceous at the base j discal
transverse vein slightly curved and oblique, parted by much less than its
length from the border, and by much more than its length from the prse-
brachial transverse vein. Length of the body 2| lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Gen. Cjsnosia, Meigen.

132. Caenosia macularis, Wied. Auss. Zweijl. ii. 438. 2.
Inhabits also Hindostan.

133. Cjjnosia insuegens, n. s., foem. Nigra cinereo-tomentosa, orbitis albis,
antennis testaceis, abdomine e maculis nigris trivittato, alis limpidis, halte-
ribus pallidis.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head white about the eyes. An-
tenna? dull testaceous. Abdomen with three black spots on each side.
Wings limpid ; veins black, testaceous at the base ; discal transverse vein
parted by full its length from the border and by nearly twice its length from
the prsebrachial transverse vein. Halteres pale. Length of the body 2
lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

Subfam. Helomyzides, Fallen.
Gen. Helomyza, Fallen.

134. Helomyza orientalis, Wied. Auss. 2jweifl. ii. 575. 2. (Sciomyza.)
Inhabits also Java.

135. Helomyza euscicostata, n. s., foem. Fulva, facie orbitisque cano-
tomentosis, abdomine nigro basi fulvo, tibiis tarsisque fuscescentibus, alis
cinereis apud costam fuscis.

Female. Tawny with black bristles, paler beneath. Head with hoary to-
mentum about the eyes and in front. Abdomen black, tawny at the base.
Tibia? and tarsi brownish. Wings grey, brown along the costa ; veins black,

LINN. PRpC. — ZOOLOGY. 9

130 me. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

tawny at the base ; discal transverse vein oblique, hardly undulating, parted
by full half its length from the border and by less than twice its length from
the prsebrachial transverse vein. Halteres testaceous, with darker knobs.
Length of the body 3£ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

136. Helomyza jequata, n. s., foam. Ferruginea, facie cinereo-tomentosa,
antennis fulvis, scutelli apice pectoreque nigricantibus, abdomine nigro,
pedibus piceis, alis luridis postice cinereis.

Female. Ferruginous, with black bristles. Head with cinereous tomentum in
front. Antennae tawny. Scutellum towards the tip and pectus blackish.
Abdomen black. Legs piceous. Wings lurid, grey along the hind border ;
veins tawny ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, parted by less than its
length from the border, and by much more than twice its length from the
prsebrachial transverse vein. Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2 \
lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

137. Helomyza limbata, n. s., foem. Pallide fulva, thorace abdomineque
late nigro-vittatis, pedibus testaceis, alis cinereis.

Female. Pale tawny, with black bristles, testaceous beneath. Arista black,
deeply plumose. Thorax and abdomen with a broad black stripe. Legs tes-
taceous. Wings grey ; veins black, tawny at the base ; discal transverse
vein parted by much less than its length from the border, and by more than
twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse vein. Length of the body
2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

138. Helomyza peovicta, n. s., foam. Fulva, orbitis albidis, pedibus tes-
taceis, tarsis obscurioribus, alis luridis postice cinereis apice fuscis.

Female. Tawny, testaceous beneath. Head whitish about the eyes. Arista
black, with long hairs. Legs testaceous ; tarsi darker. Wings lurid, grey
along the hind border, brown at the tips and along the adjoining part of
the costa ; veins tawny, black in the brown part and along the costa ; discal
transverse vein clouded with brown, parted by half its length from the
border, and by twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse vein.
Length of the body 2\ lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

139. Helomyza invicta, n. s., fcem. Fulva, abdominis segmentis nigro-fas-
ciatis, pedibus testaceis, alis cinereis dimidio apicali antice fusco vena discali
transversa fusco-nebulosa.

Female. Tawny, testaceous beneath. Arista black, with long hairs. Ab-
domen with a blackish band on the hind border of each segment. Legs
testaceous. Wings grey, brown on half the breadth behind the apical half
of the costa ; discal transverse vein clouded with brown, almost straight
and upright, parted by its length from the border, and by more than twice
its length from the prsebrachial transverse vein. Length of the body 2 lines ;
of the wings 4 lines.

Gen. Sapromyza, Fallen.

140. Sapromyza biguttata, Macq. Dipt. Exot.
Inhabits also Java.

Gen. Gauzania, n. g.
Fcem. Corpus gracile, setosum, subcylindricum. Oculi nudi. Antenna;

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 131

breves ; articulus 3 US longk conicus 3 arista plumosa. Abdomen oblan-
ceolatum, thorace angustius, vix longius. Pedes non setosi. Alee angustae,
venis parallelis.
Female. Body slender, bristly, nearly cylindrical. Eyes bare. Antennae short ;
3rd joint elongate-conical ; arista deeply plumose. Abdomen oblanceolate,
shining, narrower but very little longer than the thorax. Legs not bristly.
Wings narrow j prsebrachial vein parallel to the cubital ; discal transverse
vein straight, parted by about its length from the border, and by much more
than twice its length from the prsebrachial transverse vein.

141. Gattzania devecta, n. s., fcem. Nigra obscura, abdomine nitente, pe-
dibus piceis, alis nigricantibus postice pallidioribus, halteribus albidis.

Female. Black, dull. Abdomen shining. Legs piceous ; femora darker than
the tibise. Wings blackish, paler along the exterior border ; veins black.
Halteres whitish. Length of the body If line ; of the wings 3£ lines.

Subfam. Latjxanldes, Walk.
Gen. Lattxania, Latr.

142. Lauxania eucera, Walk. See page 29.

Gen. Celyphtts, Dahnan.

143. Celyphus scutatus, Wied. Auss. Zweifi. ii. 601. 2.
Inhabits also Hindostan and the Philippine Islands.

Subfam. Ortalides, Holiday.
Gen. Lamprogaster, Macq.

144. Lamprogaster zonata, Walk. See page 30.

145. Lamprogaster glabra, Walk. See page 30.
" On decaying timber," Wallace MSS.

146. Lamprogaster basiltttea, n. s.,-?m*6-. Nigra, capite apud oculos vittis-
que duabus anticis testaceis, antennis piceis, thorace vittis quatuor pallide
flavis, abdomine fasciis duabus pallide flavis postica interr^pta, femoribus
apice rufescentibus, tarsis albis apice nigris, ahs cinereis fusco subnebulosis
basi antice luteis, halteribus testaceis.

Male. Very nearly allied to L. zonata, and perhaps the male of that species.
Black, shining. Head testaceous about the eyes, and with two testaceous
stripes in front. Antennse piceou3. Thorax with four pale yellow stripes,
one on each side in front of the wings, and one on each side of the scutum.
Abdomen with two slender pale yellow bands, the hind one interrupted. Fe»
mora reddish at the tips ; tarsi white, with black tips. Wings grey, partly
and very slightly clouded with brown, luteous along the basal part of the
costa ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the costa ; discal
transverse vein like that of L. zonata. Halteres testaceous. Length of
the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines,

147. Lamprogaster divisa, n, s., fcem. Nigra, tibiis testaceis nigro-fas-
ciatis, tarsis albis apice nigris, ahs nigricantibus guttis plurimis fasciaque
interlineata limpidis, halteribus pallidis.

9*

132 MR. walker's catalogue oe dipterous insects

Female. Black. Abdomen shining. Tibiae testaceous, with black bands ;
tarsi white, with black tips. Wings blackish, with numerous limpid dots,
and with a limpid band which includes the discal transverse vein, and is
intersected by an interrupted blackish hue. Halteres pale. Length of the
body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

148. Lampeogastee punctata, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite antico testaceo, ^^
orbitis albidis, antennis halteribusque testaceis, pectore vittis duabus tes-
taceis, pedibus piceis, alis nigro-fuscis guttis decern discalibus luridis gutta-

que apicali alba.
Male. Black, slightly shining. Head very shining in front, testaceous about
the mouth, whitish about the eyes. Antennae testaceous. Pectus with a
testaceous stripe on each side. Legs piceous. Wings blackish-brown, with
about ten lurid dots on each, and with a larger white dot on each tip.
Halteres testaceous. Length of the body If line ; of the wings 3 hues.

149. Lampeogastee guttata, n. s., mas. Nigra, orbitis albidis, epistomate
antennis halteribusque testaceis, pectore vittis duabus vix determinatis tes-
taceis, pedibus piceis, alis nigro-fuscis guttis plurimis apicibusque limpidis.

Male. Black, shghtly shining. Head very shining in front, testaceous about
the epistoma, whitish about the eyes. Antennae testaceous. Pectus with an
indistinct testaceous stripe on each side. Legs piceous. Wings blackish-
brown, with many limpid dots, the largest on the hind border ; tips limpid.
Halteres testaceous. Length of the body 1| line ; of the wings %\ lines.

The two preceding species may perhaps form a new genus, the peculiar cha-
racters of Lampromyia being hardly conspicuous in them.

Gen. Sophira, Walk.

150. Sophiea concinna, n. s., foem. Testacea, frontalibus luteis, thorace fas-
ciis duabus lateralibus vittisqiie duabus nigricantibus, pectore ex parte abdo-
minisque vittis quatuor nigris, tibiis posticis fuscescentibus, alis obscure
fuscis apices versus pallide fuscis strigis basahbus fasciaque abbreviate
limpidis.

Female. Testaceous, shining. Head with luteous frontalia. Thorax with two
blackish stripes, and on each side with two blackish bands. Pectus partly
black. Abdomen with four black stripes. Hind tibiee brownish. Wings
dark brown, pale brown on the apical third part, with limpid basal streaks,
and with a limpid shghtly abbreviated band beyond the middle ; veins black.
Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 hnes.

Gen. Rioxa, Walk.

151. Rioxa lanceolata, Walk. See page 35. This species is very variable in
the breadth of the stripes of the thorax, and in the number and size of the
spots on the wings.

152. Rioxa confinis, n. s., foem. Ferruginea, abdomine nigricante, alis ni-
gro-fuscis basi guttisque octo limpidis.

Female. Ferruginous. Abdomen blackish. Wings blackish-brown, limpid
towards the base, with three triangular limpid spots on the costa, with two
limpid spots (one of them double) on the hind border, and with two on the
disk ; veins black. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

COLLECTED IN BORNEO. 133

Gen. Dacus.

153. Dacus asneus, Wied. Auss. Zweifl. ii. 513. 2.
Inhabits also Java.

154. Dacus determinates, n, s., mas. Nigro-asneus, capite antennis pedi-
busque fulvis, thorace vittis tribus albidis duabusque fulvis, abdomine
ferrugineo basi irigro, tibiis anticis tarsisque niseis, alis sublimpidis apice
fasciisque duabus fuscis.

Male. iEneous-black. Head and antennae tawny. Thorax with three whitish
stripes and with two tawny stripes ; the latter are united at the tip of the
scutellum, and the whitish bands extend obliquely on each side to the pectus.
Abdomen ferruginous, black above at the base. Legs tawny ; tips of the
femora darker ; posterior femora minutely spinose beneath ; tarsi and fore
tibiae brown. Wings nearly limpid, brown from the discal transverse vein to
the tips, and with two brown bands ; 1st band very imperfect ; 2nd very
pale and diffuse on the hind half of the wing. Halteres whitish. Length
of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

155. Dactjs fkhtrattjs, n. s., fcem. Niger, capite antennis pedibusque
fulvis, vertice nigro, thorace vittis tribus (intermedia quadriramosa) pec-
toreque tes^aceis, abdomine vitta antica- fasciaque luteis, tibiis tarsisque
posterioribus fuscis, alis subcinereis apice fuscis plaga media, costali lurida,
halteribus albidis.

Female, Black, shining. Head and antennas pale tawny; vertex black.
Thorax with three testaceous stripes, the middle one emitting two oblique
branches on each side. Pectus with two testaceous stripes. Abdomen
with a luteous stripe extending from the base to the middle, where it is
united to a luteous band. Legs tawny; posterior tibias and tarsi brown.
Wings slightly greyish, with a large lurid space along the middle of the
costa ; tips brown ; veins black. Halteres whitish. Length of the body
3| lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Gen. Noeeta, Desv.

156. Noeeta latiuscula, n. s., mas. Nigra, capite testaceo, thorace cinereo,
scutello nitido, tibiis tarsisque albidis, illis fusco-fasciatis, alis nigro-fuscis
guttis plurimis limpidis apud costam dilatatis limpidis fusco-fasciatis.

Male. Black. Head testaceous, with white tomentum in front and beneath.
Antennas and halteres testaceous. Thorax with grey tomentum. Scutellum
brilliant black. Abdomen shining. Tibias and tarsi whitish, the former
with brown bands. Wings blackish-brown, with many limpid dots ; costal
part limpid, somewhat dilated, with transverse brown streaks. Length of
the body 1£ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

Gen. Trypeta, Meig.

157. Trypeta rttdis, n. s., foem. Nigra cinereo -tomentosa, capite thoracis
scapulis fascia interrupta scutello abdominis apice pedibusque testaceis,
alis sublimpidis fasciis duabus fuscis l a postice abbreviata.

Female. Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head testaceous in front and
beneath. Antennas, legs and halteres testaceous. Scapulas of the thorax,

134 MB. walkeb's catalogue op diptebotjs insects

an interrupted band, scutellum, and tip of the abdomen also testaceous.
Wings nearly limpid, with two brown bands, the interior one abbreviated
hindward; veins black, testaceous at the base. Length of the body
3 lines j of the wings 5 lines.

Gen. Ubophoba, Desv.

158. Ueophoea fasciata, n. s., fcem. Nigra nitens, capite antennis scapulis
scutello abdominis terebra pedibusque testaceis, abdomine fasciis duabus
albido-tomentosis, femoribus posterioribus piceis, ahs nigro-fuscis vitta
lata subobliqua limpida apicem versus furcata et arcuata.

Female. Black, shining. Head testaceous, whitish in front and beneath.
Antennae, scapulae, scutellum, legs and halteres testaceous. Abdomen with
two bands of whitish tomentum. Terebra testaceous, long, slender. Poste-
rior femora mostly piceous. Wings blackish-brown, with some paler spots
along the costa, and with a broad, slightly oblique limpid stripe, which
towards its tip is divided and curved to the hind border. Length of the
body 4 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Subfam. Achiides, Walk.

Gen. Achias, Fabr.

159. Achias maculipennis, Westw. See page 36.

There are two specimens of the male of this species, and the petiole with
which the head is furnished on each side is much longer in one specimen
than in the other, and in the latter is much longer than in the male from
Singapore. I am indebted to Mr. Westwood for the correction of an error
in page 33, where the female of this species is described by the name
of Themara ampla.

Subfam. Diopsides, Walk.

Gen. Diopsis, Linn.

160. Diopsis quinqueguttata, Walk. See page 36.

161. Diopsis quadriguttata, Walk. See page 37.

162. Diopsis disceepans, n. s., mas et foem. Nigra nitens, antennis fulvis,
abdomine apud petioli apicem maculis duabus rufis tomento albo plagiatis,
pedibus rufescentibus, tarsis testaceis, alis sublimpidis macula apud venam
transversam praebrachialem fasciaque exteriore fuscis. Mas. Oculorum
petiolis corpore paullo longioribus aut brevioribus. Foem. Oculorum pe-
tiolis corporis dimidio brevioribus.

Male and Female. Black, shining. Antennae tawny. Abdomen at the tip
of the petiole with two red spots, each accompanied by a patch of white
tomentum. Legs reddish ; tarsi testaceous. Wings nearly limpid, with a
brown spot on the prsebrachial transverse vein, and with an exterior brown
band ; veins black. Halteres white.

Male. Petioles of the eyes a little longer or a little shorter than the body.

Female. Petioles of the eyes less than half the length of the body. Length
of the body 2% lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

COLLECTED IN BOENEO. 135

Subfam. Sepsldes, Walk.

Gen. Calobata, Fair.

163. Calobata steentja, n. s., fcem. Nigra sat valida, capite antico nigro-
cyaneo, thorace subcinereo, femoribus mediis flavo unifasciatis posticis
flavo bifasciatis, tarsis anticis albis, alis subcinereis fascia lata fusca apice
subfuscescentibus, halteribus piceis.

Female. Black, rather stout. Head shining, blackish-blue in front, with
white tomentum about the eyes. Thorax slightly tinged with grey tomen-
tum. Legs long, slender ; middle femora with one yellow band; hind
femora with two yellow bands, one of them at the base ; fore tarsi white.
Wings slightly greyish, with a broad brown band beyond the middle ; tips
slightly brownish ; veins black. Halteres piceous. Length of the body
6 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

164. Calobata cedens, n, s., fcem. Nigro-cyanea nitens, antennis abdomine
pedibusque nigris, pectore plagis duabus albo-tomentosis, femoribus anticis
basi testaceis posterioribus testaceis nigro-fasciatis, tarsis anticis albis, alis
subcinereis fascia fusca apice subfuscescentibus.

Female. Blackish-blue, shining. Antennae, abdomen and legs black. Pectus
with a patch of white tonientum on each side. Legs long and slender ;
fore femora testaceous towards the base ; posterior femora testaceous, with
blackish bands ; fore tarsi white. Wings slightly greyish, with a brown
band beyond the middle ; tips slightly brownish. Halteres testaceous, with
blackish knobs. Length of the body 3£-4 lines ; of the wings 6-7 lines.

Gen. Cardiacephala, Macq.

165. Cabdiacephala longicollis, n. s., mas. Eufo-lutea, capitis maculis
duabus facieque nigris, thorace longissimo lanceolato lineis duabus glaucis,
abdomine apicem versus nigro, tibiis tarsisque nigricantibus, tarsis anticis
basi albis, alis subcinereis apice fuscescentibus, apud costam subluteis.

Male. Reddish luteous. Head with a black spot on each side of the vertex ;
face black, with white tomentum on each side. Thorax very long, attenu-
ated in front, with a glaucous stripe on each side. Abdomen black towards
the tip, not longer than the thorax. Legs long and slender ; tibiae and
tarsi blackish; fore tarsi white at the base. Wings slightly greyish,
brownish at the tip3, and with a luteous tinge along the costa ; veins black,
tawny towards the base. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Subfam. Psilides, Walk.

Gen. Miceopeza, Meigen.

166. Micropeza fragilis, Walk. See page 37.

Gen. Nebius, Wied.

167. Nerius fuscipennis, Macq. See page 38.

Gen. Texara, Walk.

168. Texara compressa, Walk. See page 38.

136 DB. J. B. HlCKS ON A NEW OBGAN IN INSECTS.

Subfam. Gteomtzides, Fallen.
Gen. G-yhnopa, Fallen.

169. G-TMNOPA ? GUTTICOSTA, n. s., fcem. Nigra nitens, pectoris lateribus
canis, thoracis fascia abdominisque basi pallide flavis, tibiis tarsisque ferru-
gineis, alis subflavescentibus gutta costali nigra.

Female. Black, shining. Head wanting. Thorax with a pale yellow band.
Pectus hoary on each side. Abdomen blackish, cupreous towards the
base, which is pale yellow. Tibise and tarsi ferruginous. Wings slightly
yellowish, with a black dot on the costa before half the length ; veins yel-
lowish. Length of the body 1^ line ; of the wings 3 lines.

170. Gymnopa IKFTJSA ?, n. s., mas. Nigra, thorace subpubescente, scutello
longi-obconico, abdomine seneo-nigro, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, alis
limpidis venis nigris.

Male. Black. Head wanting. Thorax slightly pubescent. Scutellum long-
obconic. Abdomen seneous-black, shining. Legs and halteres testaceous.
Wings limpid ; veins black ; discal transverse vein parted by more than
its length from the border, and by less than twice its length from the
prsebrachial transverse vein. Length of the body 1£ line ; of the wings
2£ lines.

On a New Organ in Insects. By John Bbaxton Hicks, Esq.,
M.D. Lond., E.L.S. Ac.

[Read June 17, 1856.]

About a month since my attention was directed towards a pecu-
liar structure in the halteres of the Mhingia rostrata, by Mr.
Purkiss, who is an energetic and zealous searcher for microscopical
objects, and who, from the position and structure of this organ,
considered it to be the organ of smell. How far this is probable,
I will leave the Society to judge at the termination of this paper.
I instantly directed my attention to the subject, and I will en-
deavour to lay before the Society the results at which I have
arrived up to the present time, apologizing for the incompleteness
of the investigation, in consequence of my anxiety to bring it
before the Society previous to the summer recess.

If we dissect a perfect fly, there will be seen in the centre of
the thorax the great thoracic ganglion, which is formed by the
fusion of the three thoracic ganglia into one. From thence it
will be plainly seen that the first branch passes to the anterior
leg ; the second (much larger) enters the base of the wing after
giving off a few branches to the muscles ; the third branch passes

DB. J. B. HICKS ON A NEW OBGAN IN INSECTS. 137

to the middle leg; and the fourth (the largest of all) passes
straight into the halteres ; the fifth set supplying the posterior
legs. I have drawn the nerves of the Drone (Plate Y. fig. 1) and
Blow-fly (fig. 2).

In the Lepidoptera there are two thoracic ganglia. The first
(the smaller) supplies the anterior legs. The second gives off the
first pair to the anterior wings, the second pair to the middle
legs, the third pair to the second wings, and the fourth to the
posterior legs.

In the Lucanus Cervus (Coleoptera) we find three thoracic
ganglia : the anterior supplies the first pair of legs ; the second
gives a pair to the elytra and a pair to the middle legs ; while the
third ganglion supplies a pair to the second wings and the poste-
rior legs.

In the Orthoptera, in the Locust for example, the arrangement
is similar as to the origin of the nerves.

In the Hymenoptera the arrangement is as in the Lepidoptera.

In the Neuroptera (Dragon-fly) there are three thoracic ganglia,
the nerves passing off in the same manner as in the Lucanus
Cervus.

In the Hemiptera the thoracic ganglia are fused into one, as in
the Fly. But the nerve to the anterior wing is twice the size of
that to the posterior.

From the above statement, it will be seen that we find in all
insects —

1st, A pair of nerves going to and entering the base of each of
the wings ; and in the Diptera, of the halteres also.

2nd, The nerves supplying the posterior wings or halteres are
generally the larger.

As there are no muscles in either the wings or halteres, these
nerves must be sensatory.

I shall now describe the curious organs to which they proceed.

And first as regards the halteres. Situated on the pleura, and
closely adjoining a large spiracle, we find the joint very free, so
that these organs can be moved with such rapidity as to render
them invisible when in motion ; and they are beautifully protected
in the Fly by the scales, which in Rhingia rostrata form a very
beautiful object.

The halteres consist of a base, shaft, and head; the relative
proportion of each varying in different insects. On each side of
the base is a ridge, and on these ridges are situated two similar
structures. In the Bhingia rostrata (Plate V. fig. 3), for instance,

LINN. PBOC. — ZOOLOGY. 10

138 DB. J. B. HICKS ON A NEW OBGAN IN INSECTS.

there are about twenty rows of vesicles, each row separated from
the adjoining one by a slight distance. There is a row of hairs
between each row of vesicles, the hairs arching over them, and
thereby forming a protection from extraneous particles. These
hairs are in pairs, one pair being opposite to each vesicle. The
rows on the ridge are arranged transversely to the axis of the
halteres (fig. 3 a, c) . The vesicles themselves are very trans-
parent, and hemispherical or even more nearly spherical projec-
tions, apparently cuticular. This is well seen by a profile view,
fig. 3 e. Their diameter, in this fly, is about 4-oVo^h of an inch :
each vesicle nearly touches its neighbour.

Beneath these, but on one side only, is a broader, flatter face,
on which the vesicles are more distinct, and at a farther distance
from each other, the rows arranged parallel to the axis of the hal-
teres, and only one hair opposite each vesicle, there being some
alternate. The diameter of each of these is about -gy^th of an
inch. There is a smaller group of vesicles situated on one side of
this latter face, in number about ten ; the individual vesicles are
rather larger.

In the Tdbanidce the arrangement is very similar, with the ad-
dition of seven vesicles on the shaft of the halteres, to the upper
part of the facet of the ridge, and another group of eight or nine
beneath the ridge opposite the broader facet.

In Tipula the same general arrangement holds, except that in
the facets on the ridge the vesicles are arranged in a quincuncial
manner, and are larger than those on the broad facet, being about
x 9*0 th of an inch, with numerous hairs between each (fig. 4 a).
The broader facet too is less extensive relatively to the others,
and is also quincuncial in arrangement, of the diameter of 3^- ¥ th
of an inch (fig. 4 b). Besides these, in the largest Crane-fly, on
the joint, there is a cone, having on its flattened apex a group of
about eight or nine vesicles, with numerous very small hairs be-
tween them (fig. 4 c).

The shaft of the halteres is tubular, and through it apparently
passes a branch of the nerve, which seems to expand as it reaches
the head, and which head contains cellular substance, and has ex-
ternally a groove on one side, just below its greatest diameter.
The membrane lining the groove is apparently very delicate. A
group of hairs is generally found at the end of the groove.

I have now described the principal features of these curious
structures, as found in the halteres of the Diptera ; none that I
have examined have been free from them. The number of vesicles

DE. J. B. HICKS ON A NEW ORGAN IN INSECTS. 139

in each of the halteres (in Mhingia for instance) is about 120
for each principal face, making for the three faces 360.

Thus we find a nerve, the largest nerve except the optic, enter-
ing the halteres, where there are no muscles, therefore this nerve
must be one of sensation ; and I think it will be allowed that it
must be one of special sensation.

But as there is also a nerve going to the base of the wings, we
might expect to find similar structures there, and we shall not be
disappointed ; for if we look on the subcostal nervure at the base,
we shall see a group of vesicles of a similar character to those on
the halteres, — not so beautifully arranged, but still very distinct,
as is clearly shown in the Tabanidce and some Muscce (fig. 5).
They extend in a single row some little distance up the nervure,
and are found on both sides of the nervure, but principally on
the upper side.

These organs are not confined to the Diptera, but 1 believe
are to be found in all insects ; at least I have found them as far
as I have examined. They exist on both sides, but principally
on the upper side of the base of the subcostal nervure; on
the costal nerve in Hemiptera. Those on the second wing are
generally the largest in number and size ; but that, I suspect, is
determined by the size of the nerve proceeding to them. In
Moths they are very apparent, being greatest in the JSToctuce and
Bomlycidce. There are about 100 vesicles on the upper surface
of the posterior wing, and half that number beneath, besides some
few on the nervures. (See fig. 7 b.) In the Butterfly they are
smaller, but arranged in more definite groups, about three in
number. In Coleoptera and Neuroptera they are arranged in long
rows along the subcostal nerve ; they are more apparent in Co-
leoptera than in Neuroptera. In the Hymenoptera, for instance the
Bee, they are found in a rounded group of about forty on each
side (fig. 6 a).

In a subsequent paper I hope to show a more extended analysis
of this structure in the different tribes of Insects.

Now, what is the nature of these organs ? Are they organs of
smell, as suggested by Mr. Purkiss ? As the olfactory organ has
never yet been decided on, it seems to me not improbable that
they may be the organs of that sense ; for, first, it is not likel